Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology最新文献

{"title":"Zinc deficiency impairs the development of human regulatory B cells from purified B cells","authors":"Mary-Ann Puppa ,&nbsp;Sabrina B. Bennstein ,&nbsp;Henrike J. Fischer,&nbsp;Lothar Rink","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc is a vital trace element, important for many different immune processes and adequate functionality. B cell development is known to be dependent on sufficient zinc supply. Recently a regulatory B cell (Breg) population has been identified, as CD19⁺IL-10⁺ B cells, able to regulate immune responses by secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10. Due to their promotion of an anti-inflammatory milieu, Bregs could reduce or might even prevent excessive pro-inflammatory responses. Hence, having and maintaining Bregs could be interesting for patients suffering from allergies, asthma, and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, understanding Breg generation, required signaling, and their developmental requirements are important. Since our group could previously show that zinc is important for regulatory T cells, we aimed to determine the effect of zinc deficiency on Breg development from human peripheral blood CD19⁺ B cells. We observed highest Breg generation with a combined stimulus of CD40L and the toll like receptor (TLR) ligand, CpG-ODN2006. Using this stimulus, we observed that zinc deficient medium significantly decreased Breg generation from purified B cells. This was not seen in Bregs generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) without B cell enrichment suggesting a compensatory mechanism. In line with literature, our data also confirms Bregs develop from CD19⁺ B cells, since total CD19⁺ frequencies remained unchanged, while Breg frequencies varied between stimuli and zinc media conditions. Our study shows for the first time that zinc deficiency significantly impairs Breg development, which provides an important new perspective for clinical applications and therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 127556"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc-modulated bidirectional copper transfer across the blood-brain barrier in a porcine brain capillary endothelial cell culture model system","authors":"Denny Pellowski ,&nbsp;Franziska Ebert ,&nbsp;Julia Bornhorst ,&nbsp;Tanja Schwerdtle","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a crucial interface, regulating the transfer of trace elements (TEs) such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) between the bloodstream and the brain. Cu and Zn are essential for maintaining neural function and enzymatic processes. Understanding the interplay of Cu and Zn with the BBB is crucial for elucidating their roles in neurological health and disease. This study investigates the bidirectional transfer of Cu across the BBB and examines the impact of Zn supplementation on this process using a porcine brain capillary endothelial cell (PBCEC) model. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and capacitance measurements confirmed barrier integrity upon TE exposure, while quantification of Cu and Zn concentrations <em>via</em> inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) in the culture medium provided essential baseline data. Transfer studies revealed significant increases in basolateral (brain side) Cu concentrations after apical (blood side) Cu incubation, with additional Zn supplementation reducing Cu transfer from apical to basolateral compartments. Conversely, Zn incubation showed no effect on basolateral-to-apical Cu transfer. Surprisingly, it was found that Cu also transferred significantly to the apical compartments when incubated basolaterally, and with slightly higher permeability coefficients than <em>vice versa</em>, indicating a potential role of PBCECs in regulating Cu transport both from blood to brain and from brain to blood. These findings suggest a bidirectional Cu trafficking across PBCECs, only slightly influenced unidirectionally by Zn supplementation, highlighting the intricate interplay between TEs at the BBB. Importantly, no alterations in barrier integrity were observed, underscoring the physiological relevance of the experimental conditions. Overall, this study sheds light on the complex dynamics of Cu and Zn transfer at the BBB, emphasizing the need for comprehensive investigations into TE interactions for a deeper understanding of brain TE homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 127547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the interaction and combined effects of multiple metals/metalloids exposure to TNF-α and kidney function in adults using bayesian kernel machine regression and quantile-based G-computation","authors":"Kuei-Hau Luo ,&nbsp;Hung-Pin Tu ,&nbsp;Yong-Chuan Chung ,&nbsp;Min-Hsin Huang ,&nbsp;Chen-Cheng Yang ,&nbsp;Tzu-Hua Chen ,&nbsp;Cheng-Hong Yang ,&nbsp;Hung-Yi Chuang","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Exposure to multiple metals may cause adverse effects, particularly in the kidneys. However, studies on the combined and interaction effects of metal mixtures on human health remain limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The study aims to evaluate the interaction between metals and assess the combined effects of exposure to metal mixtures on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels and kidney function</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Particular emphasis has been placed on the impact of various metals, including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), as well as essential trace elements, such as cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn), on human health and their potential collective influence on both TNF-α and kidney function. This cross-sectional study analyzed the data of 421 adults who underwent a health examination. Generalized linear model (GLM), Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and quantile-based G-computation (qgcomp) were used to evaluate the association and joint effects between the metals and TNF-α, as well as kidney function.