Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society最新文献

{"title":"INS volume 30 issue 4 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s135561772400016x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s135561772400016x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery trajectories of IQ after pediatric TBI: A latent class growth modeling analysis.","authors":"Megan E Narad, Julia Smith-Paine, Amy Cassedy, Elizabeth LeBlond, H Gerry Taylor, Keith Owen Yeates, Shari L Wade","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000462","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify latent trajectories of IQ over time after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and examine the predictive value of risk factors within and across recovery trajectories.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>206 children ages 3-7 years at injury were included: 87 TBI (23 severe, 21 moderate, 43 complicated mild) and 119 orthopedic injury (OI). We administered intelligence tests shortly after injury (1½ months), 12 months, and 6.8 years postinjury. Latent class growth modeling was used to identify latent subgroups. Separate models examined verbal and nonverbal IQ recovery trajectories following TBI versus OI. Variables included: age at injury, sex, race, socioeconomic status, injury severity, quality of the home environment, family functioning, and parenting style.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the TBI and OI analyses yielded different growth models for nonverbal (<i>k</i> = 3) and verbal IQ (<i>k</i> = 3). Although all models resulted in 3 latent classes (below average, average, and aboveaverage performance); trajectory shapes, contributors to class membership, and performance within each class varied by injury group and IQ domain. TBI severity was associated with class membership for nonverbal IQ, with less severe injuries associated with higher IQ scores; however, TBI severity did not influence verbal IQ class membership. Parenting style had a more prominent effect on verbal and nonverbal IQ within the TBI than OI trajectories.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest TBI severity is related to recovery trajectories for nonverbal but not verbal IQ and parenting style has stronger effects on recovery in TBI than OI. Results highlight the importance of parental factors on long-term recovery after TBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10051670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical utility of self- and informant-reported memory, attention, and spatial navigation in detecting biomarkers associated with Alzheimer disease in clinically normal adults.","authors":"Taylor F Levine, Samantha L Allison, Steven J Dessenberger, Denise Head","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000528","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD) has been associated with subtle changes in memory, attention, and spatial navigation abilities. The current study examined whether self- and informant-reported domain-specific cognitive changes are sensitive to AD-associated biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Clinically normal adults aged 56-93 and their informants completed the memory, divided attention, and visuospatial abilities (which assesses spatial navigation) subsections of the Everyday Cognition Scale (ECog). Reliability and validity of these subsections were examined using Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. Logistic regression was used to examine the ability of ECog subsections to predict AD-related biomarkers (cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ptau₁₈₁/Aβ₄₂ ratio (<i>N</i> = 371) or hippocampal volume (<i>N</i> = 313)). Hierarchical logistic regression was used to examine whether the self-reported subsections continued to predict biomarkers when controlling for depressive symptomatology if available (<i>N</i> = 197). Additionally, logistic regression was used to examine the ability of neuropsychological composites assessing the same or similar cognitive domains as the subsections (memory, executive function, and visuospatial abilities) to predict biomarkers to allow for comparison of the predictive ability of subjective and objective measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All subsections demonstrated appropriate reliability and validity. Self-reported memory (with outliers removed) was the only significant predictor of AD biomarker positivity (i.e., CSF ptau₁₈₁/Aβ₄₂ ratio; <i>p</i> = .018) but was not significant when examined in the subsample with depressive symptomatology available (<i>p</i> = .517). Self-reported memory (with outliers removed) was a significant predictor of CSF ptau₁₈₁/Aβ₄₂ ratio biomarker positivity when the objective memory composite was included in the model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ECog subsections were not robust predictors of AD biomarker positivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10467210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported mid- to late-life physical and recreational activities: Associations with late-life cognition.","authors":"Brandon E Gavett, Keith F Widaman, Cathryn McKenzie, Fransia S De Leon, Evan Fletcher, Sarah Tomaszewski Farias, Dan Mungas","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000553","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Physical and recreational activities are behaviors that may modify risk of late-life cognitive decline. We sought to examine the role of retrospectively self-reported midlife (age 40) physical and recreational activity engagement - and self-reported change in these activities from age 40 to initial study visit - in predicting late-life cognition.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were obtained from 898 participants in a longitudinal study of cognitive aging in demographically and cognitively diverse older adults (Age: range = 49-93 years, <i>M</i> = 75, SD = 7.19). Self-reported physical and recreational activity participation at age 40 and at the initial study visit were quantified using the Life Experiences Assessment Form. Change in activities was modeled using latent change scores. Cognitive outcomes were obtained annually (range = 2-17 years) using the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales, which measure verbal episodic memory, semantic memory, visuospatial processing, and executive functioning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Physical activity engagement at age 40 was strongly associated with cognitive performance in all four domains at the initial visit and with global cognitive slope. However, change in physical activities after age 40 was not associated with cognitive outcomes. In contrast, recreational activity engagement - both at age 40 and change after 40 - was predictive of cognitive intercepts and slope.