Journal of Vegetation Science最新文献

{"title":"Intense light and conspecific density increase seedling mortality across age groups in a typhoon-disturbed tropical forest","authors":"Yung-Chiau Lin,&nbsp;Kuo-Jung Chao,&nbsp;Guo-Zhang M. Song,&nbsp;Wei-Chun Chao,&nbsp;Chia-Hao Chang-Yang,&nbsp;Chang-Fu Hsieh","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13309","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maintaining forest species diversity, regenerative function and ecosystem resilience begins with successful seedling establishment. Despite their critical role, seedlings face the highest mortality risks among plant life-history stages. Our research aims to answer the following questions: In a tropical forest disturbed by typhoons, what is the median survival time for seedlings, to what extent do light levels contribute to mortality risks and what are the crucial mortality risks across seedling age groups?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A tropical mountain zonal foothill evergreen broad-leaved forest in Nanjenshan Nature Reserve, Taiwan, frequently visited by typhoons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated woody seedlings in 75 quadrats (each 1 m × 1 m) every 3 months from October 2009 to January 2018, spanning 8.3 years with 34 censuses. We used the Kaplan–Meier method to estimate seedlings’ median survival time and Generalized Linear Models to identify mortality risk factors for all seedlings and those that persisted beyond the median survival time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median survival time for all seedlings was 0.5 years, ranging from 0.25 years for shade-intolerant species to 1.25 years for shade-tolerant species. Seedlings germinated in high-light microhabitats and high conspecific seedling density exhibited higher mortality probabilities, regardless of age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study reveals the short survival time and key mortality risks of seedlings in a typhoon-disturbed forest. The negative impact of light levels on seedling survival highlights the potential consequences of increased light levels resulting from typhoon disturbances in the study region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glacier extinction homogenizes functional diversity via ecological succession","authors":"Nora Khelidj,&nbsp;Marco Caccianiga,&nbsp;Bruno E. L. Cerabolini,&nbsp;Duccio Tampucci,&nbsp;Gianalberto Losapio","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13312","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The disappearance of glaciers threatens biodiversity and the functioning of ecosystems. Yet, questions remain about the response of functional diversity to glacier retreat. How does glacier retreat influence functional diversity? How does glacier retreat influence the relationship between taxonomic diversity and functional diversity? How does glacier retreat impact community mean and intraspecific trait variability (ITV) of key functional traits?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four retreating glacier ecosystems in the Italian Alps. Plant communities spanning 0 to ca 5000 years on average after glacier retreat, including a scenario of glacier extinction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We quantified functional diversity analyzing twelve plant traits associated to carbon and nitrogen cycling, resource allocation, and reproduction of 117 plant species. We addressed how functional diversity changes with glacier retreat and taxonomic diversity (i.e., plant species richness).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant functional diversity decreases with glacier extinction while increasing with species richness. The positive relationship between taxonomic and functional diversity becomes flatter, that is, less important, with glacier retreat. We document sharp changes in functional niche position and breadth with glacier retreat. Key functional traits associated with carbon cycling and resource allocation change substantially with ecological succession triggered by glacier retreat. Traits associated to nitrogen cycling show little change. We also found that flowering start shifted earlier in the season while flowering period increased with glacier retreat.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results demonstrate the pervasive impact of glacier extinction on the functioning of plant communities. Changes in functional mean and functional variation indicate shifts in niche position and niche breadth which could have implications for species adaptation to changing environments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species–soil relationships across Amazonia: Niche specificity and consistency in understorey ferns","authors":"Hanna Tuomisto,&nbsp;Lassi Suominen,&nbsp;Alfonso Alonso,&nbsp;Glenda Cárdenas,&nbsp;Samuli Lehtonen,&nbsp;Gabriel Massaine Moulatlet,&nbsp;Eneas Pérez,&nbsp;Anders Sirén,&nbsp;Patrick Weigelt,&nbsp;Gabriela Zuquim","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13307","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Knowledge about species niches along environmental gradients is needed to understand community assembly and spatial variation in floristic composition and species richness. In Amazonian rainforests, such knowledge is largely lacking, although ferns have been used to infer overall floristic and edaphic patterns. Here we explore fern species distributions along an important edaphic gradient, how narrow their realised niches are and how sensitive inferences are to species commonness, data quality and the region being sampled.