Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences最新文献

"A microcosm of every other issue": How Social Workers Recognized and Responded to the Needs of HIV-affected Families with Children in Britain, 1981-1997. “其他问题的缩影”：1981-1997年，英国社会工作者如何认识和回应受艾滋病毒影响的有孩子的家庭的需求。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrag019

Hannah J Elizabeth

{"title":"\"A microcosm of every other issue\": How Social Workers Recognized and Responded to the Needs of HIV-affected Families with Children in Britain, 1981-1997.","authors":"Hannah J Elizabeth","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrag019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrag019","url":null,"abstract":"This article tracks the emergence of specific social work policies and practices designed to meet the needs of HIV-affected families with children. The article outlines the tense atmosphere into which HIV-related family social work emerged. It then describes how HIV-affected children and their families were first recognized as a specific client group with a unique constellation of needs, outlining the scramble to assess the statutory services' obligation to this emerging group, and the work to create new information, policies, and texts to meet these responsibilities. These texts envisioned the social workers' roles as that of carer, mediator, collaborator, information provider, and advocate, offering guidance on the medical and social dimensions of HIV and AIDS, alongside warnings about the emotional toll this work took on workers and the pitfalls of prejudice. The final section of the article examines how social workers met the needs of HIV-affected families with children on the ground, looking at how the needs of parents and children in Edinburgh were met through collaborative work between statutory and voluntary workers, alongside those living with HIV.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Rise, Fall, and Laser Resurrection of the "Snake Heart" Operation. “蛇心”行动的兴起、衰落和激光复活。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-04-28 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrag017

David S Jones

{"title":"The Rise, Fall, and Laser Resurrection of the \"Snake Heart\" Operation.","authors":"David S Jones","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrag017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrag017","url":null,"abstract":"In 1964 Bombay surgeon P.K. Sen proposed a new operation for coronary artery disease. His \"snake heart\" procedure (or \"transmyocardial acupuncture\") sought to restore a reptilian form of circulation to the human heart. Despite its peculiar therapeutic rationale and limited evidence of its efficacy, the operation was taken up by surgeons around the world. By 1970, however, it had been set aside, done in by critique and a new competitor. Sen's therapeutic concept was surprisingly revived a decade later, not because of a better rationale or convincing evidence of efficacy, but because of the advent of surgical lasers. This case study highlights important features of late-twentieth-century surgery. First, what are the sources of surgical innovation and inspiration? Second, how does science travel? Sen's ability to push his technique onto the world stage was made possible by a Cold War culture of international travel and surgical training. Third, how do doctors judge therapeutic efficacy? Surgeons accepted Sen's operation because of their expansive physiological imaginary and their willingness to consider diverse and subjective therapeutic outcomes. Fourth, what drives therapeutic enthusiasm? Surgeons revived Sen's technique not because of new faith in the procedure but because lasers allowed them to pursue his therapeutic mission with an alluring new tool.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chinese-Iranian Medical Exchanges During the Yuan Dynasty: A Historical Perspective. 元代中国-伊朗医学交流：一个历史的视角。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-04-24 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrag018

Ehsan Doostmohammadi

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Safe Sex and the Debate over Condoms on Campus in the 1980s: Sperm Busters at Harvard and Protection Connection at the University of Texas at Austin. 更正：安全性行为与 20 世纪 80 年代校园中关于安全套的争论：哈佛大学的 "精子克星 "与德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的 "保护联系"。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-04-11 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae038

引用次数: 0

Fearing Meningitis: Disease, Emotions and the Spotted Fever Epidemics of 1904-1907. 害怕脑膜炎：1904-1907年的疾病、情绪和斑疹热流行病。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-04-11 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae039

Ian Miller

引用次数: 0

Contagious Vibrations: Sympathetic Resonance as a Model for Disease Transmission in the Writings of Ficino, Fracastoro, and Cardano. 传染性振动：交感共振作为菲奇诺、弗拉卡斯托洛和卡尔达诺著作中疾病传播的模型。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-04-11 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae023

Remi Chiu

引用次数: 0

Animal Trauma and the Creation of a Rinderpest Epidemic in German East Africa. 动物创伤和牛瘟流行在德属东非的产生。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-04-02 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrag016

