Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences最新文献

Gerbils without Borders: Invasiveness, Plague, and Micro-Global Histories of Science, 1932-1939.

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae041

Jules Skotnes-Brown, Matheus Alves Duarte da Silva

{"title":"Gerbils without Borders: Invasiveness, Plague, and Micro-Global Histories of Science, 1932-1939.","authors":"Jules Skotnes-Brown, Matheus Alves Duarte da Silva","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrae041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrae041","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1930s, a series of bubonic plague outbreaks among humans cropped up in several villages at the border of Angola and Namibia. These outbreaks provoked deep concern, laying bare social and political tensions amongst neighboring imperial powers and Indigenous people within the region. Despite the appearance of this disease in what was then considered a recondite place, its spread sparked debate in transnational forums, such as the League of Nations and the Office International d'Hygiène Publique. Drawing upon archival records in Namibia, South Africa, Portugal, the United States, and the United Kingdom, this article argues that concerns over the spread of plague across land borders led to the development of a nascent invasive species framework which indicted border-crossing \"migrant\" South African gerbils for the international spread of the disease. It follows the transnational political and scientific dynamics created by the plague \"invasion\" and discusses how these, like the gerbils, crossed numerous borders and scales. Ultimately, this article shows how localized inter-species and inter-imperial encounters can provide empirical insights into the feasibilities of a micro-global history of science in which more-than-human actors take on an important role.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Ill-bred Culture of Experimentation: Malaria Therapy and Race in the United States Public Health Service Laboratory at the South Carolina State Hospital, 1932-1952. 缺乏教养的实验文化:1932-1952年南卡罗来纳州医院美国公共卫生服务实验室的疟疾治疗和种族。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad063

Bradford Charles Pelletier

{"title":"An Ill-bred Culture of Experimentation: Malaria Therapy and Race in the United States Public Health Service Laboratory at the South Carolina State Hospital, 1932-1952.","authors":"Bradford Charles Pelletier","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad063","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad063","url":null,"abstract":"While most are aware of the Tuskegee syphilis experiments in which African American syphilis patients went untreated, less is known about experiments with malaria fever therapy conducted upon syphilis patients during the same period by the Unites States Public Health Service at the Williams Laboratory on the grounds of the South Carolina State Hospital (SCSH) in Columbia, SC. Over a twenty-year period, physicians maintained patients as malaria reservoirs for patient-to-patient inoculation and subjected patients to extreme fevers and thousands upon thousands of insect bites as part of a program in which one disease was tested as therapy for another. Using extant administrative files, medical journals from the period, and a database created from SCSH annual reports, this paper considers the ethics of malaria fever therapy experiments while exposing the conditions under which patients suffered the intersecting oppressions of race, class, and mental illness. It illuminates the prevalent scientific racism of the period that enabled pseudo-medical assumptions about African Americans' perceived penchant for poverty, deviant sex, and pain tolerance, which combined to enable a culture of experimentation that influenced events at Stateville Penitentiary and continued long after penicillin became widely available.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"67-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89720306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Notes from the Front: The Casebook of a Renaissance Hospital Surgeon. 前面的笔记：文艺复兴医院外科医生的案例手册。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad064

Sharon Strocchia

{"title":"Notes from the Front: The Casebook of a Renaissance Hospital Surgeon.","authors":"Sharon Strocchia","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad064","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad064","url":null,"abstract":"This essay uses the unpublished casebook kept by the Tuscan surgeon Giovanbattista Nardi to examine the provision of urgent medical care in sixteenth-century Italian hospitals. Most major hospitals on the peninsula maintained separate therapeutic spaces known as medicherie for this purpose. Written in the 1580s while Nardi worked as a staff surgeon at a Florentine civic hospital, this rare surgical casebook provides insight into the types of institutional resources devoted to acute medical problems; the clientele seeking immediate assistance and the situations that brought them there; the treatments used to achieve short-term \"cures\"; and the clinical experiences of hospital surgeons who served as frontline healers. A close analysis of the seventy-nine cases recorded sheds new light on everyday surgical treatments for conditions ranging from serious head injuries requiring trephination to syphilitic lesions and genital trauma. Casebook entries also reveal Nardi's deep engagement with the composition and use of topical remedies as both practitioner and experimenter. Intended as a memory aid for future reference, the casebook shows material traces of the author's shifting occupational identity as he matured from hospital surgeon to university-trained physician. Viewed through multiple lenses, this richly layered source expands our understanding of both the practice and profession of early modern surgery.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41240376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Evidence for a Cholera Vaccine? Jaime Ferrán's Submissions to the Prix Bréant. 霍乱疫苗的证据是什么？Jaime Ferrán向布雷昂大奖赛提交的参赛作品。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad062

Clara Uzcanga, David Teira

引用次数: 0

Town Planning, Housing, and the Politics of Sanitation and Public Health in the Gold Coast (Colonial Ghana), c. 1880 - 1950. 《黄金海岸（殖民地加纳）的城镇规划、住房和卫生与公共卫生政治》，约1880-1950年。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad057

