Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences最新文献_第4页

The Senator and the Sting Operation: Politics, the Media, and Frank Moss's Exposé of "Medicaid Mills". 参议员与刺杀行动》：政治、媒体与弗兰克-莫斯揭露 "医疗补助计划"。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad041

Brian Dolan, Stephen Beitler, Antoine Johnson

{"title":"The Senator and the Sting Operation: Politics, the Media, and Frank Moss's Exposé of \"Medicaid Mills\".","authors":"Brian Dolan, Stephen Beitler, Antoine Johnson","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad041","url":null,"abstract":"In September 1975, Frank Moss, an eighteen-year veteran of the Senate from Utah, donned the scruffiest clothes he could find and walked into a small clinic in New York that catered to Medicaid patients. Using a phony Medicaid card supplied to him by a New York District Attorney, he posed as a patient with symptoms he feigned to assess the quality of care he would receive. Appalled by what he experienced, he and a team of staffers from his office embarked on a four-state tour of what he termed \"Medicaid mills,\" visiting more than 200 clinics in an undercover investigation that exposed alarming levels of provider fraud and abuse of the government health insurance system. This dramatic expose was covered by CBS's widely watched Sunday-night news program 60 Minutes. The subsequent Senate hearings were a media sensation, leading to accusations that the Senator was \"grandstanding.\" This article looks at the political climate in which the congressional sting operation, the media attention it garnered, and the subsequent legislation enacted sought to address a persistent, growing problem of fraud and abuse in Medicare and Medicaid. The article argues that Moss's effort was an example of entrepreneurial politics, as defined by Craig Volden and Alan Wiseman in 2016, and something more as well. Moss was reacting to a political setting in which the legitimate authority of political institutions, including Congress, had been called into question by the Watergate scandal and other revelations. At the same time, organized medicine in America was dealing with its own version of this challenge to its authority. The result was a dramatic episode that focused on fraud and abuse in the ten-year-old Medicare program and that raised wider questions about changes in cultural authority in politics and medicine.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9781666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ancient Conceptions of the Human Uterus: Italic Votives and Animal Wombs. 古代对人类子宫的认识：意大利梵文和动物子宫。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad038

Claire Bubb

引用次数: 0

Mr. Gilbert's World Tour: Rethinking Disabled Veterans Across British Imperial Spaces. 吉尔伯特先生的世界之旅：反思大英帝国空间中的伤残退伍军人。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad084

Michael Robinson

引用次数: 0

The Religious Dimensions of Epidemic Disease: Cholera, the Ghost Rite, and Missionary Medicine in Nineteenth-Century Korea. 流行病的宗教层面：十九世纪韩国的霍乱、鬼礼和传教医学。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrae001

Shin Kwon Kim

引用次数: 0

"Conscientious Guardian" vs. "Commercialized Jungle": Pharmacists and Pharmacy Design in the Postwar United States. "良心守护者 "与 "商业化丛林"：战后美国的药剂师与药房设计》。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad029

Lucas Richert, Gabriel Lake Carter

{"title":"\"Conscientious Guardian\" vs. \"Commercialized Jungle\": Pharmacists and Pharmacy Design in the Postwar United States.","authors":"Lucas Richert, Gabriel Lake Carter","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad029","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad029","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacists and pharmacies are key drivers in the American marketplace. They serve as an endpoint of the pharmaceutical supply chain and are the dispensers of a range of consumer goods, some nonthreatening and others potentially harmful to public health. In adding pharmacies to the roster of consumerist locales in the postwar period, scholars might draw even deeper connections about the transformation of health, corporate medicine, and American economic power. To understand the interface of consumerism, corporatism, and health in postwar America, this article holds the postwar pharmacy as a key site of commodity exchange and business and positions it within the larger American firmament, paying attention to the design of pharmacies. In particular, the article will add to the knowledge about the tangible ways that medical and health care spaces are constructed, organized, and designed to best generate profits. Besides prescription medications, alcohol, tobacco, and sugar-rich products were also vital elements of the postwar pharmacy and will be featured in this article. What is more, this article focuses on a central debate between pharmacists during the postwar period about how pharmacies were shifting from the role of healer to that of a retailer - from a \"conscientious guardian\" to a \"commercialized jungle\" - in order to highlight how the public health role of pharmacies was undermined by industry pressures for profit. Based on unused corporate guides and manuals, company records, photographs, and management documents, this article will spotlight the underexplored interiority of pharmacies - the store's insides, processes of organization, and design features related to potentially habit-changing substances.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138809833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"They Perished in the Cause of Science": Justus von Liebig's Food for Infants. "他们为科学事业而牺牲"：贾斯图斯-冯-李比希的《婴儿食品》。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad035