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Retrospectively self-reported midlife physical and recreational activity engagement were strongly associated with late-life cognition - both level of performance and rate of future decline. However, the data suggest that maintenance of recreational activity engagement (e.g., writing, taking classes, reading) after age 40 is more strongly associated with late-life cognition than continued maintenance of physical activity levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10922209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10652954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the development of cognitive reserve in children: A residual index approach.","authors":"Zubin A Irani, Andrew M C Sheridan, Timothy J Silk, Vicki Anderson, Michael Weinborn, Brandon E Gavett","doi":"10.1017/S135561772300053X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S135561772300053X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To model cognitive reserve (CR) longitudinally in a neurodiverse pediatric sample using a residual index approach, and to test the criterion and construct validity of this index.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were <i>N</i> = 115 children aged 9.5-13 years at baseline (<i>M</i>_Age = 10.48 years, <i>SD</i>_Age = 0.61), and <i>n</i> = 43 (37.4%) met criteria for ADHD. The CR index represented variance in Matrix Reasoning scores from the WASI that was unexplained by MRI-based brain variables (bilateral hippocampal volumes, total gray matter volumes, and total white matter hypointensity volumes) or demographics (age and sex).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, the CR index predicted math computation ability (estimate = 0.50, <i>SE</i> = 0.07, <i>p</i> < .001), and word reading ability (estimate = 0.26, <i>SE</i> = 0.10, <i>p</i> = .012). Longitudinally, change in CR over time was not associated with change in math computation ability (estimate = -0.02, <i>SE</i> = 0.03, <i>p</i> < .513), but did predict change in word reading ability (estimate = 0.10, <i>SE</i> = 0.03, <i>p</i> < .001). Change in CR was also found to moderate the relationship between change in word reading ability and white matter hypointensity volume (estimate = 0.10, <i>SE</i> = 0.05, <i>p = .</i>045).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evidence for the criterion validity of this CR index is encouraging, but somewhat mixed, while construct validity was evidenced through interaction between CR, brain, and word reading ability. Future research would benefit from optimization of the CR index through careful selection of brain variables for a pediatric sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10152014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting cognitive decline in high-functioning older adults: The relationship between subjective cognitive concerns, frequency of high neuropsychological test scores, and the frontoparietal control network.","authors":"Justin E Karr, Jonathan G Hakun, Daniel B Elbich, Cristina N Pinheiro, Frederick A Schmitt, Suzanne C Segerstrom","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000607","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Neuropsychologists have difficulty detecting cognitive decline in high-functioning older adults because greater neurological change must occur before cognitive performances are low enough to indicate decline or impairment. For high-functioning older adults, early neurological changes may correspond with subjective cognitive concerns and an absence of high scores. This study compared high-functioning older adults with and without subjective cognitive concerns, hypothesizing those with cognitive concerns would have fewer high scores on neuropsychological testing and lower frontoparietal network volume, thickness, and connectivity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants had high estimated premorbid functioning (e.g., estimated intelligence ≥75th percentile or college-educated) and were divided based on subjective cognitive concerns. Participants with cognitive concerns (<i>n</i> = 35; 74.0 ± 9.6 years old, 62.9% female, 94.3% White) and without cognitive concerns (<i>n</i> = 33; 71.2 ± 7.1 years old, 75.8% female, 100% White) completed a neuropsychological battery of memory and executive function tests and underwent structural and resting-state magnetic resonance imaging, calculating frontoparietal network volume, thickness, and connectivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with and without cognitive concerns had comparable numbers of low test scores (≤16th percentile), <i>p</i> = .103, <i>d</i> = .40. Participants with cognitive concerns had fewer high scores (≥75th percentile), <i>p</i> = .004, <i>d</i> = .71, and lower mean frontoparietal network volumes (left: <i>p</i> = .004, <i>d</i> = .74; right: <i>p</i> = .011, <i>d</i> = .66) and cortical thickness (left: <i>p</i> = .010, <i>d</i> = .66; right: <i>p</i> = .033, <i>d</i> = .54), but did not differ in network connectivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among high-functioning older adults, subjective cognitive decline may correspond with an absence of high scores on neuropsychological testing and underlying changes in the frontoparietal network that would not be detected by a traditional focus on low cognitive test scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10922091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41157450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purpose in life and cognitive performance and informant ratings of cognitive decline, affect, and activities.","authors":"Angelina R Sutin, Martina Luchetti, Yannick Stephan, Antonio Terracciano","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000516","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine (1) the association between purpose in life and multiple domains of cognitive function and informant-rated cognitive decline, affect, and activities; (2) whether these associations are moderated by sociodemographic factors, cognitive impairment, or depression; (3) whether the associations are independent of other aspects of well-being and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>As part of the 2016 Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol from the Health and Retirement Study, participants completed a battery of cognitive tests and nominated a knowledgeable informant to rate their cognitive decline, affect, and activities. Participants with information available on their purpose in life from the 2014/2016 Leave Behind Questionnaire were included in the analytic sample (<i>N</i> = 2,812).