{"title":"The \"oldest and the newest of nurses\": Nursing and the Professionalization of Obstetrics and Gynecology.","authors":"Maria Daxenbichler","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When in the late nineteenth century American physicians increasingly replaced midwives in the care of obstetrical and gynecological patients, they could do so only because they were aided by another emerging group of healthcare professionals: nurses. Nurses were instrumental in assisting physicians in the care of patients in labor and during recovery. They were also necessary for male physicians because the vast majority of nurses were women and their presence during gynecological and obstetrical treatments made it more socially acceptable for men to examine female patients. In hospital schools in the northeast and through long-distance nursing programs, physicians taught students about obstetrical nursing and instructed them to protect the modesty of female patients. They also tried to instill strict professional hierarchies between nurses and physicians, emphasizing that nurses should never attempt to deliver a patient without a physician. But as nursing emerged into a unique professional practice separate from that of physicians, nurses were able to negotiate better education in the care of laboring patients. In order to take over women's sexual and reproductive health care from traditional providers, physicians conceded to nurses' demands for more authority in patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"23-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9636150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Primary Health Care and Foreign Aid: A Tale of Two Germanys.","authors":"Walter Bruchhausen, Iris Borowy","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Declaration of Alma-Ata remains one of the momentous documents of public health. Its origins lie both in postwar efforts to improve population health in low-income countries and in social medicine promoted decades earlier in Europe. For industrialized countries in East and West, Alma-Ata, therefore, should have provided health-related guidelines both for domestic and foreign policy, though political interpretations of the social components of medicine and health differed. Due to its unique history of ideologically informed division after 1945, Germany forms a fascinating case study. Important German contributions to the early social medicine discourse fed into ideas of primary health care, the basis of the Alma-Ata process. However, the concept found little resonance in domestic policies. After World War II, the two Germanys chose different paths for health systems but were similarly reluctant to address the social dimension of health in their cooperation with Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In the 1970s, new international health concepts and civil society discussions about \"development aid\" caused changes in West German policies. No such discussions took place in the German Democratic Republic (GDR), where Alma-Ata was interpreted as a confirmation of the domestic health system. Thus, ironically, West German health workers pursued a keener policy of principles of social medicine in their partner countries than the GDR government, which considered its role in the global transformation of health care mainly fulfilled by serving as a model.</p>","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"65-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9692325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anita Guerrini, Experimenting with Humans and Animals: From Aristotle to CRISPR","authors":"Elena Conis","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lucille A. Lester, Women and the Practice of Medicine: A New History (1950-2020)","authors":"Jessica Leigh Hester","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" 58","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138620355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Andrew Scull, Desperate Remedies: Psychiatry’s Turbulent Quest to Cure Mental Illness","authors":"Victoria N Meyer","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad075","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":"113 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138622326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Capitalizing a Cure: How Finance Controls the Price and Value of Medicines. Victor Roy","authors":"Erin L Paterson","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139229653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Envisioning African Intersex: Challenging Colonial and Racist Legacies in South African Medicine, Amanda Lock Swarr","authors":"Jacob Ivey","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad078","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139252806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Life Worth Living: Disability, Pain, and Morality, Joel Michael Reynolds","authors":"Alexandra Pucciarelli","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Contagion of Liberty: The Politics of Smallpox in the American Revolution, Andrew M. Wehrman","authors":"S. Naramore","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":"BC-29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Blood Relations: Transfusion and the Making of Human Genetics, Jenny Bangham","authors":"Aisling Shalvey","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad070","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}