Journal of Vegetation Science最新文献

{"title":"A roadmap to carefully select methods for dark-diversity studies","authors":"Bruno Paganeli,&nbsp;Junichi Fujinuma,&nbsp;Diego P. F. Trindade,&nbsp;Carlos P. Carmona,&nbsp;Meelis Pärtel","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13264","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dark diversity includes ecologically suitable species currently absent in a site, albeit theoretically able to arrive from the surrounding region. Various methods can estimate the likelihood that an absent species is in the dark diversity of a site. Recent developments in estimation of dark diversity have advanced the field, yet uncertainty on method selection might lead to confusion and misleading results. Here, we provide methodological guidance by reanalyzing a data set used in a recently published dark-diversity study (Hostens et al. 2023; Journal of Vegetation Science 34: e13212). Using various approaches to estimate dark diversity, we discuss why their estimations differ, and examine which methods are more appropriate than others for the particular data set. In this study, the hypergeometric method based on species co-occurrences outperformed the other considered methods (species distribution modelling, Beals index). Further, we show how estimations of dark diversity can be combined with a Bayesian framework to examine which characteristics of sites and species are related to their tendency to have higher dark-diversity size (sites) than expected or to be more frequently in dark diversity (species). This paper hopefully enhances confidence in dark-diversity methods, allowing progress in both ecological theory and biodiversity conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid as a rock: The main drivers of changes in natural, rocky plant communities","authors":"Kamila Reczyńska,&nbsp;Krzysztof Świerkosz","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13263","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes caused by climate warming and nitrogen pollution are observed in forest, grassland and alpine ecosystems worldwide. However, still little is known about the impact of these globally influencing factors on natural rocky plant communities. Has species composition of natural rocky communities changed over time? What is the role of large-scale and fine-scale environmental factors in shaping the compositional, functional and habitat patterns in studied plant communities over time?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sudetes Mountains, southwestern Poland.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used 214 pairs of replots (collected between 1989 and 2022) of rocky plant communities, with a mean timespan of 14.2 years. The changes in species composition, environmental conditions and functional traits were analysed using ordination techniques and generalised additive models (GAMs) and with reference to large-scale factors (mean maximum temperatures, actual evapotranspiration, N deposition) and fine-scale factors (light availability, bedrock type, initial site conditions) for each locality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Species composition of the studied communities has not changed significantly over time. Only for 11 out of 258 species, statistically significant increases (from 2% to 8%) in their proportion were recorded. The changes in environmental conditions were significantly influenced mainly by fine-scale factors such as changes in light availability and baseline site conditions. Plots that were initially less thermophilic or nitrophilic showed stronger signals of thermophilisation and eutrophication in the resurvey. The influence of large-scale factors was considerably less pronounced. Similarly, the key role in explaining changes in plant traits for the data set under study falls to local factors, particularly changes in light availability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study confirms the validity of considering both large- and fine-scale factors as well as initial site conditions in research on long-term changes in plant communities. Rocky plant communities respond to global changes in a different way than other types of phytocoenose, showing high stability of species composition and functional traits over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trait divergence in plant community assembly is generated by environmental factor interactions","authors":"Valério D. Pillar","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13259","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Question&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;What conditions drive trait divergence during community assembly through environmental filtering, and why are some communities more trait-diverse than others?&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;An individual-based, stochastic, spatially explicit metacommunity simulation model produced data on species traits, spatially autocorrelated, nested, feedback-generated environmental factors, and resulting community composition. I quantified environmentally driven alpha trait divergence using the correlation &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;b&gt;RE&lt;/b&gt;) to measure the relationship between Rao functional diversity and environmental factors. Environmentally driven beta trait divergence was assessed through the correlation &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;b&gt;VE&lt;/b&gt;), involving environmental factors and the squared residuals (&lt;b&gt;V&lt;/b&gt;) of a second-order polynomial regression of community-weighted means on environmental factors (&lt;b&gt;E&lt;/b&gt;). Permutation tests, assuming independence between traits and species composition, were used to establish the significance of &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;b&gt;RE&lt;/b&gt;) and &lt;span&gt;&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;b&gt;VE&lt;/b&gt;). Additionally, the method was applied to grassland and soil data collected in plots across southern Brazil. Both simulated and real data were analysed at two spatial resolutions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Significant &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;b&gt;VE&lt;/b&gt;) correlations were frequent with factor interactions incorporated in community assembly simulations, while &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;b&gt;VE&lt;/b&gt;) correlations mostly remained within expected Type I error range when factor interactions were absent. &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;b&gt;VE&lt;/b&gt;) was stronger than &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;b&gt;RE&lt;/b&gt;) at a finer spatial resolution and weaker than &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;b&gt;RE&lt;/b&gt;) when smaller community units were combined into larger units. &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;b&gt;VE&lt;/b&gt;) for specific leaf area (SLA) was related to soil variables, likely due to their interacting effects with total vegetation cover. When small plots were aggregated into larger units, &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;b&gt;VE&lt;/b&gt;) became non-significant, while &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;b&gt;RE&lt;/b&gt;) increased.