Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences最新文献_第2页

Working Vacations and Adventure: American Women Physician Volunteers to the Labrador Mission of Wilfred Grenfell Before 1914. 工作假期与冒险：1914 年前威尔弗雷德-格伦费尔在拉布拉多传教的美国女医师志愿者。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-07-08 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae031

Jennifer J Connor

{"title":"Working Vacations and Adventure: American Women Physician Volunteers to the Labrador Mission of Wilfred Grenfell Before 1914.","authors":"Jennifer J Connor","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrae031","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrae031","url":null,"abstract":"Many accounts, autobiographical and scholarly, emphasize how volunteers portrayed their work in the mission established for fishers by British physician Wilfred Grenfell in Newfoundland and Labrador: as escapist adventure. Scholars have not studied women physicians or their motivations to volunteer, however. This oversight derives from their small number combined with lack of knowledge about this mission's distinction from the foreign medical missions and domestic frontier missions that drew many women physicians to permanent positions. This study therefore discusses two American physicians, Alfreda B. Withington (1860-1951) and Emma E. Musson (1862-1913), who volunteered for summer service with this mission in 1907 and 1909, respectively. Through their publications, biographical sources, and clinical accounts, it reveals the appeal to them of such temporary, accessible volunteer service as a working vacation that rejuvenated. Importantly, it counters the skewed perspective of contemporary accounts in which the connection of Withington and Musson to an international celebrity, Wilfred Grenfell, overrode fuller considerations of their own lives, careers, and experiences. Finally, this examination suggests possible differences in their volunteerism between women physicians and their male counterparts: along with other women professionals, medical women often incorporated volunteer vacation experience into a continuum of similar endeavors in their careers.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"231-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13341264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Collective Forgetting of American Vaginal Breech Delivery. 美国阴道臀位分娩的集体遗忘。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-07-08 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae034

Tzipy Lazar-Shoef, Noah Jonathan Efron, Nadav Davidovitch

{"title":"Collective Forgetting of American Vaginal Breech Delivery.","authors":"Tzipy Lazar-Shoef, Noah Jonathan Efron, Nadav Davidovitch","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrae034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrae034","url":null,"abstract":"When asked why nearly all doctors refer their breech cases to surgery, despite non-surgical breech birth being permitted throughout the United States, an obstetrician will likely cite the Term Breech Trial (TBT). This study, conducted in 2000, decisively concluded that planned cesarean delivery is safer than vaginal breech delivery. However, a review of the literature suggests that the decline of vaginal breech deliveries was a long time in the making. From the 1950s, once the perceived risks of breech births were accepted as a fact, numerous studies advocated more liberal use of cesarean delivery for breech babies and suggested strategies to limit vaginal breech births. By the late 1970s, as the majority of breech patients underwent surgery, a vicious cycle of collective forgetting began. Hospitals and medical training programs abandoned the non-surgical option, leaving younger generations of unskilled doctors reluctant to perform the complex procedure. As health organizations criticized the overuse of cesarean sections in the ensuing decades, obstetricians faced a growing dilemma in breech management, continuing to perform surgeries even while questioning their benefits. The 2000 study sanctioned this existing state of practice, which had been evolving over decades and in which collective forgetting played a crucial part.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"322-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"Nerves Need Nourishment": Advertising Phospho-Energon Pills in Early Twentieth-Century Sweden. "神经需要营养"：二十世纪初瑞典的磷精力丸广告。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-07-08 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae033

Lauren Alex O'Hagan, Leif Runefelt

引用次数: 0

Utopia of Safe Air: How Soviet Research Challenged Western Air Quality Norms, 1950s-1960s. 安全空气的乌托邦：20 世纪 50 年代至 60 年代苏联研究如何挑战西方空气质量标准》（Utopia of Safe Air: How Soviet Research Challenged Western Air Quality Norms, 1950s-1960s.

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-07-08 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae035

Janne Mäkiranta

{"title":"Utopia of Safe Air: How Soviet Research Challenged Western Air Quality Norms, 1950s-1960s.","authors":"Janne Mäkiranta","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrae035","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrae035","url":null,"abstract":"During the mid-twentieth century, the Soviet Union developed ambitious hygiene standards for clean air that were grounded in extremely sensitive methods of physiological research. As Western experts sought to develop universal standards for environmental regulation, Soviet hygiene research posed a challenge. This article examines the discussions surrounding the Soviet approach at international conferences on air pollution and industrial hygiene during the mid-twentieth century. The article shows that although the Soviet approach was rejected especially by United States experts, many of its qualities resonated with the ongoing discussions about environmental health in the US. The sensitive and holistic methods of the Soviets were compelling in the effort to reveal the most subtle effects environments had on human health. This article shows how the rejection of Soviet standards stemmed not from different scientific methods but from the differences in the overall ideals of environmental regulation. I argue that Soviet hygiene can be seen as an extreme version of technocratic expertise, and its failure highlights the limits of scientific expertise in managing environmental pollution.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"282-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13341231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prescribing Information: Elizabeth B. Connell, the Pill, and the (Woman) Patient's Peace of Mind. 处方信息：伊丽莎白-B-康奈尔、避孕药和（女性）患者的安心。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-07-08 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae032

