Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences最新文献_第5页

"A Much Wider Field in Which to Operate": Early Black Women Physicians in Public Health. "更广阔的工作领域"：早期公共卫生领域的黑人女医师。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad048

Margaret Vigil-Fowler, Sukumar Desai

{"title":"\"A Much Wider Field in Which to Operate\": Early Black Women Physicians in Public Health.","authors":"Margaret Vigil-Fowler, Sukumar Desai","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad048","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad048","url":null,"abstract":"In a profession shaped by Whiteness and masculinity, the few Black women physicians who earned medical degrees prior to the Second World War found some of their rare professional opportunities in public health. Though their choices were often constrained by racism and sexism, they embraced public health work as a means of carrying out their \"mission\" in marginalized communities and as a way of practicing medicine with a more expansive definition than treating individual patients or illnesses. Black women physicians shaped public health by creating unique programming to meet the needs of the communities they served, including mobile health clinics and community health weeks. The first Black women physicians who worked in public health in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries applied the new tool of public health \"vital\" statistics to Black lives and questioned the limits of their utility when created by White practitioners with racial biases. In the 1930s, some Black women physicians began earning some of the first master's degrees in public health, just as the field was beginning to professionalize. Throughout the twentieth century, Black women physicians pioneered community health programming and, though born from exclusionary policies that limited where they could practice, experimented with alternative clinical spaces, even as the hospital and laboratory became the primary sites of medicine for White clinicians. By embracing public health, Black women physicians shaped the field and used it as a tool to address racial health disparities in the communities they served, acting on their belief that Black health could be improved, thereby contesting notions of biological inferiority.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"129-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9990992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Joseph E. Murray's Struggle to Transplant Kidneys: Failure, Individuality, and Plastic Surgery, 1950-1965. 约瑟夫-E.-默里的肾移植奋斗史：失败、个性与整形外科，1950-1965 年。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad042

Hyung Wook Park

{"title":"Joseph E. Murray's Struggle to Transplant Kidneys: Failure, Individuality, and Plastic Surgery, 1950-1965.","authors":"Hyung Wook Park","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad042","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad042","url":null,"abstract":"This paper offers a historical analysis of the American plastic surgeon and Nobel laureate Joseph E. Murray's kidney transplantation. After succeeding in the first kidney transplantation between monozygotic twins in 1954, he transplanted kidneys between genetically distinct people after X-radiation and immunosuppressants. Amid these achievements, however, Murray encountered numerous failures, which he thought were closely intertwined with each patient's physiological and pathological individuality. As he appropriated his expertise in plastic surgery for kidney transplantation, this individuality became a major issue that he had to cope with in his efforts to avoid failures. To him, kidney transplantation could fail because of each individual's immunological barrier or constitutional singularity that could engender unexpected complications. Although he could neither explain nor control many of these failures, I argue that his unsuccessful work and patient individuality played multiple roles in shaping his operations as a plastic surgeon. They structured the path of his surgical research, made sense of it, defended him from criticism, and formed the way that he presented the results of his work with an immunological implication. Consequently, Murray, with little scientific training, articulated an important dimension of immunological tolerance relevant to clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"143-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10045346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Senator and the Sting Operation: Politics, the Media, and Frank Moss's Exposé of "Medicaid Mills". 参议员与刺杀行动》：政治、媒体与弗兰克-莫斯揭露 "医疗补助计划"。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad041