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Amazonia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used a large data set (1,215 transects across lowland Amazonia) to explore the realised niches of 54 species of two fern genera (<i>Adiantum</i> and <i>Lindsaea</i>) along a soil base cation concentration gradient. We used weighted averaging to estimate species optima and niche widths, and Huisman–Olff–Fresco modelling to assess species response shapes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, species optima were rather evenly spread along the soil base cation concentration gradient, but <i>Lindsaea</i> optima were limited to the lower half of the gradient, whereas <i>Adiantum</i> optima were more often in the upper half. Most species had unimodal response curves. Mean niche width was ca. 25% of the observed gradient length for <i>Adiantum</i> and 17% for <i>Lindsaea</i> and was only weakly or not at all related to different aspects of species commonness. Species optima were robust to different modelling approaches and consistent across regional subsets. However, the central Amazonian data contained no transects with high soil base cation concentration, so species with high optima were either absent or obtained a lower optimum than in the NW and SW regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results support niche-related species sorting as an important process that defines species co-occurrence, turnover and richness patterns within Amazonian rainforests. All <i>Adiantum</i> and <i>Lindsaea</i> species, including the most abundant ones, had narrow enough realised niches to be considered useful indicators of edaphic and floristic variation within the rainforest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns and drivers of alien plant invasion in Uruguayan grasslands","authors":"Anaclara Guido,&nbsp;Alice Altesor,&nbsp;Valerie Cayssials,&nbsp;Felipe Lezama,&nbsp;Ana Laura Mello,&nbsp;José Paruelo,&nbsp;Santiago Baeza","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13306","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the patterns of alien plant invasions and their underlying drivers is a key step in conserving the remaining native grasslands of Uruguay. We addressed the level of invasion by considering the four invasive alien plants of these ecosystems, <i>Cynodon dactylon</i>, <i>Eragrostis plana</i>, <i>Senecio madagascariensis</i> and <i>Ulex europaeus</i>, throughout the country.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Remnant native grasslands of Uruguay, constituting part of the Río de la Plata grasslands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extensive fieldwork was carried out over five years of data collection, including hierarchically randomized observations (around 2000) nested in 137 10 × 10-km² squares covering different geomorphological regions. For each invasive alien species, we constructed distribution maps to show their patterns; for the two most abundant, we fitted models to identify the main explanatory variables at different spatial scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that 77% of the squares were invaded by at least one target species. The level of invasion varied between regions and target plants. The most abundant invasive alien species were <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> and <i>Senecio madagascariensis;</i> while <i>Eragrostis plana</i> and <i>Ulex europaeus</i> were scarce. <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> cover was related to a set of variables at different spatial scales, including climate, topography and several local community descriptors. <i>Senecio madagascariensis</i> cover was positively associated with grassland fragmentation and anthropic disturbance at the landscape, and a few local descriptors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The large sampling effort at the country level, with a randomized design, allowed for a reliable assessment of the level of invasion of Uruguayan grasslands and its possible drivers. This is an important step in the design of policies to conserve Uruguay's remaining native grasslands. We suggest that the prevention should focus on the Basaltic Cuestas region, while control and containment should prioritize the eastern and south-central parts of the country, focusing mainly on <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of vascular plant, bryophyte and lichen richness in grasslands along a precipitation gradient (central Apennines, Italy)","authors":"Laura Cancellieri,&nbsp;Marta G. Sperandii,&nbsp;Leonardo Rosati,&nbsp;Bruno Bellisario,&nbsp;Cinzia Franceschini,&nbsp;Michele Aleffi,&nbsp;Fabrizio