Journal of Vegetation Science最新文献

{"title":"Role of Plant Specialists in Fine-Scale Diversity–Area Relationships (DARs) in Southern European Atlantic Coastal Dunes","authors":"Juan Antonio Campos, Diego Liendo, Idoia Biurrun, Marta Torca, Itziar García-Mijangos","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Species–area relationships (SARs) have traditionally focused on species richness only. However, other diversity components, such as phylogenetic diversity (phylogenetic diversity–area relationships [PDARs]), can also be measured at different spatial scales, providing a more comprehensive picture of the importance of spatial scale on plant diversity. Here, we focus on coastal dune habitats along the sea-inland gradient. We ask: (1) do fine-scale SAR and PDAR patterns change along the dune gradient? (2) is the phylogenetic structure of plant communities scale-dependent along this gradient? (3) does the rate of increase in taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity change along this gradient? (4) do specialist and/or generalist species influence these patterns?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atlantic coast of SW Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A nested-plot sampling design (0.0001–100 m<sup>2</sup>) was applied in three dune habitats. Diversity–area relationships were calculated based on taxonomic (TD) and phylogenetic (PD) diversity. Null models were also applied to the latter to partial out the effect of TD on PD (PD<sub>SES</sub>) and to analyse the phylogenetic structure. Changes in the rate of increase in taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity at a fine scale along the dune gradient were analysed by means of <i>z</i>-values. All analyses were performed for the whole species pool and for the subsets of dune specialists and generalists.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TD and PD increased inland along the dune gradient with a significantly major contribution of specialist species. PD<sub>SES</sub> mean values in embryo and mobile dunes were positive at all grain sizes, suggesting overdispersion. However, when individual PD<sub>SES</sub> values were analysed at the different grain sizes, the prevailing phylogenetic structure in these habitats did not deviate from random expectations. In fixed dunes, PD<sub>SES</sub> suggested a decrease in phylogenetic clustering that was partly confirmed when the individual values of PD<sub>SES</sub> were analysed at different grain sizes. <i>z</i>-values for TD and PD increased inland along the dune gradient, while for PD<sub>SES</sub> these values were close to zero in all three habitats. Again, specialists contributed significantly to the patterns in z-values.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dune specialists playe","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Willow above, changes below: Seedless tree invader impacts riparian seed bank in the Patagonian ecotone","authors":"María del Milagro Torres,&nbsp;Jorgelina Franzese,&nbsp;Melisa Blackhall,&nbsp;María Andrea Relva","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The soil seed bank, an ecosystem component with a crucial role in the natural regeneration of plant communities, can be impacted by invasive non-native plants. The impact of non-native plants can be direct with the production of their own seeds or indirect without producing seeds, which has been less investigated. We determined the impact of an invasive seedless tree, non-native willow (<i>Salix</i> × <i>rubens</i>), on the soil seed bank in a riparian ecosystem.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In autumn and spring 2022, we collected soil samples and estimated understorey cover, respectively, in plant communities invaded by willow and in uninvaded communities with a canopy dominated by native species. Over a year, we recorded the seedling emergence of soil samples to estimate the abundance, richness, and composition of the seed bank. We also compared the composition between the seed bank and understorey.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Total seed abundance and native woody species seed abundance decreased twofold and fourfold, respectively, in invaded plant communities in comparison with uninvaded communities. The most affected woody species was <i>Ochetophila trinervis</i>, a key tree species, because of its dominance in the canopy and understorey, and its role in various ecological processes (nitrogen cycling). In addition, willow invasion moderately changed the seed bank species composition producing species turnover. For both the seed bank and the understorey, species composition was more similar between invaded and uninvaded communities than between the seed bank and understorey. Willow invasion had more impact on understorey composition than on the seed bank.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although willows do not produce seeds regionally, their invasion negatively impacts the soil seed bank by replacing native woody canopy species that supply seeds to the seed bank. These impacts could result in notable changes in the structure of the plant communities and the ecosystem dynamics of riparian areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mammalian herbivory alters structure, composition and edaphic conditions of a grey-dune community","authors":"Sandra Francés Alcántara,&nbsp;Rubén Retuerto,&nbsp;Julia Sánchez Vilas","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mammalian herbivory affects the structure and composition of plant communities, soil characteristics and intraspecific leaf traits. Understanding the effects of this type of herbivory is particularly relevant in grey dunes, a priority habitat type of the European Union Habitats Directive.