Brian Dolan, Stephen Beitler, Antoine Johnson

{"title":"The Senator and the Sting Operation: Politics, the Media, and Frank Moss's Exposé of \"Medicaid Mills\".","authors":"Brian Dolan, Stephen Beitler, Antoine Johnson","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad041","url":null,"abstract":"In September 1975, Frank Moss, an eighteen-year veteran of the Senate from Utah, donned the scruffiest clothes he could find and walked into a small clinic in New York that catered to Medicaid patients. Using a phony Medicaid card supplied to him by a New York District Attorney, he posed as a patient with symptoms he feigned to assess the quality of care he would receive. Appalled by what he experienced, he and a team of staffers from his office embarked on a four-state tour of what he termed \"Medicaid mills,\" visiting more than 200 clinics in an undercover investigation that exposed alarming levels of provider fraud and abuse of the government health insurance system. This dramatic expose was covered by CBS's widely watched Sunday-night news program 60 Minutes. The subsequent Senate hearings were a media sensation, leading to accusations that the Senator was \"grandstanding.\" This article looks at the political climate in which the congressional sting operation, the media attention it garnered, and the subsequent legislation enacted sought to address a persistent, growing problem of fraud and abuse in Medicare and Medicaid. The article argues that Moss's effort was an example of entrepreneurial politics, as defined by Craig Volden and Alan Wiseman in 2016, and something more as well. Moss was reacting to a political setting in which the legitimate authority of political institutions, including Congress, had been called into question by the Watergate scandal and other revelations. At the same time, organized medicine in America was dealing with its own version of this challenge to its authority. The result was a dramatic episode that focused on fraud and abuse in the ten-year-old Medicare program and that raised wider questions about changes in cultural authority in politics and medicine.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"163-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9781666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ancient Conceptions of the Human Uterus: Italic Votives and Animal Wombs. 古代对人类子宫的认识：意大利梵文和动物子宫。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad038

Claire Bubb

引用次数: 0

Mr. Gilbert's World Tour: Rethinking Disabled Veterans Across British Imperial Spaces. 吉尔伯特先生的世界之旅：反思大英帝国空间中的伤残退伍军人。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad084

Michael Robinson

引用次数: 0

The Religious Dimensions of Epidemic Disease: Cholera, the Ghost Rite, and Missionary Medicine in Nineteenth-Century Korea. 流行病的宗教层面：十九世纪韩国的霍乱、鬼礼和传教医学。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae001

Shin Kwon Kim

引用次数: 0

"Conscientious Guardian" vs. "Commercialized Jungle": Pharmacists and Pharmacy Design in the Postwar United States. "良心守护者 "与 "商业化丛林"：战后美国的药剂师与药房设计》。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad029

Lucas Richert, Gabriel Lake Carter

{"title":"\"Conscientious Guardian\" vs. \"Commercialized Jungle\": Pharmacists and Pharmacy Design in the Postwar United States.","authors":"Lucas Richert, Gabriel Lake Carter","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad029","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad029","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacists and pharmacies are key drivers in the American marketplace. They serve as an endpoint of the pharmaceutical supply chain and are the dispensers of a range of consumer goods, some nonthreatening and others potentially harmful to public health. In adding pharmacies to the roster of consumerist locales in the postwar period, scholars might draw even deeper connections about the transformation of health, corporate medicine, and American economic power. To understand the interface of consumerism, corporatism, and health in postwar America, this article holds the postwar pharmacy as a key site of commodity exchange and business and positions it within the larger American firmament, paying attention to the design of pharmacies. In particular, the article will add to the knowledge about the tangible ways that medical and health care spaces are constructed, organized, and designed to best generate profits. Besides prescription medications, alcohol, tobacco, and sugar-rich products were also vital elements of the postwar pharmacy and will be featured in this article. What is more, this article focuses on a central debate between pharmacists during the postwar period about how pharmacies were shifting from the role of healer to that of a retailer - from a \"conscientious guardian\" to a \"commercialized jungle\" - in order to highlight how the public health role of pharmacies was undermined by industry pressures for profit. Based on unused corporate guides and manuals, company records, photographs, and management documents, this article will spotlight the underexplored interiority of pharmacies - the store's insides, processes of organization, and design features related to potentially habit-changing substances.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"39-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138809833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"They Perished in the Cause of Science": Justus von Liebig's Food for Infants. "他们为科学事业而牺牲"：贾斯图斯-冯-李比希的《婴儿食品》。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad035

