Guang-Ting Zheng, Po-Tsun Liu, Jo-Lin Chen, Cheng-Hao Li
{"title":"Highly reliable a-Si:H gate driver on array with complementary double-sided noise-eliminating and dual voltage levels for TFT-LCD applications","authors":"Guang-Ting Zheng, Po-Tsun Liu, Jo-Lin Chen, Cheng-Hao Li","doi":"10.1002/jsid.1263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.1263","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, we present a high-reliability gate driver on array (GOA) for a 10.7-in. HD (1,280 × RGB × 720) TFT-LCD panel, featuring an alternatively double-sided noise-eliminating function. The gate driver circuit is designed with 12-phase clock signals that exhibit 75% signal overlapping, threshold voltage recovering, and double-sided driving schemes. The double-sided driving scheme reduces the number of mental wires and TFTs in the gate driver circuit, resulting in a smaller layout area for GOA. By utilizing dual levels of voltage, we implemented a negative gate bias method to mitigate threshold voltage shifts for the noise-eliminating and driving TFTs. This prevents the noises from clock signals effectively. The reliability test of the proposed GOA with 720 stages passed a strict testing condition (90°C and −40°C) for simulation and exhibited good performance over 800 hours at 90°C for measurement.</p>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"31 11","pages":"638-650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134802280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep and adaptive feature extraction attention network for single image super-resolution","authors":"Jianpu Lin, Lizhao Liao, Shanling Lin, Zhixian Lin, Tailiang Guo","doi":"10.1002/jsid.1269","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsid.1269","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Single image super-resolution (SISR) has been revolutionized by convolutional neural networks (CNN). However, existing SISR algorithms have feature extraction and adaptive adjustment limitations, leading to information duplication and unsatisfactory image reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a deep and adaptive feature extraction attention network (DAAN), which first fully extracts shallow features and then adaptively captures precise and fine-scale features by a deep feature extraction block (DFEB). It includes multi-dimensional feature extraction blocks (MFEBs) that combine large kernel and dynamic convolution layers to improve large-scale information utilization effectively. Finally, an enhanced spatial attention block (ESAB) to further selectively reinforce the transmission of details. A large number of experimental results show that our proposed model reconstruction performance is superior to existing classical methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"32 1","pages":"23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136159029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bai-Chuan Zhao, Yan Zhou, Fan Yang, Liang-Wei Chen, Yang Fu
{"title":"Dual-view integral imaging display with adjustable optimal viewing distance","authors":"Bai-Chuan Zhao, Yan Zhou, Fan Yang, Liang-Wei Chen, Yang Fu","doi":"10.1002/jsid.1267","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsid.1267","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We propose a dual-view integral imaging display that provides two three-dimensional scenes at the same time. An adjustable pinhole array is generated by using a liquid crystal panel. The horizontal pitch of pinhole is adjustable, while the vertical one is unadjustable. The center of each elemental image is deviation from that of the corresponding pinhole. The light rays emitted from two kinds of elemental images are propagated into the left and right viewing directions. The horizontal viewing ranges are unrelated to the horizontal pitch of pinhole and the optimal viewing distance. By changing the horizontal pitch of pinhole, the optimal viewing distance is easily adjusted without loss of viewing angle. We developed an experimental apparatus and verified the proposed hypothesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"32 1","pages":"3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135166884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effects of icon updating on user visual discrimination under different working memory load","authors":"Mo Chen, Jing Li, Yanfei Zhu","doi":"10.1002/jsid.1268","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsid.1268","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To lessen users' feelings of unease and stress after icons are updated, this study investigates icon recognition and discrimination in terms of icon color and location under different working memory (WM) loads. At low WM load, changing the color or position of the icons has little effect on icon recognition. The icon color update will affect the user's accuracy when less information is presented, but it will not affect participants' reaction time. As for position updates, it is better to update icons' positions within the same row rather than across rows. At high WM load, although subjects responded faster to color than location, subjects were more accurate with location than with color. It can be concluded that color updates are preferred for entertaining user interfaces that demand quick responses, while location updates are preferable for human–computer interfaces that focus on accuracy. From the results of high WM load, subjects are more sensitive to color brightness. The more drastic the color difference, especially if the change level was at levels of 20% or 40%, the subjects' responses would be more obvious.</p>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"32 1","pages":"9-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effective factors of icons searching performance based on visual attention capture for the nuclear power plants","authors":"Xiaoli Wu, Can Zhou, Yuqi He, Qian Li, Shikang Yu","doi":"10.1002/jsid.1264","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsid.1264","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the rapid development of digital and intelligent information systems, the display of visual information on interfaces has become an important challenge in the field of human-computer interaction, as well as the human-computer interface of nuclear power plants. This paper examines effective factors affecting visual attention capture based on icons related to the human-computer interface of nuclear power plants. Experiments were conducted on multiple factors of visual search tasks with reference to information features to analyze information display factors affecting visual cognitive performance. The experimental results showed that the three factors, icon shape, feature display, and target position, have a great effect on information searching performance. The main effect of reaction time on three factors all reached a significance level congruent with the effect on fixation time and pupil response. Eye gaze indexes of feature display factors presented an increasing trend, which indicates that the information block spends more time on cognitive processing than icon features in the human-computer interface of nuclear power plants. Pupil diameter was dilated when searching icons under difficult visual cognition conditions, and when searching information blocks, pupils were dilated more than searching single icons. Therefore, shape highlighting of data icons in the human-computer interface of nuclear power plants can effectively improve the attention capture of the operator's visual search, and the ease of icon discrimination is an influential factor in visual attention capture.