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sálvora island (NW Spain).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vegetation surveys and sampling were carried out in a coastal grey-dune community, comparing the structure and composition of plant communities and soil characteristics in plots with herbivory exclusion and plots with herbivore activity, in autumn and spring. Changes in the specific leaf area (SLA), C/N ratio, δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N of two main plant species were also analysed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The differentiation between treatments was low in autumn, in contrast to spring results, which demonstrated seasonal variation in the plant community and herbivore behaviour. Spring results showed lower above-ground dry mass in plots with herbivory due to defoliation, but greater richness and diversity, indicating that intermediate levels of disturbance reduced competition from dominant species. Herbivory treatments were different in terms of species composition, highlighting the positive effects of herbivory on the development of the threatened species <i>Linaria arenaria.</i> Soil temperature and moisture content were higher in herbivory plots because of the suppression of vegetation cover and the effect of trampling, respectively. No differences were detected in the chemical composition of the soil or the SLA, although the variability of these traits was greater in herbivory plots, indicating spatial heterogeneity generated by the activity of herbivores. No differences between treatments were obtained for % C and δ¹³C, whereas herbivory plots showed lower values of N content and δ¹⁵N as an adaptive response to herbivory pressure at the leaf and root level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings show that herbivory effects on plant communities vary by season — stronger in spring and weaker in autumn — emphasising the need for seasonal analysis and highlighting disturbance as a driver of spatial heterogeneity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeat photography reveals long-term climate change impacts on sub-Antarctic tundra vegetation","authors":"Stephni van der Merwe,&nbsp;Michelle Greve,&nbsp;Michael Timm Hoffman,&nbsp;Andrew Luke Skowno,&nbsp;Nita Pallett,&nbsp;Aleks Terauds,&nbsp;Steven Louden Chown,&nbsp;Michael Denis Cramer","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At high latitudes, anthropogenic climate change and invasive species threaten biodiversity, often with interacting effects. Climate change not only impacts native plant species directly by driving distribution and abundance of species, but indirectly through the influence on community dynamics and habitat suitability to invasive species. A key obstacle to quantifying vegetation change in the sub-Antarctic is the scarcity of cloud-free satellite imagery in a region with near-permanent cloud cover and lack of long-term plot data. In this paper, we aim to address the following questions: how has vegetation in the sub-Antarctic changed between 1965 and 2020? What are the roles of climate change and invasive species in driving these changes?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was conducted on Marion Island in the sub-Antarctica.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We quantified vegetation change by analysing repeat ground photography between 1965 and 2020, accompanied by an analysis of climate trends and invasive plant species’ cover changes over the same period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Total vegetation cover was significantly higher in 2020 than in 1965 in all habitats other than in the coastal saltspray habitat, indicating an increase in overall biomass on the island. The more responsive ‘generalist’ plant species have expanded across the island, whilst the more ‘specialised’ plant species have not significantly changed in cover, with the exception of the mire graminoids, which have declined. Marion Island has thus undergone significant vegetation change, showing a greening trend across most habitats in the last five decades. This has been accompanied by aridification, an increase in mean air temperature, changes in wind direction and wind speed, and an increase in invasive mouse populations. The three most widespread invasive plant species have also expanded their ranges, especially in areas influenced by animal disturbance and nutrient input.