Bartolucci,&nbsp;Thomas Becker,&nbsp;Elena Belonovskaya,&nbsp;Asun Berastegi,&nbsp;Idoia Biurrun,&nbsp;Michele Brunetti,&nbsp;Christoph Bückle,&nbsp;Rongxiao Che,&nbsp;Fabio Conti,&nbsp;Iwona Dembicz,&nbsp;Stefania Fanni,&nbsp;Edy Fantinato,&nbsp;Dieter Frank,&nbsp;Anna Rita Frattaroli,&nbsp;Itziar Garcia-Mijangos,&nbsp;Adalgisa Guglielmino,&nbsp;Monika Janišová,&nbsp;Samuele Maestri,&nbsp;Martin Magnes,&nbsp;Giovanna Potenza,&nbsp;Riccardo Primi,&nbsp;Nikolay Sobolev,&nbsp;Nadezda Tsarevskaya,&nbsp;Andrea Vacca,&nbsp;Jürgen Dengler,&nbsp;Goffredo Filibeck","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13305","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semi-natural grasslands in Southern Europe are biodiversity hotspots, yet their patterns of plant species richness are less studied than in Central Europe. In the Central Apennines (Italy), there are large areas of dry calcareous grasslands, across a steep gradient of mean annual precipitation (from 650 to 1350 mm within c. 30 km). We asked: How do these grasslands compare to other Palaearctic grasslands in richness levels? How do the precipitation gradient and other environmental predictors influence species richness? Does this influence differ among taxonomic groups?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Submontane and lower-montane belt of the Central Apennines (Abruzzo and Lazio, Italy).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recorded the species richness of vascular plants and (terricolous) bryophytes and lichens in 97 plots of 10 m², aligning them with the precipitation gradient while maintaining geological substrate and elevation similar. Mean temperature and precipitation were estimated with a high-resolution regional model. A wide array of environmental variables (including soil properties and grazing load) were measured for each plot. Multivariate relationships within and between response and predictor variables were studied with Canonical Correlation. The relative importance of predictors on response variables was modeled with Boosted Regression Trees.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sampled grasslands were very species-rich in the Palaearctic context. Vascular plant richness was negatively influenced by topographic heat load and soil sand content, but we did not detect a relationship with mean annual precipitation. Bryophyte richness was poorly modeled by the measured variables, although it was positively correlated with lichen richness. Lichen richness had a marked negative relationship with soil phosphorus and mean annual precipitation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Southern European semi-natural mountain grasslands, vascular plant richness is driven more by fine-scale edaphic factors than by precipitation gradients. In contrast, bryophyte and lichen species richness is predicted by a mixture of climatic and edaphic variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Succession in abandoned fields: Chronosequence data verified by monitoring of semi-permanent plots","authors":"Klára Řehounková,&nbsp;Lubomír Tichý,&nbsp;Karel Prach","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13303","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Questions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Is there a similarity between successional patterns in abandoned fields identified (a) through analysis of differently aged sites examined at one point in time (chronosequence) and (b) those derived from a limited set of semi-permanent plots? What is the rate of succession on dry and mesic abandoned fields and how is the participation of different functional groups changing during succession?&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Bohemian Karst, the Czech Republic, Europe.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study utilises data collected from dry and mesic abandoned fields between 1975 and 2019. A data set of 129 chronosequence vegetation samples (54 dry and 75 mesic plots) and 26 samples from six semi-permanent plots (11 dry and 15 mesic) with different repetitions were analysed. Plot age (since abandonment) varied from 1 to 91 years for chronosequences and up to 99 years for semi-permanent data. Moreover, we compared the rate of succession between dry and mesic series using Bray–Curtis dissimilarity. We used a generalised linear mixed model to study the relationship between the cover of different functional groups and the age of abandoned fields.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The successional patterns observed on abandoned fields were consistent between the chronosequence and semi-permanent plots. Both on dry and mesic fields, the early stages of succession transitioned from open annual to perennial herbal vegetation. In mesic fields, the succession led to woodland stands within approximately 25–30 years. Conversely, succession slowed down in dry fields and has persisted for several decades in a stage dominated mostly by perennial graminoids accompanied by scattered shrubs and trees. The trends detected with the chronosequence approach for the different functional groups corresponded to those found in semi-permanent dry and mesic series plots.