</p>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"31 12","pages":"675-688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135511598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast neural network for TV super resolution scaling-up system","authors":"Shih-Chang Hsia, Szu-Hong Wang, Wei-Chien Yuan","doi":"10.1002/jsid.1266","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsid.1266","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we propose a modified architecture aimed at reducing the computational demands of the generative adversarial network for super-resolution image generation. To achieve this, we embedded depth-wise and point-wise convolution into the convolution layer, effectively decreasing operational complexity and improving the overall network structure. For training and validation, we utilized a dataset consisting of 900 image pairs with resolutions of 480 × 270 and 1920 × 1080. Our experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method can reduce computational operators by 63% compared to the original network, while still maintaining the quality of super-resolution images. To enable real-time implementation, the architecture with light model subsequently deployed it on a GPU processor, allowing for efficient scaling of TV signals for 16× resolution expansion. Our experiments showed that the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) reached approximately 28 dB, and the processing rate ranged from 6 to 14 frames per second. The network effectively produced output with 16 times greater resolution without introducing any blurring and obvious artifact.</p>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"32 1","pages":"34-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135779750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of individual differences for aftereffect of viewing autostereoscopic 3D display","authors":"Qin Wang, Wu-Xiang Zhao, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jsid.1265","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsid.1265","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The representation of images on autostereoscopic 3D display often suffers from visual fatigue induced by stereoscopic images (VFSI) and visually induced motion sickness (VIMS), deriving from conflict between accommodation and convergence and from mismatches between vestibule system and visual system of viewers, respectively. In this study, a subjective experiment was conducted to investigate the implications of age and gender on the visual discomfort when watching the 3D video clips with four levels of parallax on autostereoscopic 3D display. This study found that the age of observers significantly affected both VFSI and VIMS symptoms. The young observers reported more serious VFSI and VIMS symptoms than the middle and elderly, while the three age groups had significantly pairwise difference for VIMS symptoms. Although gender differences did not exist in the ratio of VFSI symptoms, females had significant higher VIMS scores than males. The effect of parallax on symptom scores varied with age and gender. The elderly and male observers could endure larger parallax when compared to other groups. Furthermore, considering viewing safety for observers, it is recommended to limit parallax to a threshold of 40′.</p>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"31 12","pages":"689-699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135779703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synchronous mixed reality (SMR): A personalized virtual-real fusion framework with high immersion and effective interaction","authors":"Jie Guo, Ting Ma, Dongdong Weng","doi":"10.1002/jsid.1259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.1259","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Virtual-real fusion (VRF) technology plays a crucial role in the meta-universe by bridging the gap between virtual environments (VEs) and physical environments (PEs). However, the current VRF system has the problem of single function and fixed integration, limiting the popularization and application of VRF technology. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework named synchronous mixed reality (SMR) to personalize the VRF system and maintain the balance between interaction efficiency and environmental immersion. We combine an instance segmentation algorithm with an interaction prediction algorithm to achieve this balance. To evaluate the effectiveness of the SMR framework, we design three scenarios based on the interaction properties of physical objects and measure environmental immersion, systematic interaction efficiency, and user experience. Our results demonstrate that the SMR framework meets diverse needs in various PEs while balancing immersion and interaction efficiency. Additionally, our framework significantly reduces collisions and negative emotions experienced by users in VEs. We anticipate that this framework will serve as a guide for constructing virtual-real fusion systems in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"31 11","pages":"621-637"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134805102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ferroelectric liquid crystal array driven by a two-layer electrode with a 1 × 1 μm pixel pitch for light modulation in electro-holography","authors":"Shintaro Aso, Kisho Yamamoto, Ken-ichi Aoshima, Ryo Higashida, Nobuhiko Funabashi, Junichi Shibasaki, Takahiro Ishinabe, Yosei Shibata, Hideo Fujikake, Kenji Machida","doi":"10.1002/jsid.1260","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsid.1260","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We clarified that a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) has high resolution display capability as small as 1 × 1 μm pixel pitch using an FLC pixel array with a two-layer electrode, which has a 1 × 1-μm-checkered apertured electrode and a plane electrode separated by an insulation layer. By applying +2 V to the apertured electrode and −10 V to the plane electrode in the two-layer electrode and 0 V to the transparent common electrode, a checkered pattern was clearly observed, which indicates the successful individual pixel driving with a pixel pitch of 1 × 1 μm. When fabricating 1 × 2-μm-pitch rectangular FLC pixels, we elucidated that the liquid crystal alignment direction should be along the shorter side of the pixels to avoid asymmetric transmittance distribution in each pixel. Moreover, we successfully reconstructed a 3D holographic image using 10 × 10 k FLC pixel array with a pitch of 1 × 1 μm driven by the two-layer electrode with hologram-patterned apertures. We showed that FLC is a strong candidate material for realizing spatial light modulator with extremely small pixel pitches, which is essential for holographic displays with wide-viewing-zone angles.</p>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"32 6","pages":"449-461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135483440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fumitaka Ueda, Yuta Kageyama, Daisuke Iwai, Kosuke Sato
{"title":"Focal surface projection: Extending projector depth of field using a phase-only spatial light modulator","authors":"Fumitaka Ueda, Yuta Kageyama, Daisuke Iwai, Kosuke Sato","doi":"10.1002/jsid.1261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.1261","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a focal surface projection to solve the narrow depth-of-field problem in projection mapping applications. We apply a phase-only spatial light modulator to realize nonuniform focusing distances, whereby the projected contents appear focused on a surface with considerable depth variations. The feasibility of the proposed technique was validated through a physical experiment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"31 11","pages":"651-656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134802235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}