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Environmentally driven trait divergence emerges during community assembly due to interactions between factors affecting the selection of individuals based on their traits. When the effects of these factors are spatially nested, including hidden, feedback-generated ones, trait divergence arises at the beta or alpha dimension, depending on the scale of the community units. This suggests that plant-to-plant positive or negative interactions, which can feedback on environmental factors and generate heterogeneity, do not necessarily lead to trait divergen","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140919248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant and soil microbial community assembly processes across urban vacant lots","authors":"Kaho Maehara,&nbsp;Yuki Iwachido,&nbsp;Himari Katsuhara,&nbsp;Mahoro Tomitaka,&nbsp;Kensuke Seto,&nbsp;Masayuki Ushio,&nbsp;Maiko Kagami,&nbsp;Takehiro Sasaki","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13262","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Numerous studies on community assembly processes have been conducted in natural ecosystems. However, we know little about community assembly processes in human-dominated urban ecosystems. Here, we asked: (1) how are the composition and functional diversity of native and exotic plant species shaped by local environment and landscape factors across urban vacant lots; and (2) how is microbial (bacterial and fungal) community composition influenced by the local environment, landscape factors, and plant species composition across urban vacant lots?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated 69 urban vacant lots in Yokohama, Japan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By using a variation partitioning approach, we examined the relative importance of local environmental and landscape factors (including land use and spatial structure) in explaining variation in plant species composition and functional diversity of native or exotic species. We also explored the relative importance of local environmental and landscape factors, and plant species composition in explaining variation in microbial community composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The spatial structure of vacant lots determined the species composition and functional diversity of plant communities, suggesting that plant community assembly is determined by dispersal limitation. However, the functional diversity of the exotic species varied randomly, which reduced the relative importance of the spatial structure of vacant lots. Plant species composition as well as the spatial structure of vacant lots were the important drivers of the composition of soil microbial communities, despite a higher proportion of unexplained variation in their composition. Finally, we found an essential contribution of earthmoving methods in explaining the variations in both plant and microbial community composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant and microbial community composition would be largely determined by dispersal limitation across urban vacant lots. Understanding urban community assembly is critical for predicting plant and microbial communities that play an essential role in regulating urban ecosystem functioning and services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140919247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of ecological niche models improves biogeographic regionalization of the Balsas Depression, Mexico","authors":"Mayra Flores-Tolentino,&nbsp;José Luis Villaseñor,&nbsp;Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez,&nbsp;Rolando Ramírez Rodríguez,&nbsp;Jonas Morales-Linares,&nbsp;Óscar Dorado","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13261","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biogeographic regionalization classifies zones in terms of their biotas and contributes to understanding the ecological and historical factors that affect the distribution of species. We use Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) to complement missing information on species distribution and thus improve the accuracy of biogeographic boundaries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Balsas Depression Floristic Province, Mexico.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on parameters documented in herbarium collections and environmental variables, ENM was carried out to determine the most suitable environmental conditions for a species to thrive (i.e., the species' ecological niche). The ENM and spatial analysis were used to obtain the biogeographic regionalization of the seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) in the Balsas Depression (BD), Mexico, through spatial analysis. Using the Maxent algorithm, we constructed ecological niche models (ENMs) of 134 flowering plant species distributed preferentially in the SDTF (characteristic species), most of them endemic to the BD. Subsequently, we obtained an incidence matrix based on the information from the 134 ENMs, which was used to analyze the turnover of species in Biodiverse software. The turnover matrix was used for Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) ordination and clustering analyses. Finally, the environmental predictors most related to species turnover were identified using the relative environmental turnover method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The clustering analysis divided the SDTF in the BD into four floristic districts — two located in its western part and two in the eastern region. The NMDS differentiated, in the first component, two districts in the western region and one in the eastern. Seven environmental variables contributed significantly to explaining the turnover of species in these districts; the most significant were the elevation, pH, and precipitation of the coldest quarter.