Caroline Lieffers

{"title":"\"They Perished in the Cause of Science\": Justus von Liebig's Food for Infants.","authors":"Caroline Lieffers","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad035","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad035","url":null,"abstract":"In 1867, controversy erupted when Jean-Anne-Henri Depaul, a Paris accoucheur, tested Justus von Liebig's new \"food for infants\" on four newborns, all of whom died within days. This paper examines the origins of Liebig's food, the debates in the French Academy of Medicine after Depaul's experiment, and how the events were discussed in the medical and popular presses. I argue that the controversy was shaped by a number of interconnected concerns, including the product's impracticality, disagreements within the field of chemistry, the riskiness of Depaul's experimentation, Liebig's problematic celebrity, the potential hubris of trying to emulate a natural product, and national tensions between France and Germany. Infant feeding was an emotionally charged and highly politicized site where multiple interests, anxieties, and ways of knowing collided. Although commercial infant foods, many of which made reference to Liebig in their advertising, would ultimately find popularity in the last decades of the nineteenth century, close attention to the first years of Liebig's product demonstrates that its credibility as a \"scientific\" mode of infant feeding was far from assured. Rather, Liebig's milk illustrates the early challenges of constructing and enforcing knowledge and trust at the intersection between food, science, and infant life, in both professional and popular arenas.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9826962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The "oldest and the newest of nurses": Nursing and the Professionalization of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 最老和最新的护士"：护理与妇产科专业化。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad032

Maria Daxenbichler

{"title":"The \"oldest and the newest of nurses\": Nursing and the Professionalization of Obstetrics and Gynecology.","authors":"Maria Daxenbichler","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad032","url":null,"abstract":"When in the late nineteenth century American physicians increasingly replaced midwives in the care of obstetrical and gynecological patients, they could do so only because they were aided by another emerging group of healthcare professionals: nurses. Nurses were instrumental in assisting physicians in the care of patients in labor and during recovery. They were also necessary for male physicians because the vast majority of nurses were women and their presence during gynecological and obstetrical treatments made it more socially acceptable for men to examine female patients. In hospital schools in the northeast and through long-distance nursing programs, physicians taught students about obstetrical nursing and instructed them to protect the modesty of female patients. They also tried to instill strict professional hierarchies between nurses and physicians, emphasizing that nurses should never attempt to deliver a patient without a physician. But as nursing emerged into a unique professional practice separate from that of physicians, nurses were able to negotiate better education in the care of laboring patients. In order to take over women's sexual and reproductive health care from traditional providers, physicians conceded to nurses' demands for more authority in patient care.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9636150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Primary Health Care and Foreign Aid: A Tale of Two Germanys. 初级卫生保健与外国援助：两个德国的故事