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Increased concentrations of As (β = 0.11, 95 % CI = 0.05, 0.17) and Pb (β = 0.30, 95 % CI = 0.23, 0.37) in the blood were associated with elevated levels of TNF-α, while elevated Cu (β = −0.42, 95 % CI = −0.77, −0.07) levels were linked to a significant reduction in TNF-α. The overall effect of metals mixture showed a significant association with a decline in eGFR and an increase TNF-α in the BKMR model. Qgcomp analysis of the metals mixture (β = −0.06, 95 % CI = −0.07, −0.05) indicated that As, Pb, and Zn were the primary contributors to the reduction in eGFR, while As and Pb were the major contributors in metals mixture (β = 0.12, 95 % CI = 0.08, 0.15) to the elevation of TNF-α levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Exposure to multiple metals could have joint association with the TNF-α levels and kidney function. Furthermore, TNF-α could act as a mediator between metal mixtures and eGFR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 127552"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical elemental composition and human taphonomy: A comparative analysis between skeletonised and preserved individuals from six Portuguese public cemeteries","authors":"Angela Silva-Bessa ,&nbsp;Rui Azevedo ,&nbsp;Agostinho Almeida ,&nbsp;Lorna Dawson ,&nbsp;Shari L. Forbes ,&nbsp;Maria Teresa Ferreira ,&nbsp;Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In Portugal, it is common practice to reuse burial graves in cemeteries with exhumations occurring after a minimum period of three years after entombment. However, if the human remains still retain soft tissues when the grave is opened, inhumations must continue for successive periods of two years until complete skeletonization is achieved. For the past decade, several Portuguese public cemeteries have been struggling with the lack of burial space mainly due to a slow cadaveric decomposition. As such, this work aims to understand if the chemical elemental concentrations found in the depositional environment of deceased individuals is influencing human taphonomy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 112 soil samples were collected from graves of five Portuguese public cemeteries and the concentration of 28 chemical elements was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A total of 56 head hair samples and 19 fingernail samples were also collected from cadaveric remains and analysed for the same purpose.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, all matrices showed statistically significant differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) between skeletonised and preserved individuals. Although it was considered that the preserved bodies would display higher elemental concentrations than the skeletonised ones, this hypothesis was not confirmed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The authors believe that changes in the burial conditions over time may have enable the disintegration of soft tissues even if they were initially preserved due to the presence of chemical elements. Similar studies on a global scale should be considered as they could bring together distinct perspectives and lead to more comprehensive and innovative solutions for cemetery management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 127551"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithium affects sodium balance but not intestinal microbiota - studies in Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"Katharina Jans ,&nbsp;Tobias Jöckel ,&nbsp;Jakob von Frieling ,&nbsp;Ignacio R. Ipharraguerre ,&nbsp;Thomas Roeder ,&nbsp;Kai Lüersen ,&nbsp;Gerald Rimbach","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The trace element lithium (Li) is known for its therapeutic mood-stabilizing application in humans, but also for its various bioactivities, which have been uncovered in model organisms. According to the literature, Li may interfere with the homeostasis of other minerals in mammals, namely sodium, calcium and magnesium. In addition, Li was found to influence the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in vertebrates, an observation that may be related to the many bioactivities of Li.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Based on these previous findings, we employed the model organism <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> to decipher whether Li exhibits similar bioactivities in invertebrates. First, we examined the influence of increasing dietary Li supply (0 −100 mM LiCl) on the status of Li and ten other minerals via Inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in heads and remaining body parts of the three wildtype strains <em>w</em>^{<em>1118</em>}, Oregon-R-C and Canton-S. In addition, we investigated the potential impact of Li feeding (0, 0.1, 1 mM LiCl) on the total bacterial load, α- and β-diversity via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT q-PCR) and 16S rDNA sequencing in the intestines of female <em>w</em>^{<em>1118</em>}.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our observations revealed that Li accumulates linearly in both sexes and all body parts of the three <em>Drosophila</em> strains as the dietary Li supply increases. While the status of most elements remained unchanged, the sodium levels of the fly also correlated positively with the Li content of the diet. The intestinal microbiota, however, remained largely unaffected by Li feeding in terms of both, bacterial load and diversity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings support the hypothesis that elevating the Li supply affects sodium homeostasis in <em>Drosophila</em>, a finding coherent with observations in mammals. Furthermore, our data opposes a possible involvement of the bacterial intestinal colonization in the bioactivity of Li in <em>Drosophila</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 127548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nephropathy induced by cisplatin results from mitochondrial disruption, impaired energy metabolism, altered expression of renal transporters, and accumulation of urinary toxins","authors":"Mingkang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianping Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanrong Ma ,&nbsp;Yongwen Jin ,&nbsp;Yile Li ,&nbsp;Xin’an Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The administration of platinum-based drugs such as cisplatin and its derivatives, which are frequently used during clinical chemotherapy, is highly restricted due to the incidence of nephrotoxicity. The present study focused on investigating cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity from the perspective of energy metabolism, renal transporter expression and urinary toxin accumulation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study investigated cisplatin's toxic effects, including nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, and splenotoxicity. We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize the accumulation of cisplatin in the kidney and the structure of renal mitochondria. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by cisplatin in renal tubular epithelial cells was evaluated by in vitro experiments, and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells and alterations to the renal microvasculature were assessed. Metabolites associated with the glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid pathways were measured, and renal transporters expression, autophagy, and urinary toxins (UTs) accumulation were also assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results reveal that cisplatin-induced varying degrees of damage to the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys, including inflammatory and fibrotic damage. Accumulation of cisplatin in renal mitochondria disrupted mitochondrial structure and mitochondrial function, as evidenced by decreased levels of glucose 6-phosphate and ribose 5-phosphate and elevated levels of isocitric acid. Cisplatin-induced accumulation of ROS in renal tubular epithelial cells led to apoptosis and, ultimately, constriction or loss of renal microvasculature. Furthermore, dysregulation of renal transporter expression, activation of autophagy and increased accumulation of UTs was observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Accumulation of cisplatin in the kidney led to damage to mitochondrial structure and function, apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, constriction or loss of renal microvasculature, dysfunction of renal transporters, activation of autophagy, and accumulation of UTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 127553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The integrated effect of roflumilast and selenium nanoparticles on nephrotoxicity generated by cisplatin through the regulation of the antioxidant and apoptotic pathways","authors":"Nashwa Barakat ,&nbsp;Ehab Ismail ,&nbsp;Faten Zahran","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The current investigations aimed to investigate the potential synergistic effect of Roflumilast (ROF) and Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) administration on Cisplatin (Cis) -induced nephrotoxicity.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Fifty male rats were divided into five groups; Control group: animals were administered 0.9 % saline solution. Cis group: animals were injected with a single dose of 6 mg/kg. ROF group: Rats received a dosage of 1.2 mg/kg orally daily for 11 days. SeNPs group: animals orally received 0.5 mg/kg of ROF daily for 11 days. The ROF + SeNPs group was administered both after receiving a Cis injection for 11 days. Animals were sacrificed at 5 and 11 days, and the urine and blood samples were collected on day 5 and day 11 for chemical analysis, while kidney samples were obtained for molecular, histological, and immunohistochemical studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The levels of serum creatinine, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and total protein were elevated in the Cis group compared to the control group <em>(p &lt; 0.05).</em> While the combination of ROF and SeNPs dramatically decreased these values after 5 and 11 days <em>(p &lt; 0.05).</em> In addition, Cis caused renal oxidative stress by elevating MDA levels and suppressing the activities of SOD, GSH, and CAT. Similarly, these effects were modulated by ROF and SeNPs after 11 days <em>(p &lt; 0.05).</em> Furthermore, the concurrent administration of ROF and SeNPs resulted in a significant increase in the expression of HO-1, Nrf2, and Bcl2, while decreasing the expression of BAX and IL-6 compared to the Cis group after 11 days <em>(P &lt; 0.05).</em></div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study showed that both ROF and SeNPs had significant therapeutic potential in reducing the pathological alterations caused by Cis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 127555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quercetin attenuates cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat","authors":"Yaning Shi ,&nbsp;Ke Wang ,&nbsp;Hao Ling ,&nbsp;Junbing Mao ,&nbsp;Bing Xu ,&nbsp;Zongping Liu ,&nbsp;Jicang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cadmium (Cd) is considered a major industrial and environmental toxicant, threatening the health of aquatic organisms, plants, animals, and humans. Quercetin (Que) is a natural flavonoid with antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the oxidative stress and apoptosis in Cd-induced hepatotoxicity and the protective effect of Que.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, 1 mg/kg Cd group, 2 mg/kg Cd group, 1 mg/kg Cd+Que group, 2 mg/kg Cd + Que group, and a Que group. After a feeding period of 28 days, serum and liver tissue samples were collected to evaluate liver function, oxidative stress levels, liver histology, and apoptosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Experimental results confirmed that compared with the control group, the body weights of the Cd group significantly decreased. Additionally, there was a tremendous increased in the levels of ALT, AST, and LDH, and a significant decreased in the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH content, while the level of MDA increased. Pathological sections of the liver showed that Cd-induced rats had ruptured liver tissue cells, exposed nuclei, and disturbed arrangement of hepatocyte cords. Cd exposure decreased the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 and NQO1 while increased the mRNA and protein expression of Keap1, thereby inducing oxidative stress. Meanwhile, Cd exposure increased the mRNA and protein expressions of Cytc, caspase-9, caspase-3, and Bax, while decreased the expression