Jiemin Tina Wei

{"title":"Prescribing Information: Elizabeth B. Connell, the Pill, and the (Woman) Patient's Peace of Mind.","authors":"Jiemin Tina Wei","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrae032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrae032","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, commercialized reproductive technologies experienced a reputational crisis as news about the hormonal birth control pill's possible side effects reportedly caused 18-30% of women to stop taking it. While secondary literature has followed patients' and legislatures' actions, few histories have focused on physicians' responses. How did physicians manage this public crisis of confidence? This article contributes to existing literature through a backstage look at the work of Elizabeth B. Connell (1925-2018), whose wide-ranging career in medicine, academia, government, industry consulting, and popular writing embroiled her at the center of these controversies. To counter critique from legislatures and consumer reformers, Connell became a mediator for medicine in the public sphere, dispensing select information and arguing for limits on others - for the patient's sake. If legislative inquiry's primary havoc was unleashing information, Connell would help the profession moderate it. Because Connell was a woman doctor whom health feminists who were her contemporaries denied was a feminist doctor, the existing scholarship has occluded her. This article reconstructs the contributions of this important and flawed doctor, illuminating how she contorted herself to suit her various public messages, constrained by her conflicting, dual identities as woman and doctor.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"300-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developmental disorder, racial dissolution: racial typologies of developmental normalcy in early child medicine, 1830s-1860s. 发育障碍，种族解体：19世纪30 - 60年代早期儿童医学中发育正常的种族类型学。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-06-16 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrag020

Kelsey Henry

{"title":"Developmental disorder, racial dissolution: racial typologies of developmental normalcy in early child medicine, 1830s-1860s.","authors":"Kelsey Henry","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrag020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrag020","url":null,"abstract":"Decades before medical definitions of developmental normalcy revolved around statistical averages, nineteenth-century medical scientists identified a non-statistical \"normal\" that cohered within racial groups but was not generalizable across them. Using early child medicine treatises and anatomical, physiological, and ethnological texts, this article argues that nineteenth-century child development science was a race-making enterprise. The first sections analyze texts on child development and disease, identifying the racial parameters of developmental norms and the developmental events most frequently associated with racial differentiation: cranial suture closure and puberty. The following sections argue that variable rates of development and the degree of synchronicity between mental and physical development produced racial hierarchies and threatened racial degeneration. By examining \"ethnic\" classifications of idiocy, in which developmental timing considered typical for Black children was pathologized in White children, this article argues that developmental disorder posed a threat to racial order. As Darwinian evolutionism introduced scientific and social concerns about the historical contingency of racial progress, the clinical management of child development acquired newfound importance as a safeguard for White racial purity. Joining histories of nineteenth-century child development science and antebellum medical cultures with disability history, this article offers a pre-history of \"developmental disability\" as a racial category.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148266634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Appearance of "Bastard" Children and the Power of the Maternal Imagination in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period. 中世纪至近代早期“私生子”的出现与母亲想象力的力量。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-06-09 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrag026

Alessandra Foscati

{"title":"The Appearance of \"Bastard\" Children and the Power of the Maternal Imagination in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period.","authors":"Alessandra Foscati","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrag026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrag026","url":null,"abstract":"The belief in the power of the imagination of parents, and especially of the mother, to influence the features of the foetus has been widespread since ancient times. The first reference is in Genesis 30:25-43. It tells the story of how Jacob showed his father-in-law's ewes and goats coloured branches (stripped branches) during the mating season in order to produce spotted offspring. The theory refers not only to animals, but also to human beings, as various sources testify. The power of female imagination could extend from the moment of coitus through to the entire pregnancy, giving rise to congenital features in the foetus. Starting from the widespread idea of the female imagination as a disruptive factor in the entire process of the formation of the future individual, the aim of this article is to focus on one specific aspect of the question: namely, the origin and development of the belief that 'bastard' children resemble their putative fathers rather than their real fathers. To this end, the most significant medical and philosophical sources will be considered, from the origin of this belief, in the late Middle Ages through to the early modern period.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148213140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A necessary compromise: mainstreaming traditional birth attendants (Iya Abiye) into colonial maternal healthcare in Ibadan, c.1930 - c.1960. 必要的妥协：1930年至1960年，伊巴丹将传统助产士（Iya Abiye）纳入殖民地孕产妇保健的主流。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-05-13 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrag023