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In congruence with research from Northern-hemisphere tundra and other islands in the sub-Antarctic, these results provide substantive empirical evidence for the interacting effects of climate change and invasive species on sub-Antarctic tundra vegetation, as has long been predicted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term vegetation shifts in an alpine grassland under current and simulated climate change","authors":"T’ai Gladys Whittingham Forte,&nbsp;Michele Carbognani,&nbsp;Andrea Vannini,&nbsp;Giorgio Chiari,&nbsp;Alessandro Petraglia","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70000","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Questions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Recent years have been characterised by extreme climate conditions. Given that high elevations are undergoing enhanced warming and alpine ecosystems provide important services, we ask: Have alpine grasslands experienced rapid vegetation changes over the last five years? Which species are more sensitive to warmer and/or drier conditions?&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Carex curvula&lt;/i&gt; grassland in the southern Alps (Italy).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Species cover was visually estimated in 20 permanent plots, including both control and climate-manipulated plots, during the period 2017–2022. Climate manipulations, that is, increased temperature and/or reduced precipitation during the snow-free period, started from 2018. Principal component analysis, redundancy analysis and generalised least-squares or linear mixed-effect models were employed to investigate variations in species assemblage and species-specific responses.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Detectable changes were found in species cover over time and between climate manipulations, with warmed plots experiencing greater shifts in species composition compared to controls. At the species level, however, both increases and decreases in cover were observed over time, with only two non-dominant forbs, &lt;i&gt;Phyteuma hemisphaericum&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Leucanthemopsis alpina&lt;/i&gt;, showing either increased cover in warmed plots or lower cover values under drier conditions. No treatment effects and the lowest variation across years were found for the two dominant species (the sedge &lt;i&gt;Carex curvula&lt;/i&gt; and the forb &lt;i&gt;Alchemilla pentaphyllea&lt;/i&gt;) which together make up more than 70% of vascular plant cover. Despite the short time period investigated, a major cover reduction was observed in all treatments for some snowbed species.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The plant species assemblage of the target alpine grassland was found to be sensitive to short-term manipulations simulating future climate changes, with individual species exhibiting idiosyncratic responses to manipulations and different cover dynamics over time. A decline in some snowbed specialists already seems to be taking place even in these late-successional grasslands — at a rate likely to increase in the future — with the majority of other vascular species exhibiting greater resistance to changing environmental conditions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does the taxonomic and functional structure of plant communities differ between riverine and palustrine swamps?","authors":"Philippe Janssen,&nbsp;Laurie Bisson-Gauthier,&nbsp;Eduardo González-Sargas,&nbsp;Audréanne Loiselle,&nbsp;Marcel Darveau,&nbsp;Bérenger Bourgeois,&nbsp;Monique Poulin","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13319","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>How does the type of swamp, that is, riverine vs palustrine, shape understorey and overstorey plant communities? Beyond swamp type, how do spatial, topographic, soil and landscape characteristics determine the taxonomic and functional structure of swamp communities?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Southern Québec, Canada.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sampled riverine and palustrine swamp plant communities in two watersheds within two ecoregions with contrasting land use. At the site scale (<i>n</i> = 56), we analyzed differences between riverine and palustrine swamps in plant richness and cover, species composition, and mean and dispersion values for ecological and morphological traits. At the plot scale (<i>n</i> = 213), we assessed the relative influence of a set of environmental parameters on species richness and cover, as well as on trait values using mixed models and on species composition using redundancy analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Species composition and the mean value of traits varied significantly between the two types of swamps. While riverine swamps hosted more non-native species and were composed of more mesophilic species, shorter in height and with dominant resource acquisition strategies, palustrine swamps sheltered more non-vascular taxa and tall hygrophilous vascular species with more conservative resource strategies. The surrounding landscape and local microtopography within swamps had a significant effect on plant community structure. Species diversity and trait dispersion increased from agricultural-dominated to forest-dominated landscapes, and from homogeneous to heterogeneous substrates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Habitats provided by riverine and palustrine swamps are complementary for wetland biodiversity. Our results underline the need to develop conservation plans to protect a wide variety of freshwater swamp types; for example, management actions that maintain or promote heterogeneous topographic forms at the site scale, and continuity of forest cover at the landscape scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of