Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences最新文献

Pathologizing Pathos: Suffering, Technocentrism, and Law in Twentieth-Century American Medicine. 病态化:20世纪美国医学中的痛苦、技术中心主义和法律。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad067

Charlotte Duffee

{"title":"Pathologizing Pathos: Suffering, Technocentrism, and Law in Twentieth-Century American Medicine.","authors":"Charlotte Duffee","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad067","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad067","url":null,"abstract":"In the second half of the twentieth century, concerns about problems in the doctor-patient relationship gave way to a new medical discourse on suffering, owed largely to the work of American physician Eric Cassell. This article tracks the development of his theory of suffering and its global success in transforming tragic medical experiences into diagnosable clinical entities. Beginning with his intellectual development in the 1960s, this article traces Cassell's initial interest in suffering first to his early research on truth-telling and autonomy, followed by his pioneering work in bioethics. Although closely aligned with philosophy, much of the institutional success of bioethics came from American law, which affected Cassell's theorizing. At the same time, doctors experienced a growth in medical malpractice lawsuits, driven in large part by costly \"pain and suffering\" awards, which the medical community sought to curb by encouraging legislatures to codify informed consent. The success of these efforts mandated that doctors disclose previously withheld bad news capable of causing suffering. The cultural changes that followed these disclosures became Cassell's impetus, while legal pain and suffering supplied much of his theory's language and concepts.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"169-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89720307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"A Vile Custom": The Strange Career of William Osler's "Professional Notes". “卑劣的习俗”:威廉·奥斯勒“专业笔记”的奇特生涯。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad072

Jenna Healey

引用次数: 0

Exploring Racial Disparities in the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: A Case Study of Durham, North Carolina. 探索 1918 年流感大流行中的种族差异：北卡罗来纳州达勒姆案例研究》。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad066

Mallory Bryant, Jeffrey Baker

{"title":"Exploring Racial Disparities in the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: A Case Study of Durham, North Carolina.","authors":"Mallory Bryant, Jeffrey Baker","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad066","url":null,"abstract":"The paradox of excess mortality among White Americans during the 1918 influenza pandemic has long puzzled historians and scientists. Recent scholarship has suggested that this disparity was not true for the country as a whole, but rather regional variation was observed. The factors influencing these disparities remain speculative. A case study was conducted of Durham, North Carolina, a city known nationally for the achievements of its Black middle class, to further explore these themes relying on numerous sources including newspapers and death certificates. Though Durham's overall mortality was lower than many places in North Carolina, the White mortality rate greatly exceeded that of the Black population. Previously described theories, including Alfred Crosby's exposure hypothesis and segregation, were explored. The most notable difference between Durham's pandemic narrative and other comparable towns was the robust healthcare response, which was made possible by the excellence of the Black nursing force from Lincoln Hospital. Nursing care was the best treatment available for the 1918 influenza, but most of the nation experienced severe nursing shortages due to the war effort. This study thus provides an example of how the Black health community has proven an active agent in countering the structural forces driving racial disparities.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"126-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139099096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Operative Innovation and Surgical Conservatism in Twentieth-Century Ulcer Surgery. 二十世纪溃疡外科的手术创新与手术保守。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad065

Christopher Crenner

{"title":"Operative Innovation and Surgical Conservatism in Twentieth-Century Ulcer Surgery.","authors":"Christopher Crenner","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad065","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad065","url":null,"abstract":"Peptic ulcers were a common, and seemingly intractable, problem for surgeons in the US through the early twentieth century. Initial surgical efforts reduced operative mortality and achieved short term successes but failed to establish a definitive solution. The flawed successes of early ulcer surgery drove sustained effort to improve, producing a stream of novel operations over the decades. An examination of the history of ulcer surgery confirms the recent observation that surgical operations of this period were malleable entities subject to constant tinkering and repurposing. Yet, this dynamism in surgical practice remained in tension with conservative pressures, as surgeons hung on to familiar practices and sought to codify agreement on which operation served best for which purpose. Ulcer surgery became a workshop for attempts to resolve this tension. In this context, a canon of recognized operations emerged that accommodated novelties while preserving in surgical discourse an awareness of older operations. Established operations that fell from use literally remained on the books for decades. This compromise between innovation and operative conservatism favored the creative reuse of older ulcer operations, some repurposed, and some combined with other operations in new modular configurations. Ulcer surgery demonstrated recurring patterns of operative repurposing, reconfiguration, and modular recombination. This feature of twentieth-century ulcer surgery also highlights the attachment in modern surgical culture to the historicity of their endeavor, manifested for example in the wide use of eponyms and a fondness for deep genealogies of mentoring and training.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"150-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41218040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"Frank Antagonism to Patterned Organization": Medical Technology, Professional Power, and the Development of US Medical Device Regulation, 1950-1976. “对模式化组织的坦率对抗”：医疗技术、专业力量和美国医疗器械法规的发展，1950-1976。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jraf001

Brice Bowrey

引用次数: 0

Musk and Ambergris Aphrodisiacs in the Premodern Intercultural Origins of Endocrine Pharmacy. 麝香和龙涎香的催情剂在内分泌药学的前现代跨文化起源。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae036