Caroline Lieffers

{"title":"\"They Perished in the Cause of Science\": Justus von Liebig's Food for Infants.","authors":"Caroline Lieffers","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad035","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad035","url":null,"abstract":"In 1867, controversy erupted when Jean-Anne-Henri Depaul, a Paris accoucheur, tested Justus von Liebig's new \"food for infants\" on four newborns, all of whom died within days. This paper examines the origins of Liebig's food, the debates in the French Academy of Medicine after Depaul's experiment, and how the events were discussed in the medical and popular presses. I argue that the controversy was shaped by a number of interconnected concerns, including the product's impracticality, disagreements within the field of chemistry, the riskiness of Depaul's experimentation, Liebig's problematic celebrity, the potential hubris of trying to emulate a natural product, and national tensions between France and Germany. Infant feeding was an emotionally charged and highly politicized site where multiple interests, anxieties, and ways of knowing collided. Although commercial infant foods, many of which made reference to Liebig in their advertising, would ultimately find popularity in the last decades of the nineteenth century, close attention to the first years of Liebig's product demonstrates that its credibility as a \"scientific\" mode of infant feeding was far from assured. Rather, Liebig's milk illustrates the early challenges of constructing and enforcing knowledge and trust at the intersection between food, science, and infant life, in both professional and popular arenas.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9826962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The "oldest and the newest of nurses": Nursing and the Professionalization of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 最老和最新的护士"：护理与妇产科专业化。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad032

Maria Daxenbichler

{"title":"The \"oldest and the newest of nurses\": Nursing and the Professionalization of Obstetrics and Gynecology.","authors":"Maria Daxenbichler","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad032","url":null,"abstract":"When in the late nineteenth century American physicians increasingly replaced midwives in the care of obstetrical and gynecological patients, they could do so only because they were aided by another emerging group of healthcare professionals: nurses. Nurses were instrumental in assisting physicians in the care of patients in labor and during recovery. They were also necessary for male physicians because the vast majority of nurses were women and their presence during gynecological and obstetrical treatments made it more socially acceptable for men to examine female patients. In hospital schools in the northeast and through long-distance nursing programs, physicians taught students about obstetrical nursing and instructed them to protect the modesty of female patients. They also tried to instill strict professional hierarchies between nurses and physicians, emphasizing that nurses should never attempt to deliver a patient without a physician. But as nursing emerged into a unique professional practice separate from that of physicians, nurses were able to negotiate better education in the care of laboring patients. In order to take over women's sexual and reproductive health care from traditional providers, physicians conceded to nurses' demands for more authority in patient care.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"23-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9636150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Primary Health Care and Foreign Aid: A Tale of Two Germanys. 初级卫生保健与外国援助：两个德国的故事

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad034

Walter Bruchhausen, Iris Borowy

{"title":"Primary Health Care and Foreign Aid: A Tale of Two Germanys.","authors":"Walter Bruchhausen, Iris Borowy","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad034","url":null,"abstract":"The Declaration of Alma-Ata remains one of the momentous documents of public health. Its origins lie both in postwar efforts to improve population health in low-income countries and in social medicine promoted decades earlier in Europe. For industrialized countries in East and West, Alma-Ata, therefore, should have provided health-related guidelines both for domestic and foreign policy, though political interpretations of the social components of medicine and health differed. Due to its unique history of ideologically informed division after 1945, Germany forms a fascinating case study. Important German contributions to the early social medicine discourse fed into ideas of primary health care, the basis of the Alma-Ata process. However, the concept found little resonance in domestic policies. After World War II, the two Germanys chose different paths for health systems but were similarly reluctant to address the social dimension of health in their cooperation with Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In the 1970s, new international health concepts and civil society discussions about \"development aid\" caused changes in West German policies. No such discussions took place in the German Democratic Republic (GDR), where Alma-Ata was interpreted as a confirmation of the domestic health system. Thus, ironically, West German health workers pursued a keener policy of principles of social medicine in their partner countries than the GDR government, which considered its role in the global transformation of health care mainly fulfilled by serving as a model.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"65-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9692325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0