{"title":"Review on Image Preprocessing and Driving Waveform Design for Electrophoretic Displays","authors":"Xiangjie Zhong, Xiaoyan Zhao, Tiesong Zhao","doi":"10.1002/jsid.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>E-paper, as an emerging eco-friendly display technology, has gained significant attention due to its paper-like visual effect and low power consumption characteristics. The concept was first proposed in the 1970s, and after years of development, it has evolved from the initial black-and-white image display technology to full-color video display. Electrophoretic display shows images by controlling charged particles within microcapsules using an electric field, offering high reflectivity and contrast, and is widely used in various fields such as e-readers, mobile phones, automobiles, wearable devices, and more. The e-paper display system mainly consists of the e-paper screen, control circuits, image processing algorithms, and electronic ink driving waveforms. The review introduces the research history and applications of electrophoretic display, e-paper image processing algorithms, and driving waveforms. It also summarizes the current challenges and development trends in the field of e-paper.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"34 8","pages":"669-680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementation of Interactive Mirror-Transcending Aerial Image Display System","authors":"Motohiro Makiguchi, Ayaka Sano, Ayami Hoshi, Takayoshi Mochizuki","doi":"10.1002/jsid.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many methods have been proposed for presenting digital information in mirror space, but existing methods were limited to displaying information confined within the mirror space. Therefore, we propose mirror-transcending aerial imaging (MiTAI), which allows digital information to move continuously between mirrored and physical spaces. By seamlessly fusing mirror space, physical space, and digital information, MiTAI offers an unprecedented interactive experience. This paper presents a detailed description of the MiTAI system, designed to allow users to experience the concept and facilitate initial studies toward its evaluation. Specifically, we detail the system implementation, including the refinement of the optical system based on previous studies, the control system design, content presentation designs, and interaction methods with the aerial image. Moreover, we report on an experiment evaluating the pointing accuracy in the depth direction of the interaction method and a user evaluation conducted using a refined system setup for a hands-on demonstration to evaluate the user experience. Finally, we present user feedback from the exhibition and discuss future points for improvement.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"34 8","pages":"681-695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Goniometric Measurements Using Photometric Robots With Imaging Luminance Measurement Devices (ILMDs)","authors":"Kilian Kirchhoff, Ingo Rotscholl, Udo Krüger","doi":"10.1002/jsid.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When measuring display-specific parameters such as luminance, contrast, or color, which depend on the viewing angle, precise and reproducible positioning of the measuring system is essential for achieving reliable results. This study examines how photometric robots, which integrate imaging luminance measurement devices (ILMDs) with industrial robotic systems, can be used as goniophotometers for display and illuminated object measurement technology. Physical limitations are discussed, and the position accuracy and repeatability are analyzed. Recent advancements in this field are explored, including enhanced goniophotometric functions, spectroradiometer integration, absolute robot calibration methods, and specialized software innovations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"34 8","pages":"717-727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive Display White Point Under Various Ambient Conditions. Part 2: Dual Illumination","authors":"Jiamin Guo, Minchen Wei, Zhiwei Jiao, Licheng Ge","doi":"10.1002/jsid.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adaptive displays are designed to enhance the user viewing experience by dynamically responding to ambient lighting conditions. In Part 1 of our research, we examined the influence of ambient light on chromatic adaptation and, consequently, on the optimal adjustment of the display white point. The findings, however, do not extend to a critical scenario in which users view displays near windows, either facing the window or with their back towards it, resulting in distinct foreground and background illumination. This specific situation has not been systematically investigated in previous studies. In the present study, we conducted three carefully controlled experiments to examine how the correlated color temperature (CCT) and illuminance of both the foreground and background influence chromatic adaptation. Our results indicated that background illumination exerted a more pronounced effect on chromatic adaptation compared with foreground illumination. The foreground illumination only had a minor effect when the background CCT and illuminance were low. Notably, when the foreground CCT was higher than 6500 K, the degree of chromatic adaptation was generally elevated.</p>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"34 8","pages":"705-716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsid.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Distributions of the Electric Potential and Fields in the Polymer-Stabilized Blue Phase Liquid Crystals Between Two Parallel Electrodes","authors":"Ting-Han Pei, Kei-Hsiung Yang","doi":"10.1002/jsid.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We derive analytic distributions of the electric potential and fields in one micro-lens made of polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal (PS-BPLC) between two electrodes with a circular opening on the upper electrode. PS-BPLC shows the Kerr effect at sufficiently large electric fields. We adopt the extended convergence model to describe the induced birefringence in PS-BPLC and suppose the local optical axis direction of each unit along the electric field vector. Finally, considering the mixed boundary problem and the zero-voltage fixed at the lower electrode, the induced electric potential and fields are obtained. This study would benefit academic research and the liquid-crystal industry. This work is also in line with the Sustainable Development Goal SDG9.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"34 8","pages":"696-704"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tuning of Carrier Balance by Introducing Dipolar Layers at Organic Heterointerfaces in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes","authors":"Masaki Tanaka","doi":"10.1002/jsid.