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of ENM for the regionalization of areas with high species richness allows for a more detailed classification of subregions and the distribution patterns of the species that define their limits. This provides a more solid theoretical basis for the investigation of biogeographic patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140902660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A causal trait model for explaining foliar water uptake capacity","authors":"Ilaíne Silveira Matos,&nbsp;Sami Walid Rifai,&nbsp;Walquíria Felipe Gouveia,&nbsp;Imma Oliveras,&nbsp;Dulce Mantuano,&nbsp;Bruno H. P. Rosado","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13258","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plants largely vary in their capacity for foliar water uptake (FWU), that is, the capacity to increase leaf water content by directly absorbing water from leaf-wetting events. Climate change will reduce leaf wetting and increase drought events. Therefore, we need a better understanding of the underlying traits and mechanisms that facilitate FWU.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seasonally dry tropical montane grasslands in Brazil (<i>Campos de Altitude</i>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We measured FWU and leaf traits related to wettability, surface conductance, water potential and water storage on up to 55 plant species. By using Direct Acyclic Graph theory and Bayesian modelling, we tested how those leaf traits affect FWU.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that stomatal conductance largely explained interspecific variation in FWU, which was also favoured in species with hydrophilic leaves, high cuticular conductance, more negative leaf water potentials, low dry-matter content, isohydric behaviour, and more elastic cell walls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Due to the existence of trade-offs, not all species exhibit an optimal combination of traits that favours FWU. Instead, co-occurring species have achieved a similar capacity for FWU through distinct trait combinations. Consequently, species engaged in FWU may exhibit differential vulnerabilities to climate change as they can cope with drought using other strategies beside FWU.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140844852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-drought community turnover and functional redundancy in a tropical forest understorey","authors":"Karina Ferreira-Santos,&nbsp;Mário Luís Garbin,&nbsp;Tatiana Tavares Carrijo,&nbsp;Filipe Torres-Leite,&nbsp;Paulo Cezar Cavatte,&nbsp;André Tavares Corrêa Dias","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13256","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drought events are increasingly frequent, threatening the biodiversity of tropical forests. The understorey comprises a large fraction of the total plant species richness of these systems with the presence of highly diverse angiosperm families. Here, we quantified the effects of a drought on abundance and functional structures and on the ecosystem functioning of Rubiaceae assemblages along a topographic gradient.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mata das Flores State Park, an Atlantic Forest fragment in southeast Brazil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two vegetation surveys were performed: one during an El Niño-induced drought, and the other three years after this drought. Abundance and functional structures were assessed using the 16 most-abundant species of Rubiaceae, which comprised 92% of the total abundance. A litter decomposition experiment was carried out to estimate the percentage of mass loss by the Rubiaceae species. We carried out Procrustes analyses on abundance and functional structures and used Generalized Linear Mixed Models to test the effects of drought and topographic habitats on taxonomic and functional compositions, and mass loss.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that the functional structure and mass loss remained constant despite significant changes in the abundance structure after the drought.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The evidence points to the maintenance of ecosystem functioning through functional redundancy, because functionally similar less-abundant species replaced each other after the drought. We show that swarms of species can maintain biological diversity and stability in ecosystem functioning under drought in the understorey of a tropical forest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low replicability of testing the stress–dominance hypothesis using a trait convergence/divergence pattern","authors":"Naghmeh Pakgohar,&nbsp;Sándor Barabás,&nbsp;Mirjana Ćuk,&nbsp;Anikó Csecserits,&nbsp;Adrienn Gyalus,&nbsp;Attila Lengyel,&nbsp;Barbara Lhotsky,&nbsp;András Mártonffy,&nbsp;Gábor Ónodi,&nbsp;Tamás Rédei,&nbsp;Zoltán Botta-Dukát","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13260","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim<b>s</b></h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ecological theories predict that assembly processes are driven by two deterministic forces: environmental filtering and limiting similarity. Their relative importance under different environmental conditions is still not completely obvious. Therefore, in this paper the predictions of the stress–dominance hypothesis (SDH) are tested in several sites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Kiskunság in Hungary, and Deliblato Sands in Serbia, Central Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We studied a productivity gradient from open sand grasslands to meadows. The cover of species was estimated visually in plots with a size of 2 m × 2 m, resulting in 344 vegetation plots. Four trait values (height, seed mass, specific leaf area, and leaf size) were collected from field measurements and databases. The weighted median of interspecies distances in traits (a robust alternative to Rao's quadratic entropy) was