Thaddeus Sunseri

{"title":"Animal Trauma and the Creation of a Rinderpest Epidemic in German East Africa.","authors":"Thaddeus Sunseri","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrag016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrag016","url":null,"abstract":"In 1912 officials in German East Africa reported that rinderpest, the most feared cattle scourge, had invaded for the first time since the 1890s African panzootic. This acknowledgment launched an expensive vaccination campaign and the creation of a veterinary infrastructure after years of neglect. Despite reports that rinderpest had been present in the region for several years, Germans nevertheless considered it an external threat, constructing disease laws accordingly. Modern virologists believe that rinderpest had been enzootic in colonial Tanzania since the 1890s, causing low mortality, afflicting animals with no prior exposure. African cattle keepers also believed the disease was the same as that of the 1890s. German resistance to recognizing rinderpest before 1912 owed to their faith in injection trials to verify a virus, and their failure to understand that enzootic rinderpest behaved differently than it did during prior epidemics. Moreover, colonial policies that traumatized animals, including landscape engineering, disease controls, wildlife slaughter, the commodifying of cattle, trade violence, and colonial warfare helped enzootic rinderpest become epidemic. The rinderpest campaign itself caused animal distress through mass vaccination and branding. While historians understand how colonial rule exacerbated human health by creating stress and compromising immunity, the same understanding has not been applied to animal health.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epidemic times: epidemic ontologies and temporalities in medieval islamic medicine. 流行病时代：中世纪伊斯兰医学中的流行病本体论和时代性。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-03-30 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrag005

Ahmed Ragab

引用次数: 0

Defense and disaster medicine: civil contingencies and natural disasters in Swedish civil defense. 国防和灾害医学：瑞典民防中的民事突发事件和自然灾害。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-03-30 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrag010

Fredrik Bertilsson

{"title":"Defense and disaster medicine: civil contingencies and natural disasters in Swedish civil defense.","authors":"Fredrik Bertilsson","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrag010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrag010","url":null,"abstract":"As in many other countries, Swedish defense during the Cold War was primarily organized around the perceived threat of war, including the potential use of nuclear weapons. This article shifts attention from such scenarios to the ways in which civil contingencies and natural disasters were conceptualized as knowledge objects within the emerging field of defense and disaster medicine. Their incorporation into Sweden's preparedness agenda signaled a broader and more multifaceted understanding of protection and security within the scientific advisory system of the Swedish defense. By centering medical knowledge production on these hazards, the article offers new insights into the role of medical expertise in Swedish preparedness, while simultaneously shifting focus away from a war-centered narrative of Cold War defense investments. The empirical exploration spans the period from the late 1950s, when a comprehensive governmental inquiry into Swedish defense medicine led to the establishment of the Delegation for Applied Medical Defense Research [Försvarsmedicinska forskningsdelegationen] and subsequently the Organizing Committee for Disaster Medicine [Katastrofmedicinska organisationskommittén] (Kamedo) in the first half of the 1960s. The study concludes in the mid-1970s, when the Delegation was incorporated into the Swedish Defense Research Establishment [Försvarets forskningsanstalt] (FOA).","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Long History of Misconduct on the Medical Licensing Examination in the United States. 美国医师执照考试中不当行为的悠久历史。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrag001

David Alan Johnson

{"title":"The Long History of Misconduct on the Medical Licensing Examination in the United States.","authors":"David Alan Johnson","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrag001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrag001","url":null,"abstract":"A written examination for medical licensure developed in nearly every state in the late nineteenth century. Cheating behaviors (e.g., copying, test proxies, attempted pre-access) emerged soon after. State medical boards adopted mechanisms to deter and detect such behaviors. The twentieth-century shift to nationally administered exams (NBME Parts, FLEX, USMLE) saw a continuation of exam misconduct despite the application of greater controls and data forensic analyses. Two features characterize historical and contemporary misconduct on the medical licensing examination: infrequency and persistence. Though exam misconduct appears modest in scope (national data exists only for the last 30 years), its impact extends beyond infrequency to include risk to the broader medical licensing system and even patient outcomes. Evidence presented here makes clear that the soft underbelly of historical and contemporary exam security was the human element: lapses in following procedures designed to protect the licensing and examination systems but also a general belief that a security breach happens elsewhere. The infrequency of the behavior is remembered but the documented persistence of cheating behaviors is forgotten.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147367301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0