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Purpose in life was associated with better performance in every cognitive domain examined (episodic memory, speed-attention, visuospatial skills, language, numeric reasoning; median <i>β</i> =.10, <i>p</i> <.001; median <i>d</i> =.53). Purpose was likewise associated with informant-rated cognitive decline and informant-rated affective and activity profiles beneficial for cognitive health (median <i>β</i> =.18, <i>p</i> < .001; median <i>d</i> =.55). There was little evidence of moderation by sociodemographic or other factors (e.g., depression). Life satisfaction, optimism, positive affect, and mastery were generally associated with cognition. When tested simultaneously with each other and depressive symptoms, most dimensions were reduced to non-significance; purpose remained a significant predictor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Purpose in life is associated with better performance across numerous domains of cognition and with emotional and behavioral patterns beneficial for cognitive health that are observable by knowledgeable others. These associations largely generalize across demographic and clinical groups and are independent of other aspects of well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10884354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10048761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INS volume 30 issue 3 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s1355617724000134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617724000134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140092225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of teleneuropsychological rehabilitation: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Elina Naamanka, Ilja Salakka, Minna Parkkila, Joona Hotti, Erja Poutiainen","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000565","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The effectiveness of neuropsychological rehabilitation is supported by the evidence found in previous reviews, but there is a lack of research regarding the effectiveness of remotely conducted neuropsychological rehabilitation. This review aimed to identify and evaluate the results of studies investigating the effectiveness of teleneuropsychological rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant articles were extracted from electronic databases and filtered to include studies published in 2016 or later to focus on recent practices. Data were synthesized narratively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 14 randomized controlled studies were included in the synthesis (9 for children/adolescents, 5 for adults). The most common type of intervention was computerized cognitive training with regular remote contact with the therapist (seven studies). Regarding children and adolescents, the evidence for the effectiveness was found only for these types of interventions with improvements in cognitive outcomes. The results regarding the family-centered interventions were mixed with improvements only found in psychosocial outcomes. No support was found for the effectiveness of interventions combining cognitive and motor training. Regarding adults, all included studies offered support for the effectiveness, at least to some extent. There were improvements particularly in trained cognitive functions. Long-term effects of the interventions with generalization to global functioning remained somewhat unclear.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Remote interventions focused on computerized cognitive training are promising methods within teleneuropsychological rehabilitation. However, their impact on long-term meaningful, everyday functioning remained unclear. More research is needed to reliably assess the effectiveness of teleneuropsychological interventions, especially with more comprehensive approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41174502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms underlying the association between adverse childhood experiences and racial disparities in later-life cognition.","authors":"Sydney R Wilhoite, Afsara B Zaheed, Jordan D Palms, Emily P Morris, Ketlyne Sol, Alexa Martino, Laura B Zahodne","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000474","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may be a risk factor for later-life cognitive disorders such as dementia; however, few studies have investigated underlying mechanisms, such as cardiovascular health and depressive symptoms, in a health disparities framework.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>418 community-dwelling adults (50% nonHispanic Black, 50% nonHispanic White) aged 55+ from the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project retrospectively reported on nine ACEs. Baseline global cognition was a z-score composite of five factor scores from a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Cardiovascular health was operationalized through systolic blood pressure. A mediation model controlling for sociodemographics, childhood health, and childhood socioeconomic status estimated indirect effects of ACEs on global cognition via depressive symptoms and blood pressure. Racial differences were probed via t-tests and stratified models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A negative indirect effect of ACEs on cognition was observed through depressive symptoms [<i>β</i> = -.040, 95% CI (-.067, -.017)], but not blood pressure, for the whole sample. Black participants reported more ACEs (Cohen's <i>d</i> = .21), reported more depressive symptoms (Cohen's <i>d</i> = .35), higher blood pressure (Cohen's <i>d</i> = .41), and lower cognitive scores (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 1.35) compared to White participants. In stratified models, there was a negative indirect effect through depressive symptoms for Black participants [<i>β</i> = -.074, 95% CI (-.128, -.029)] but not for White participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results highlight the need to consider racially patterned contextual factors across the life course. Such factors could exacerbate the negative impact of ACEs and related mental health consequences and contribute to racial disparities in cognitive aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11008525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10444465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}