local plant diversity and community saturation in deciduous forests in Europe","authors":"Jolina Paulssen,&nbsp;Jörg Brunet,&nbsp;Sara A. O. Cousins,&nbsp;Guillaume Decocq,&nbsp;Pieter De Frenne,&nbsp;Pallieter De Smedt,&nbsp;Per-Ola Hedwall,&nbsp;Jonathan Lenoir,&nbsp;Jaan Liira,&nbsp;Jessica Lindgren,&nbsp;Tobias Naaf,&nbsp;Taavi Paal,&nbsp;Alicia Valdés,&nbsp;Kris Verheyen,&nbsp;Monika Wulf,&nbsp;Martin Diekmann","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13318","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>How do local forest conditions and characteristics at the forest patch - scale and landscape - scale affect plot-scale plant diversity in Europe? Do these patterns vary between forest specialists and generalists? Do community saturation patterns differ between forests varying in their surrounding landscape type?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Deciduous forests sampled along a European gradient from southwest to northeast comprising eight regions in five countries (France, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, Estonia).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined the effects of local conditions assessed by means of Ellenberg indicator values (soil moisture, soil nitrogen, soil pH, light availability), patch-scale characteristics (patch-scale plant diversity, forest patch age, forest patch size) and a landscape-scale variable (representing low and high connectivity of forest patches) on plot-scale plant diversity, separately for forest specialist and generalist species. Additionally, we ran regression models to examine community saturation patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found patterns of niche partitioning among forest specialists and generalists. Low light availability and medium soil moisture favored forest specialists, while generalists were mostly present at higher light availability and medium and high soil moisture. In general, we found the highest plot-scale diversity at medium soil pH. Patch-scale diversity showed a positive impact on plot-scale diversity and plots in the high-connectivity landscape had a higher diversity than plots in the low-connectivity landscape. Further, we observed a high degree of community saturation in both landscape types.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The positive impact of a high connectivity of forest patches on local plant diversity emphasizes the importance of small semi-natural habitats like tree lines, unused field margins and hedgerows to enhance the potential dispersal of forest plants across agricultural landscapes. Community saturation patterns revealed the increasing relevance of local conditions and processes for plot-scale diversity when patch-scale diversity increases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid declines in species diversity and occurrence of common plant species are related to nutrient availability and soil moisture in open habitats","authors":"Maxime Buron,&nbsp;Emmanuelle Porcher,&nbsp;Eric Fédoroff,&nbsp;Luc Berrod,&nbsp;Jeanne Vallet,&nbsp;Olivier Bardet,&nbsp;Gabrielle Martin,&nbsp;Nathalie Machon","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13316","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Environmental changes in Europe influence plant community composition, but the literature quantifying these changes often shows inconsistent trends, due mostly to heterogeneous survey methods. Here, we investigated temporal changes in plants over 12 years at the species and community level at a regional scale, using a standardized, plot-based monitoring scheme.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data originated from 1,389 permanent plots of a standardized monitoring scheme targeting plant communities. Plots were distributed in the Burgundy region (France), initially grouped into 175 (2 km × 2 km) grid cells containing eight 10-m² plots each, that were surveyed in at least 2 years between 2009 and 2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We characterized changes in vascular plants in 10-m² plots by examining the temporal changes in the probability of occurrence of common species, changes in species diversity using species richness, Shannon–Wiener and Pielou's indices and changes in abundance-weighted mean community ecological preferences using Ellenberg indicator values.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Across 198 common species, probability of occurrence in the region has shown a decline since 2009. This decline is associated with a general decrease by 13% of both species richness and the Shannon index between 2009 and 2020. This trend was stronger in annual crops and grasslands, whereas forest diversity remained relatively constant over time. Pielou's index diminished on average, except in natural forests. Mean community Ellenberg indicator values suggested slight changes in plant community composition, with an increasing preference for nutrient-poor soils and Atlantic conditions over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The observed biodiversity loss in the Burgundy region is consistent with a widespread shift in community composition in response to environmental change. Existing conservation measures do not seem to compensate for the average losses, indicating that these measures are still inadequate to protect plant communities. Our approach also emphasizes the speed at which plant communities are changing and thus the need for better monitoring of the European flora.