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The plots using a chronosequence approach can reliably reveal general successional patterns comparable to those obtained from semi-permanent plots. Observing a higher number of plots at one time may better illustrate the variability of succession at the landscape scale than a detailed, long-lasting study of a low number of semi-permanent plots. In the studied area, the dry abandoned fields host a long-persisting non-forest state of succession under the current climatic conditions,","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grazing exclusion effects on vegetation structure and soil organic matter in savannas of Río de la Plata grasslands","authors":"Micaela Abrigo,&nbsp;Felipe Lezama,&nbsp;Iván Grela,&nbsp;Gervasio Piñeiro","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13304","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Herbivores change plant communities and biogeochemical cycles by changing species composition and soil organic matter contents through different mechanisms. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of livestock removal on plant species composition and soil organic matter stocks in savannas of the Río de la Plata grasslands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Locations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A subtropical savanna in Río Negro, Uruguay.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The experiment consisted of a paired grazing exclusion randomized block design with five sites, where livestock was excluded for 29 years. We recorded differences in plant species composition in different strata and extracted soil cores to analyze soil carbon and nitrogen stocks, and δ¹³ carbon contents in two different soil organic matter fractions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Long-term livestock removal reduced plant species richness and diversity, altered the floristic composition and facilitated native-shrub encroachment. Grazing exclusion modified the relative frequency of plant functional types and reduced summer-growing grasses. We recorded 45 species common to both grazing and exclosure treatments, while 19 were present only in exclosure sites and 39 only in grazed sites. Livestock exclusion had a differential effect on soil organic matter formation, increased soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in the mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) but tended to slightly reduce them in the particulate organic matter fraction (POM). Grazing removal modified the C₃/C₄ species cover and these differences were reflected in the δ¹³C contents of both POM and MAOM fractions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Removal of domestic herbivores increased shrub abundance, decreased plant species richness and diversity but increased total carbon and nitrogen contents in soil organic matter. Our results suggest that grazed and exclosure areas should be combined mosaically in the landscape to maximize plant species diversity and soil organic carbon sequestration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142234814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community ionomics reveals a diversity of mineral nutrition in a species-rich shrubland on infertile soil","authors":"Juliette Hocedez,&nbsp;Karine Gotty,&nbsp;Vanessa Hequet,&nbsp;Sandrine Chay,&nbsp;Audrey Léopold,&nbsp;Stéphane Dray,&nbsp;Yohan Pillon","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13301","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High species richness is observed in certain shrublands on infertile substrates. Mineral nutrients are likely to be the primary limiting resources in these ecosystems, and below-ground plant interactions may be crucial to understanding their diversity. Using ionomics, we investigated whether there were nutritional variations between plant species that coexist in a shrubland located in an edaphically extreme environment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>New Caledonia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We set up a 20 m × 20 m plot in a diverse shrubland (“maquis”) on ultramafic (infertile) substrate, in which we sampled all 475 plants taller than 1 m and characterized their ionome (22 elements).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In our study, 37 species were identified in the plot, representing all major forms of mycorrhizal symbioses, as well as nitrogen-fixing plants, cluster rooted and parasitic plants. Notably, both nickel hyperaccumulating and manganese hyperaccumulating species were present. Hypervolume approaches were used to assess ionome overlap among the nine most abundant species, with the results revealing limited overlap. Moreover, it was observed that the rarest species in the plot also had the most functionally distinct features.