of Bcl-2. Conversely, after Que addition of alleviated liver injury and oxidative stress induced by Cd and inhibited apoptosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In conclusion, Que alleviates hepatic toxicity induced by Cd through suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 127554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The elemental variance between the \"rice\" and \"non-rice\" portions of Maifanitum and its health risk assessment","authors":"Liu Zhou ,&nbsp;Zheng Liu ,&nbsp;Yulu Ma ,&nbsp;Fang Fang ,&nbsp;Xilong Qian ,&nbsp;Yanqiong Pan ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiuxiu Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Zhao ,&nbsp;Shengjin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Maifanitum, a mineral used in Chinese medicine, was first documented during the Song Dynasty (960–1279). Historical records suggest its multifaceted therapeutic properties, including detoxification and stasis resolution, necrosis removal and tissue regeneration, diuretic and calculi dissolution and prolonging life. The concentration of elements in Maifanitum may vary depending on its origin, different parts, which can affect its effectiveness in different fields of applications. Therefore, the analysis of elements in Maifanitum and the subsequent health risk assessment have been conducted. This provides an important basis for the quality control and application safety of Maifanitum.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The analytical techniques employed in this study are inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), utilized for the quantitative assessment of 60 elements (Refer to <span><span>Appendix 1</span></span>) within Maifanitum samples. Based on the test results, chemometric methods are employed to evaluate the characteristics and differences in elemental concentration from different sources and locations. Additionally, a preliminary health risk assessment is conducted for Maifanitum from different origins and various parts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We have established a fingerprint of the elements within Maifanitum, demonstrating a commendable level of similarity. The findings from hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA） corroborated with those from principal component analysis (PCA), collectively unveiling a systematic profile of elemental disparities between Maifanitum samples of diverse origins and applications. It also revealed that there are differences in the concentration of Al, Ga, Be, Hf, Na, Sn, Ti, Zr, Gd, Tb, Sr, Pb, Ce, Ba and other elements in different parts of Maifanitum. While Cd, As, and Cu levels in all samples were within the permissible limits as defined by the Chinese Pharmacopeia, Pb concentrations in the majority of samples were found to surpass these standards, albeit slightly in the ''non-rice'' fraction. The assessment of both beneficial and deleterious elements indicates that the ''non-rice'' fraction of Maifanitum possesses superior quality attributes. Moreover, the overall concentration of rare earth elements in Maifanitum is substantially below the established lower threshold for daily human consumption, with no immediate evidence suggesting any adverse health risks.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides a basis for the quality control and safety evaluation of Maifanitum in clinical use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 127550"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper dyshomeostasis and its relationship to AMPK activation, mitochondrial dynamics, and biogenesis of mitochondria: A systematic review of in vivo studies","authors":"Sarah Maria van Tol Amaral Guerra ,&nbsp;Letícia Cordeiro Koppe de França ,&nbsp;Katriane Neto da Silva,&nbsp;Fabielly Scolari Grotto,&nbsp;Viviane Glaser","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Copper dyshomeostasis can be related to an increase in copper levels, resulting in toxicity, or to a decrease in tissues levels, impairing cuproenzyme activities. Inside cells, copper can be found in the cytoplasm and inside organelles, and the main organelle that compartmentalizes copper is the mitochondrion. This organelle can form networks and may fuse or fission from this, determining the mitochondrial fusion and fission processes, respectively. Together with mitophagy (autophagy of mitochondria) and mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion and fission (denominated mitochondrial dynamics) determine the number of mitochondria in a cell. A master regulator of mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis of new mitochondria is AMPK. Considering that both a decrease and an increase in copper levels can influence mitochondrial turnover, especially in diseases related to copper dyshomeostasis, the objective of this systematic review was to verify the current knowledge on the influence of copper homeostasis on AMPK activation, mitochondrial dynamics, and biogenesis of new mitochondria <em>in vivo</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, and Web of Science databases were used to search for articles in the literature. Data about the effects of a decrease or an increase in copper levels on the expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics or biogenesis, and data about AMPK and p-AMPK levels were extracted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Meta-analysis has demonstrated that high copper levels increase mitochondrial fission and inhibit mitochondrial fusion. Additionally, an increase in copper levels results in AMPK activation. Few studies have analyzed the effects of high copper levels on proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as the impact of a decrease in this metal on mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, and on AMPK activation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite the results gathered in this review, other studies are necessary to completely understand the role of copper in regulating AMPK activation, mitochondrial dynamics, and the biogenesis of new mitochondria, since the cell response to a copper dyshomeostasis could be different depending on the species and tissues analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 127549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}