used to determine functional diversity. The convergence and divergence of each trait in communities were evaluated by randomization tests, and effect sizes were calculated for each plot. We used hierarchical general additive models (HGAM) to determine whether the trend of effect sizes along the productivity gradient is the same in different sites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The HGAM approach indicated that trait variations follow global trends but are influenced by site-specific effects. The exception is seed mass, whose variation did not have any trend. Both environmental filtering and limiting similarity exist in the communities, and mainly a shift from trait convergence to a divergence pattern along the productivity gradient was observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results are mainly congruent with theoretical expectations, but the results from the different sites did not lead to the same conclusion. Although traits follow a global trend, the site effect is not negligible. Critical evaluation of SDH using trait convergence/divergence patterns for exploring rules of community assembly points out the weaknesses of this hypothesis. Therefore, alternative ways of studying trait patterns should be found to better understand community organization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupancy model reveals limited detectability of lichens in a standardised large-scale monitoring","authors":"Gesa von Hirschheydt,&nbsp;Marc Kéry,&nbsp;Stefan Ekman,&nbsp;Silvia Stofer,&nbsp;Michael Dietrich,&nbsp;Christine Keller,&nbsp;Christoph Scheidegger","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13255","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>What are the extent and the possible causes of imperfect detection in lichens? Because lichens are sessile and lack seasonality, they should be easier to survey than animals that can move or plants and fungi with seasonal morphology, and one could therefore expect relatively high detection probabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>826 standardised sampling plots across Switzerland.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using repeated detection/non-detection data from a national lichen survey conducted by professional lichenologists, we estimated the mean and variation in detectability for 373 tree-living species with a multi-species occupancy model. We also quantified the effect of species conspicuousness, identifiability and observer experience on detection probability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The average detection probability for a single survey was unexpectedly low with an average of 0.49 (range across species: 0.25–0.74). Conspicuous species showed higher average detectability (0.56) than inconspicuous species (0.41), and identifiability as well as previous experience with a species substantially increased the probability of a person detecting it. Accounting for experience, the mean detection probabilities of observers ranged from 0.32 to 0.69.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study confirms that detection probability per survey is often far below 1 also in sessile organisms, even when a standardised survey is conducted by experts. When species are seasonal (plants, fungi, etc.), survey areas are larger, or field personnel are less experienced, as is the case for many surveys and monitoring programs, detectabilities are likely to be substantially lower. We therefore argue that imperfect detection should systematically be considered in the survey design and data analysis also for sessile organisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13255","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140651206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in taxonomic and functional composition of subalpine plant communities in response to climate change under contrasting conditions of bedrock and snow cover duration","authors":"Richard Michalet,&nbsp;Blaise Touzard,&nbsp;Gilbert Billard,&nbsp;Philippe Choler,&nbsp;Grégory Loucougaray","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13253","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed interactions between climate change, bedrock types and snow cover duration on the trajectories of taxonomic and functional composition of subalpine plant communities. We predict (i) an increase in species richness on siliceous bedrock due to a reduced competition and a decrease in richness on calcareous bedrock due to increasing drought stress; (ii) decreasing snow cover duration should induce a higher shrub encroachment in hollows as compared to ridges; and (iii) increasing growing season temperature should induce taller sizes and more conservative growth traits, in particular in hollows.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Subalpine belt of the Grandes Rousses mountain range, southwestern Alps (France).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>189 vegetation plots were sampled in 1997 and 2017–2018. The duration of snow cover was assessed during two years in 1995–1997 and five functional traits were measured on 108 species in 2021. We performed multivariate analyses, quantified community-weighted means (CWM) of traits and used ANOVAs to detect responses to local-scale factors and changes in snow cover, temperature and precipitation since 1997 according to a nearby meteorological station.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, taxonomic composition weakly changed and changes were more dependent on the position of communities along the snow cover duration gradient than on their bedrock type. The abundance of drought-tolerant species increased at the border of hollows and there was, over all communities, a slight increase in the abundance of dwarf shrubs and tall herbaceous species, a strong decrease in short herbaceous species and, thus, an overall decrease in species richness. There were important overall changes in CWM of size traits, in particular leaf area which increased the most in hollows irrespective of bedrock types.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this subalpine site the effects of decreasing snow cover duration overwhelmed the effects of bedrocks, which may explain the overall increase in competitive species and decrease in species richness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140606289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}