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad034

Walter Bruchhausen, Iris Borowy

{"title":"Primary Health Care and Foreign Aid: A Tale of Two Germanys.","authors":"Walter Bruchhausen, Iris Borowy","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad034","url":null,"abstract":"The Declaration of Alma-Ata remains one of the momentous documents of public health. Its origins lie both in postwar efforts to improve population health in low-income countries and in social medicine promoted decades earlier in Europe. For industrialized countries in East and West, Alma-Ata, therefore, should have provided health-related guidelines both for domestic and foreign policy, though political interpretations of the social components of medicine and health differed. Due to its unique history of ideologically informed division after 1945, Germany forms a fascinating case study. Important German contributions to the early social medicine discourse fed into ideas of primary health care, the basis of the Alma-Ata process. However, the concept found little resonance in domestic policies. After World War II, the two Germanys chose different paths for health systems but were similarly reluctant to address the social dimension of health in their cooperation with Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In the 1970s, new international health concepts and civil society discussions about \"development aid\" caused changes in West German policies. No such discussions took place in the German Democratic Republic (GDR), where Alma-Ata was interpreted as a confirmation of the domestic health system. Thus, ironically, West German health workers pursued a keener policy of principles of social medicine in their partner countries than the GDR government, which considered its role in the global transformation of health care mainly fulfilled by serving as a model.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9692325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Malarial Encounters and Shifting Racial Recruitment Strategies by the Basel Mission on the Gold Coast, 1828-1849. 1828-1849 年黄金海岸巴塞尔传教会的疟原虫遭遇和种族招募策略的转变。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad085

Adam Mohr

{"title":"Malarial Encounters and Shifting Racial Recruitment Strategies by the Basel Mission on the Gold Coast, 1828-1849.","authors":"Adam Mohr","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad085","url":null,"abstract":"In the early- to mid-nineteenth century, European mortality rates in West Africa were the highest in the world. Mortality estimates included nine missionaries sent from the Basel Mission (established in what is now Switzerland) to the Gold Coast (present-day Ghana), eight of whom died between 1828 and 1840, mostly from \"fevers.\" In response to high mortality rates, the Basel Mission recruited several Afro-West Indians to work as Christian missionaries in the Gold Coast, mostly based on the presumption that individuals of African descent would better survive the environment. The decision to recruit Afro-West Indians to evangelize on the Gold Coast seemed to the mission to be a rational decision, one not in need of further justification or an overarching theory of race, environment, and disease. Surprisingly, the Basel Mission did not justify this position Biblically either. Once arrived, the West Indian Christian missionaries mostly lived in the Akwapem hills above Accra at an elevation that would have provided some protection against malaria; subsequently, their mortality rates were significantly lower than the European missionaries. After quinine came to be used as a prophylactic against malaria after 1850, thus lowering European missionary mortality rates, no more Afro-West Indians were recruited by the Basel Mission.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139484546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring Racial Disparities in the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: A Case Study of Durham, North Carolina. 探索 1918 年流感大流行中的种族差异：北卡罗来纳州达勒姆案例研究》。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrad066

Mallory Bryant, Jeffrey Baker

{"title":"Exploring Racial Disparities in the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: A Case Study of Durham, North Carolina.","authors":"Mallory Bryant, Jeffrey Baker","doi":"10.1093/jhmas/jrad066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrad066","url":null,"abstract":"The paradox of excess mortality among White Americans during the 1918 influenza pandemic has long puzzled historians and scientists. Recent scholarship has suggested that this disparity was not true for the country as a whole, but rather regional variation was observed. The factors influencing these disparities remain speculative. A case study was conducted of Durham, North Carolina, a city known nationally for the achievements of its Black middle class, to further explore these themes relying on numerous sources including newspapers and death certificates. Though Durham's overall mortality was lower than many places in North Carolina, the White mortality rate greatly exceeded that of the Black population. Previously described theories, including Alfred Crosby's exposure hypothesis and segregation, were explored. The most notable difference between Durham's pandemic narrative and other comparable towns was the robust healthcare response, which was made possible by the excellence of the Black nursing force from Lincoln Hospital. Nursing care was the best treatment available for the 1918 influenza, but most of the nation experienced severe nursing shortages due to the war effort. This study thus provides an example of how the Black health community has proven an active agent in countering the structural forces driving racial disparities.","PeriodicalId":49998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139099096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0