Akwasi Kwarteng Amoako-Gyampah

{"title":"Town Planning, Housing, and the Politics of Sanitation and Public Health in the Gold Coast (Colonial Ghana), c. 1880 - 1950.","authors":"Akwasi Kwarteng Amoako-Gyampah","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad057","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad057","url":null,"abstract":"Colonial officials remarked disparagingly about the nature of houses and what they presented as congested layouts in Gold Coast communities. Subsequently, drawing on nineteenth-century epidemiological theory that connected diseases and poor health to defective housing and congested settlements, the colonial administration introduced measures to redesign and reorder Gold Coast communities. This article examines the connection between colonial town planning and housing measures and the politics of sanitation and public health in the Gold Coast. It argues that the colonial state's imposition of imported British town planning measures, building techniques, and housing styles in the Gold Coast and their aspiration to compel Gold Coast people to build and pattern their communities along so-called sanitary lines could not be fully realised. Thus, the extent to which colonial town planning and the accompanying transformations in African building styles improved sanitation and consequently, public health, is difficult to determine. Nonetheless, this study reveals that the local population's holistic approaches to spatial designing and planning of their communities and their building styles were somewhat altered by the colonial imposition of eurocentric town planning policies and building styles.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"42-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41153490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Rat's Progress: Plague and the "Migratory Rat" in British India, 1896-1899.

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae044

Christos Lynteris

{"title":"A Rat's Progress: Plague and the \"Migratory Rat\" in British India, 1896-1899.","authors":"Christos Lynteris","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrae044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrae044","url":null,"abstract":"Whether referring to oceanic travel on board of ships or to movement in terra firma, framings of the \"migratory rat\" formed a key epidemiological component of approaches to the Third Plague Pandemic (1894-1959) as the first pandemic to be understood as caused by a zoonotic disease. In this article, I examine the emergence and development of scientific framings of the migratory rat in the first, explosive years of the third plague pandemic in India (1896-1899). Examining publications and archival sources, I ask how this animal figure came to inform and transform epidemiological reasoning. Going beyond established approaches that have shown how the rat-plague relation was mobilised by colonial doctors to pathologise Indigenous lifeways, I argue that more complex and ambivalent processes were also set in motion by this figure. First, I show how the migratory rat became invested with attributes of invasiveness that assumed ontological qualities in colonial epidemiological reasoning. Second, comparing the migratory rat with the hitherto established \"staggering rat,\" I argue that the former embodied new approaches to both space and time in epidemiology. Third, I show how Indigenous scientists came to mobilise this complex figure to contest colonial approaches to plague.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Invasive Species, Health, and Global History Afterword: The Disavowal of Human Agency.

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae047

Sabine Clarke

引用次数: 0

"Covering For Our City Blight": Kudzu and Public Health in Atlanta, 1979-1994.

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae045

Kenneth Reilly

{"title":"\"Covering For Our City Blight\": Kudzu and Public Health in Atlanta, 1979-1994.","authors":"Kenneth Reilly","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrae045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrae045","url":null,"abstract":"Kudzu, a perennial climbing vine and invasive species to the American South, occupied a unique space in the city of Atlanta, Georgia as a danger to public health from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. This article examines why municipal authorities understood the vine as a threat to public health. Kudzu's ability to smother surfaces allowed it to conceal murdered people and serve as a habitat for rats, snakes, and mosquitos, making it a direct threat to public safety in the eyes of public health authorities. Kudzu also grew extensively in vacant lots where city officials were trying to promote the city as progressive and prosperous. The city council voted in support of an ordinance against extensive growths of the vine, but eradication produced its own challenges: kudzu removal was expensive, and permanent eradication required large investments in time. Unhoused people also relied on the vine for shelter, which meant that eradication directly affected their safety. Examining how municipal authorities framed kudzu as a threat to public health, this article demonstrates that the vine's status as a health risk lay in how it unintentionally clashed with the promoted image of Atlanta as a business-friendly city with harmonious relationships among its citizens.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Furry, Feral, Foe: Temporalizing Heath and Invasion on an English Chalk Stream.

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae043

Maddy Pearson

{"title":"Furry, Feral, Foe: Temporalizing Heath and Invasion on an English Chalk Stream.","authors":"Maddy Pearson","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrae043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrae043","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores framings of life, death, health, and invasion on an English chalk stream. It focuses on the ways in which these notions have been put to work in recent history, in relation to each other, and in relation to particular species and spaces. By 2019, narratives of a chalk stream in South-East England as a dead river expanded beyond retort to intermittent waterlessness. The river's death came to be framed as part of a wider ecology of chalk stream (ill)health, influenced by twenty-first century biodiversity conservation narratives and hauntological effects, which rendered deathly chalk stream futures present and requiring of human-action now. These narratives and effects conditioned a powerful sense of which non-human life belonged and counted, and which non-human life did not. Absent flagship chalk stream species, water voles, and efforts to resurrect them, were made synonymous with restoring the river itself to life and health. Contrarily, the ongoing presence of \"invasive\" American mink served as a continued reminder of the river's demise and death as a chalk stream. The resurrection of chalk streams to health relied on their being dispatched. Once considered to belong as extracted \"lively capital\" dominating the fur industry and later tolerated as feral escapees in the wild of the UK, American mink had been resituated and their history progressively obscured. Humans became manager-come-saviors of chalk streams, whose lost health was agreed and rendered visible through the ghostly image of the water vole that must be saved from the invasive foe, American mink.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction: Invasive Species, Global Health, and Colonial Legacies.

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae042

Jules Skotnes-Brown, Christos Lynteris

引用次数: 0