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tuning the hole–electron carrier balance is essential for improving the performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). This challenge can be addressed through innovative interface engineering techniques. In this study, a thin organic layer exhibiting spontaneous orientation polarization (SOP) is inserted at an organic heterointerface with a large hole-injection barrier. The introduced negative SOP layer provides a steep vacuum level shift at the organic heterointerface owing to the spontaneous orientation of the permanent dipole moment of the polar molecules. This improves hole injection at the interface and lowers the OLED driving voltage. The effect of voltage reduction is maximized at a film thickness of up to 1.5 nm, and increasing the thickness gradually leads to higher voltages. Furthermore, owing to the good carrier balance at the optimal thickness of 1–3 nm, the introduction of the SOP interlayer improves the current efficiency by up to 35% from that of the OLED without the SOP interlayer. The OLED performance depends on the thickness of the SOP interlayer, indicating that inserting an SOP interlayer at the organic heterointerface can tune the carrier balance in OLEDs. This technique enables precise optimization of the OLED performances.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"34 7","pages":"646-651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148389282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"1-pL Inkjet Head and G8.5 Equipment Development for 350-ppi OLED Display Panels","authors":"Hidehiro Yoshida, Shuhei Nakatani, Takashi Inoue, Yukiya Usui, Futoshi Ohtsuka","doi":"10.1002/jsid.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper reports on the development of 1pL inkjet head and G8.5 equipment for 350ppi display panels. Firstly, we have derived the margin of 350 ppi pixels. Then we allocate margins to each key mechanical component and develop the 1pL inkjet printheads with 1.0pL ± 2.4% volume variation and ±1.35 μm landing position repeatability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"34 7","pages":"637-645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148389277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Residual Neural Network Compensation of Temperature-Induced Gamma Shift in OLED Display","authors":"Ching-Hsiang Hsu, Mang Ou-Yang","doi":"10.1002/jsid.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays exhibit temperature-induced chromatic shifts and luminance-dependent nonlinear responses, causing CIEDE2000 color difference (Δ<i>E</i>) and local gamma (<i>γ</i>) to exceed production tolerances, particularly at low luminance. In high-volume manufacturing, online calibration is typically limited to room temperature (28°C), as a 15-point gamma sweep requires about 237.7 s per temperature; extending calibration to three temperatures raises the total time to approximately 713 s, making online multitemperature 3D-LUT calibration impractical. Consequently, room-temperature calibration with averaged offline gamma-LUTs is commonly adopted, degrading low-gray accuracy. This work proposes a compact Residual Neural Network (Residual NN) that predicts per-gray RGB drive corrections using white-only sensing on a sparse grid. The model incorporates normalized gray level, local gamma, and chromaticity offsets (Δ<i>x</i>, Δ<i>y</i>) relative to D65. Evaluated across three luminance tiers and three temperatures, the proposed method improves Δ<i>E</i> compliance and gamma stability while reducing calibration time by 3.4× (713–207.6 s). Compared with a multitemperature 3D-LUT baseline, Δ<i>E</i> compliance improves by up to 4.47%, and the gamma failure rate is reduced by 4.13% relative to <i>γ</i> = 2.2.</p>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"34 7","pages":"615-625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsid.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148389203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zengzhi Pei, Justin Otto, Asim Mohammed A. Noor Elahi, Jian Xu
{"title":"High-Efficiency Phosphor Thin Films With Controlled Lateral Displacement for Low Color Crosstalk in Micro-LED Displays","authors":"Zengzhi Pei, Justin Otto, Asim Mohammed A. Noor Elahi, Jian Xu","doi":"10.1002/jsid.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, an optimized nano-phosphor thin film was developed for micro-LED applications, demonstrating high efficiency in color conversion and effective suppression of lateral photon displacement. The film achieved a quantum efficiency of 86%, consistent with theoretical predictions. The measured lateral displacement of 8.44 μm closely matched the simulated value of 7.94 μm, validating the accuracy of the photon transport model. Under ~445-nm excitation, the film exhibited a broad Stokes-shifted emission band spanning 480–780 nm with a maximum near 560 nm, and the calculated CIE color coordinates (<i>x</i> = 0.2893, <i>y</i> = 0.3377) were close to the D65 white point, ensuring stable color quality. The film also maintained nearly 100% of its fluorescence intensity up to 120°C and showed only minimal degradation at 150°C, with partial recovery after thermal stress at 200°C. In contrast, quantum dot converters exhibited rapid thermal quenching above 80°C–100°C with no recovery, underscoring the superior thermal robustness of the nano-phosphor thin film. These results highlight a practical and scalable approach for realizing high-performance phosphor thin films in full-color Micro-LED display technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"34 7","pages":"626-636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsid.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148389204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photoelectric Properties and Driving Characteristics of Dispersed-Type See-Through Inorganic Electroluminescent Devices Using 3 Different Comb-Electrode Materials","authors":"Yuzuki Tsuruta, Taketo Sato, Shuichi Sato","doi":"10.1002/jsid.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study designs, fabricates, and evaluates both conventional AC-dispersive inorganic electroluminescent (EL) devices and novel planar electrode-type EL devices. The devices utilize a copper- and chlorine-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu,Cl) luminescent layer and comb-shaped electrode structures made of ITO, Au, and Pt. The influences of the electrode material conductivity and transparency on the luminescence characteristics and brightness were systematically investigated through comprehensive electrical characterization including impedance analysis, I–V characteristics, and voltage retention measurements. Optical pathway differences between device architectures were analyzed, considering light extraction efficiency and surface plasmon effects. Basic electromagnetic field simulations were performed to visualize field patterns. We discovered that the luminescence characteristics and brightness of the devices were primarily affected by the transparency of the comb electrodes rather than by the conductivity of the electrode materials. The absence of a dielectric layer in comb-electrode devices resulted in reduced brightness due to limited charge accumulation and optical losses. This research provides valuable insights into inorganic EL device design and evaluation methodologies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"34 7","pages":"652-662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148389091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}