探索 1918 年流感大流行中的种族差异:北卡罗来纳州达勒姆案例研究》。

IF 0.9 3区 哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
Mallory Bryant, Jeffrey Baker
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引用次数: 0

摘要

1918 年流感大流行期间美国白人死亡率过高这一悖论一直困惑着历史学家和科学家。最新的学术研究表明,这种差异并非全国性的,而是地区性的。影响这些差异的因素仍有待推测。北卡罗来纳州达勒姆市因其黑人中产阶级的成就而闻名全国,为了进一步探讨这些主题,我们对该市进行了案例研究,研究中使用了大量资料,包括报纸和死亡证明。虽然达勒姆的总体死亡率低于北卡罗来纳州的许多地方,但白人的死亡率大大超过了黑人。研究人员探讨了之前描述的理论,包括阿尔弗雷德-克罗斯比(Alfred Crosby)的暴露假说和种族隔离。达勒姆在大流行病方面与其他同类城镇最显著的不同之处在于其强有力的医疗响应,这得益于林肯医院黑人护理队伍的卓越表现。护理是治疗 1918 年流感的最佳方法,但由于战争原因,全国大部分地区都出现了严重的护理短缺。因此,这项研究提供了一个实例,说明黑人卫生界是如何积极抵制造成种族差异的结构性力量的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Exploring Racial Disparities in the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: A Case Study of Durham, North Carolina.

The paradox of excess mortality among White Americans during the 1918 influenza pandemic has long puzzled historians and scientists. Recent scholarship has suggested that this disparity was not true for the country as a whole, but rather regional variation was observed. The factors influencing these disparities remain speculative. A case study was conducted of Durham, North Carolina, a city known nationally for the achievements of its Black middle class, to further explore these themes relying on numerous sources including newspapers and death certificates. Though Durham's overall mortality was lower than many places in North Carolina, the White mortality rate greatly exceeded that of the Black population. Previously described theories, including Alfred Crosby's exposure hypothesis and segregation, were explored. The most notable difference between Durham's pandemic narrative and other comparable towns was the robust healthcare response, which was made possible by the excellence of the Black nursing force from Lincoln Hospital. Nursing care was the best treatment available for the 1918 influenza, but most of the nation experienced severe nursing shortages due to the war effort. This study thus provides an example of how the Black health community has proven an active agent in countering the structural forces driving racial disparities.

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来源期刊
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 管理科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
40
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Started in 1946, the Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences is internationally recognized as one of the top publications in its field. The journal''s coverage is broad, publishing the latest original research on the written beginnings of medicine in all its aspects. When possible and appropriate, it focuses on what practitioners of the healing arts did or taught, and how their peers, as well as patients, received and interpreted their efforts. Subscribers include clinicians and hospital libraries, as well as academic and public historians.
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