Folaranmi Flourish Olorunnibe, Enocent Msindo

{"title":"A necessary compromise: mainstreaming traditional birth attendants (Iya Abiye) into colonial maternal healthcare in Ibadan, c.1930 - c.1960.","authors":"Folaranmi Flourish Olorunnibe, Enocent Msindo","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrag023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrag023","url":null,"abstract":"The colonial project was both parasitic and extractive. Its resource extraction imperative depended on maintaining a reservoir of cheap labour, whose supply required that they encourage and sustain high birth rates in the colonies. Maternal healthcare was therefore key to this project. The period 1930 to 1960, which we examine, was also characterized by increased African political agitation and internationally, by deepening global liberalism. Advocates of the latter called for colonial reforms, including some political participation of the growing African middle class. This, plus political changes in Britain at the time, put British colonial officials in Africa under pressure to bring about some reforms, including healthcare services. In Nigeria's Ibadan, the colonial regime initiated a training scheme for Africans to become midwives. They also recognized and mainstreamed in their medical service the institution of traditional birth attendants (known locally as Iya Abiye). We view this effort as a convenient response of the colonial officials to the shortage of medical personnel in Nigerian rural areas. These changes also reveal the rudimentary nature of health service delivery further away from urban areas. The introduction of Iya Abiye signals a shift in colonial health policy to an accommodative one due to the continued popularity of Iya Abiye in Yorubaland. By co-opting Iya Abiye into the mainstream maternal health system, colonial Nigeria officially became a medical pluralist society characterised by implementation challenges amidst some successes.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147935017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"A microcosm of every other issue": How Social Workers Recognized and Responded to the Needs of HIV-affected Families with Children in Britain, 1981-1997. “其他问题的缩影”：1981-1997年，英国社会工作者如何认识和回应受艾滋病毒影响的有孩子的家庭的需求。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrag019

Hannah J Elizabeth

{"title":"\"A microcosm of every other issue\": How Social Workers Recognized and Responded to the Needs of HIV-affected Families with Children in Britain, 1981-1997.","authors":"Hannah J Elizabeth","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrag019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrag019","url":null,"abstract":"This article tracks the emergence of specific social work policies and practices designed to meet the needs of HIV-affected families with children. The article outlines the tense atmosphere into which HIV-related family social work emerged. It then describes how HIV-affected children and their families were first recognized as a specific client group with a unique constellation of needs, outlining the scramble to assess the statutory services' obligation to this emerging group, and the work to create new information, policies, and texts to meet these responsibilities. These texts envisioned the social workers' roles as that of carer, mediator, collaborator, information provider, and advocate, offering guidance on the medical and social dimensions of HIV and AIDS, alongside warnings about the emotional toll this work took on workers and the pitfalls of prejudice. The final section of the article examines how social workers met the needs of HIV-affected families with children on the ground, looking at how the needs of parents and children in Edinburgh were met through collaborative work between statutory and voluntary workers, alongside those living with HIV.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Rise, Fall, and Laser Resurrection of the "Snake Heart" Operation. “蛇心”行动的兴起、衰落和激光复活。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2026-04-28 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrag017

David S Jones

{"title":"The Rise, Fall, and Laser Resurrection of the \"Snake Heart\" Operation.","authors":"David S Jones","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrag017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrag017","url":null,"abstract":"In 1964 Bombay surgeon P.K. Sen proposed a new operation for coronary artery disease. His \"snake heart\" procedure (or \"transmyocardial acupuncture\") sought to restore a reptilian form of circulation to the human heart. Despite its peculiar therapeutic rationale and limited evidence of its efficacy, the operation was taken up by surgeons around the world. By 1970, however, it had been set aside, done in by critique and a new competitor. Sen's therapeutic concept was surprisingly revived a decade later, not because of a better rationale or convincing evidence of efficacy, but because of the advent of surgical lasers. This case study highlights important features of late-twentieth-century surgery. First, what are the sources of surgical innovation and inspiration? Second, how does science travel? Sen's ability to push his technique onto the world stage was made possible by a Cold War culture of international travel and surgical training. Third, how do doctors judge therapeutic efficacy? Surgeons accepted Sen's operation because of their expansive physiological imaginary and their willingness to consider diverse and subjective therapeutic outcomes. Fourth, what drives therapeutic enthusiasm? Surgeons revived Sen's technique not because of new faith in the procedure but because lasers allowed them to pursue his therapeutic mission with an alluring new tool.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0