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Different nutritional strategies were present in the plot, as demonstrated by the variety of root symbioses and leaf ionomes. Our findings indicate coexistence of multiple species within this infertile shrubland may be achieved by species partitioning into different highly specialized biogeochemical niches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grass layer limits tree seedling survival but not tree seedling growth in African and South American savannas","authors":"Lucía S. Mochi,&nbsp;Thomas A. Morrison,&nbsp;Nicola Stevens,&nbsp;Noemí Mazía,&nbsp;T. Michael Anderson,&nbsp;Ricardo M. Holdo","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13302","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>How does the grass layer affect seedlings across large environmental gradients in savannas?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Savanna sites in Argentina, Tanzania, and South Africa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We carried out a joint analysis of three grass removal experiments in which seedlings of various Fabaceae species were transplanted into plots with native grass and companion plots where grass had been removed. First, we estimated the effect of grasses on tree seedling mortality and seedling growth rate at each site. Then, we used the resulting coefficient estimates from site-level models to examine the impact of two climate (monthly precipitation and aridity index) and two soil (soil organic carbon content and clay content) variables on the direction and magnitude of the grass effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Grasses increased the risk of mortality, but there was no evidence for a global effect of grasses on tree seedling rate of height growth. The best model fit indicated a high mortality risk of tree seedlings in response to grasses at intermediate aridity index values. No other climate or soil variable influenced tree seedling survival or growth (monthly precipitation, soil organic carbon content and clay content).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results support the notion that the grass layer consistently creates a bottleneck to tree seedling establishment in African and South American savannas beyond climate and soil conditions, mainly by affecting tree seedling survival. The negative effect of grasses on seedling survival was lower in dry conditions compared to intermediate aridity levels. These results suggest that grass–seedling interaction is less intense in drier conditions, possibly due to reduced total grass biomass, which leads to decreased site evapotranspiration and improved soil water retention capacity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increases and decreases in soil moisture in water-limited plant communities cause asymmetrical responses in biomass but not in diversity","authors":"Liesbeth van den Brink,&nbsp;Rafaella Canessa,&nbsp;Pierre Liancourt,&nbsp;Harald Neidhardt,&nbsp;Lohengrin A. Cavieres,&nbsp;Yvonne Oelmann,&nbsp;Maaike Y. Bader,&nbsp;Katja Tielbörger","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13300","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes in precipitation patterns, such as the predicted increases in the frequency of climatic extremes, are likely to alter plant communities, but whether responses to drought or to wetter conditions respectively cause consistent, opposite responses is debated. Here, we assessed the response in biomass production and species diversity of water-limited plant communities to the direction (increase or decrease) and magnitude (micro- and macro-climatic effects) of changes in soil moisture.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reciprocally translocated soils containing seed banks from two climates (semi-arid and mediterranean) at a micro-climatic (opposite slopes) and a macro-climatic scale (between climates) in Chile.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biomass production for the soils that were translocated from wetter to drier climates was unrelated to the available soil moisture. The lowest biomass was produced in the wettest climate on the wet slope. Biomass production increased after a translocation to the drier climate (representing the largest change in climate). Nonetheless, the highest overall biomass for the wet to dry translocation was produced on the mediterranean dry slope with intermediate soil moisture. However, on the same mediterranean dry slope, biomass was almost zero for soil translocated the other way round (from drier to wetter). Diversity after 24 months was unaffected by micro-climatic change, but soils transplanted toward the drier climate yielded a plant community with increased diversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results showed direction and magnitude of climate change but also the response factor that is studied matters to detect direction-dependent responses; i.e., species richness had a linear and reversible response. However, the response of biomass depended on the origin of the transplanted material (soil and plant community), indicating history dependence (hysteresis). This emphasizes that responses to unidirectional climate manipulation experiments may not be able to capture the entire nature of the response of plant communities to climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}