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"You shall know a species by the company it keeps: Leveraging co-occurrence data to improve ecological prediction","authors":"Andrew Siefert,&nbsp;Daniel C. Laughlin,&nbsp;Francesco Maria Sabatini","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13314","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Making predictions about species, including how they respond to environmental change, is a central challenge for ecologists. Because of the huge number of species, ecologists seek generalizations based on species’ traits and phylogenetic relationships, but the predictive power of trait-based and phylogenetic models is often low. Species co-occurrence patterns may contain additional information about species’ ecological attributes not captured by traits or phylogenies. We propose using a novel ordination technique to encode the information contained in species co-occurrence data in low-dimensional vectors that can be used to represent species in ecological prediction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present an efficient method to derive species vectors from co-occurrence data using Global Vectors for Word Representation (GloVe), an unsupervised learning algorithm originally designed for language modelling. To demonstrate the method, we used GloVe to generate vectors for nearly 40,000 plant species using co-occurrence statistics derived from sPlotOpen, an open-access global vegetation plot database, and tested their ability to predict elevational range shifts in European montane plant species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Co-occurrence-based species vectors were weakly correlated with traits or phylogeny, indicating that they encode unique information about species. Models including co-occurrence-based vectors explained twice as much variation in species range shifts as models including only traits or phylogenetic information.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given the widespread availability of species occurrence data, species vectors learned from co-occurrence patterns are a widely applicable and powerful tool for encoding ecological information about species, with many potential applications for describing and predicting the ecology of species, communities and ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three decades of understorey vegetation change in Quercus-dominated forests as a result of increasing canopy mortality and global change symptoms","authors":"Janez Kermavnar,&nbsp;Lado Kutnar","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13317","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Questions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The long-term response of understorey vegetation to increasing tree mortality has rarely been addressed in resurvey studies. For two &lt;i&gt;Quercus&lt;/i&gt;-dominated forest types, we asked: (a) How did overstorey alterations, induced by canopy mortality, affect understorey diversity and composition? (b) Is there a signal of global change effects on understorey communities? (c) Are these assemblages experiencing a homogenization process?&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Five sites in &lt;i&gt;Quercus robur&lt;/i&gt; (QR) and four sites in &lt;i&gt;Q. petraea&lt;/i&gt; (QP) forests, Slovenia.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We studied changes in vascular plants in the understorey layer from 1992/1993 to 2023 across 45 permanent 20 m × 20 m plots in QR and QP forests, respectively. Vegetation surveys were carried out following the standard Braun-Blanquet method. We compared original surveys with recent resurveys using multivariate analysis, ecological indicator values (EIV), plant traits and methods that quantify changes in individual species.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Since the early 1990s, tree layer cover decreased from 95% to an average of 55% in QR, whereas it remained relatively high (77%) in QP plots. This resulted in denser understorey vegetation and a significant increase in plot-level species richness in QR forests, but a slight decrease in QP forests. The extensive loss of canopy cover and disturbance effects in QR forests caused significant changes in species composition. Species turnover in QR was driven by colonization of new disturbance-tolerant taxa characterized by ruderal traits, whereas the compositional shift in QP was to a greater extent due to species losses. We detected a process of vegetation thermophilization (increase in EIV-temperature), suggesting an effect of rapid climatic warming. Understorey communities are now more similar to each other than 30 years ago, indicating a decrease in beta-diversity (floristic homogenization).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Despite some common trends, vegetation responses were forest type-specific. Our study presents evidence of understorey vegetation changes triggered by increased canopy mortality (a strong local driver particularly in QR plots) and also points to the signal of global change symptoms (thermophilization, homogenization), which acted rather independently from the observed decline in tree layer cover.&lt;/","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}