Alison M Downham Moore

{"title":"Musk and Ambergris Aphrodisiacs in the Premodern Intercultural Origins of Endocrine Pharmacy.","authors":"Alison M Downham Moore","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrae036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrae036","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the historical uses of two animal medicines that are understood in current biomedicine to have potential endocrine activity: deer musk and whale ambergris, which were prized as aphrodisiacs in the early-modern world. It diverges from the focus in existing scholarship on nineteenth-century gonadal organotherapy as the precursor for the modern discovery of the sex-steroid hormones, looking instead at the older examples of deer musk and whale ambergris that were commonly prescribed both in medieval Islamicate and early-modern European Christianate medical sources. The early-modern Latin, French, German and English description of these substances as fertility, aphrodisiac, and rejuvenative remedies indicates a direct exchange of pharmacological concepts and substances relating to the human sexual and reproductive systems between Europe and the Middle East from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. The article explores how musk and ambergris were used in early-modern Western medicine, and how knowledge of them circulated across cultures. I argue that musk and ambergris, which were both thought to have effects on vitality, fertility, and potency in medieval Middle Eastern and early-modern European traditions, trouble the view of the origins of sex-steroid hormone endocrinology as deriving purely from modern European gonadal opotherapy. The valuing of these substances as fertility, vitality, and aphrodisiac remedies in the work of early-modern European physicians was indicative of both the globalization of medical knowledge, and an increased commercial trade in pharmacological material goods, confirming the view of medical globalization as a multi-directional historical process constituted in both conceptual and material terms.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Invasion: The Construction of an Invasive Animal Threatening a "Healthy" Great Lakes Ecosystem. 海七鳃鳗（Petromyzon marinus）入侵：一种威胁“健康”大湖生态系统的入侵动物。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae046

Vincent Bijman

引用次数: 0

Collective Forgetting of American Vaginal Breech Delivery. 美国阴道臀位分娩的集体遗忘。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae034

Tzipy Lazar-Shoef, Noah Jonathan Efron, Nadav Davidovitch

{"title":"Collective Forgetting of American Vaginal Breech Delivery.","authors":"Tzipy Lazar-Shoef, Noah Jonathan Efron, Nadav Davidovitch","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrae034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrae034","url":null,"abstract":"When asked why nearly all doctors refer their breech cases to surgery, despite non-surgical breech birth being permitted throughout the United States, an obstetrician will likely cite the Term Breech Trial (TBT). This study, conducted in 2000, decisively concluded that planned cesarean delivery is safer than vaginal breech delivery. However, a review of the literature suggests that the decline of vaginal breech deliveries was a long time in the making. From the 1950s, once the perceived risks of breech births were accepted as a fact, numerous studies advocated more liberal use of cesarean delivery for breech babies and suggested strategies to limit vaginal breech births. By the late 1970s, as the majority of breech patients underwent surgery, a vicious cycle of collective forgetting began. Hospitals and medical training programs abandoned the non-surgical option, leaving younger generations of unskilled doctors reluctant to perform the complex procedure. As health organizations criticized the overuse of cesarean sections in the ensuing decades, obstetricians faced a growing dilemma in breech management, continuing to perform surgeries even while questioning their benefits. The 2000 study sanctioned this existing state of practice, which had been evolving over decades and in which collective forgetting played a crucial part.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Treating Opium Addiction in China: Medical Missionaries, Chinese Medicine, and the State, 1830-1910. 在中国治疗鸦片成瘾：医学传教士、中医和国家，1830-1910。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae049

Shihan Zheng

引用次数: 0

Famished for Freedom: Pellagra and Medical Clemency at the Mississippi State Penitentiary. 渴求自由：密西西比州立监狱的糙皮病和医疗赦免。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae048

Dana Landress

{"title":"Famished for Freedom: Pellagra and Medical Clemency at the Mississippi State Penitentiary.","authors":"Dana Landress","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrae048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrae048","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a case study of one medical experiment conducted in 1915 by the United States Public Health Service in collaboration with the Mississippi State Penitentiary. The experiment was non-therapeutic and its objective was to induce pellagra (a vitamin deficiency disease) in twelve healthy White male prisoners to confirm its etiology. Extant archival records produced by the convict participants, state politicians, and health researchers underscore that the men selected for the pellagra experiment were unique among incarcerated people in Mississippi at the time: they were White, wealthy, and politically well-connected. This paper contends that the convict participants leveraged a wide range of social and political connections to secure their participation in the pellagra experiment as an expeditious pathway to pre-arranged executive pardon, a phenomenon that I term medical clemency. By situating the 1915 pellagra prison experiment amid the broader landscape of incarceration, public health research, and systems of political patronage in Mississippi, this paper highlights the ways in which penal systems are embedded in broader social and political contexts. Not only did the experiment exacerbate pre-existing social inequalities behind bars, it also had lasting consequences for those involved in prison medical research - namely, the power to determine which kinds of convicts could ultimately re-enter the social order.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0