Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of laboratory findings indicating pancreatitis in healthy lean, obese, and diabetic cats","authors":"Freja K. Jørgensen,&nbsp;Charlotte R. Bjornvad,&nbsp;Birgit Krabbe,&nbsp;Stinna Nybroe,&nbsp;Ida N. Kieler","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17236","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17236","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obesity is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus, which commonly coexists with pancreatitis in cats. However, obesity has not previously been associated with pancreatitis in cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate factors affecting serum concentrations of pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI), trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI), cobalamin and folate in clinically healthy lean, overweight and obese, or diabetic cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy-nine client-owned cats (27 healthy lean [LN, BCS 4-5/9], 30 healthy overweight and obese [OW, BCS 7-9/9], and 22 diabetic [DM]) were included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-sectional study. The cats underwent physical examination, and blood tests. Linear regression models compared differences in fPLI, fTLI, cobalamin, and folate concentrations. Fisher's exact test assessed the proportions of cats with fPLI and fTLI indicative of pancreatitis, and hypocobalaminemia. A random forest algorithm identified explanatory variables for cats having fPLI levels indicative of pancreatitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No LN cats, while 6/30 (20%) of OW and 10/22 (45%) of DM cats had fPLI concentrations indicative of pancreatitis. Body condition score (<i>P</i> = .02) and body weight (<i>P</i> = .002) were positively associated with fPLI levels in LN and OW cats. Higher fPLI, and lower cobalamin concentrations were associated with higher age across groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Body condition score and body weight were associated with higher fPLI levels in nondiabetic cats. A larger proportion of OW and DM cats had fPLI concentrations indicative of pancreatitis compared to LN cats. Whether this indicates subclinical pancreatitis remains to be determined. Hypocobalaminemia was less frequent in OW compared to DM cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11627516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS OF THE 34th ECVIM-CA CONGRESS","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17231","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b><i>5–7 September 2024</i></b></p><p><b>Cité Centre de Congrès</b></p><p><b>Lyon, France</b></p><p><i>The European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine – Companion Animals (ECVIM-CA) Congress and the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (JVIM) are not responsible for the content or dosage recommendations in the abstracts. The abstracts are not peer reviewed before publication. The opinions expressed in the abstracts are those of the author(s) and may not represent the views or position of the ECVIM-CA. The authors are solely responsible for the content of the abstracts</i>.</p><p>\u0000 </p><p>\u0000 </p><p><b>ESVC – European Society of Veterinary Cardiology</b></p><p><b>ESVC</b>—<b>European Society of Veterinary Cardiology</b></p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 6","pages":"3537-3694"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive gene expression analysis in gallbladder mucosal epithelial cells of dogs with gallbladder mucocele","authors":"Itsuma Nagao,&nbsp;Tomoki Motegi,&nbsp;Yuko Goto-Koshino,&nbsp;Masaya Tsuboi,&nbsp;Naohiro Takahashi,&nbsp;James K. Chambers,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Uchida,&nbsp;Kenji Baba,&nbsp;Hirotaka Tomiyasu,&nbsp;Masaru Okuda","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17157","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17157","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gallbladder mucocele (GBM) is a common disease in the canine gallbladder. Although the pathogenesis of GBM remains unclear, we recently reported that the excessive accumulation of mucin in the gallbladder is not a result of overproduction by gallbladder epithelial cells (GBECs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes in the function of GBECs other than the production of mucin are associated with the pathogenesis of GBM. We performed an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis to comprehensively search for abnormalities in gene expression profiles of GBECs in dogs with GBM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifteen dogs with GBM and 8 dogs euthanized for reasons other than gallbladder disease were included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The GBECs were isolated from gallbladder tissues to extract RNA. The RNA-seq analysis was performed using the samples from 3 GBM cases and 3 dogs with normal gallbladders, and the gene expression profiles were compared between the 2 groups. Differences in mRNA expression levels of the extracted differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using samples of 15 GBM cases and 8 dogs with normal gallbladders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Comparison of gene expression profiles by RNA-seq extracted 367 DEGs, including <i>ANO1</i>, a chloride channel associated with changes in mucin morphology, and <i>HTR4</i>, which regulates the function of chloride channels. The <i>ANO1</i> and <i>HTR4</i> genes were confirmed to be downregulated in the GBM group by RT-qPCR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results suggest that GBM may be associated with decreased function of chloride channels expressed in GBECs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 6","pages":"3031-3037"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal assessment of thyroid function in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism: Clinical outcomes and prevalence of autoantibodies","authors":"Nadja S. Sieber-Ruckstuhl,&nbsp;Barbara Riond,&nbsp;Federico Fracassi,&nbsp;Claudia Kuemmerle-Fraune,&nbsp;Solène Meunier,&nbsp;Regina Hofmann-Lehmann,&nbsp;Claudia E. Reusch,&nbsp;Claudia Mueller,&nbsp;Natalie Hofer-Inteeworn,&nbsp;Felicitas S. Boretti","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17232","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17232","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Knowledge about primary hypoadrenocorticism coexisting with immune-mediated thyroiditis (Schmidt's syndrome) in dogs is limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate thyroid function in dogs with naturally occurring hypoadrenocorticism before and during treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-six client-owned dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Measurement of canine thyroid stimulating hormone (cTSH), total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine, and autoantibodies against thyroglobulin, T4, and total triiodothyronine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-eight dogs were assessed before and 28 during treatment. Follow-up data were available for 24/38 and 17/28 dogs, with median follow-up duration of 3.8 years (range, &lt;1.0-8.8 years) and 4 years (range, 1.1 weeks to 10.5 years), respectively. Canine thyroid stimulating hormone was above the reference range at the time of diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in 10 of 38 dogs but decreased into the reference range in 7 for which follow-up data was available. Hypothyroidism was confirmed in 5 dogs at a median age of 11 years (range, 7-15 years). In 4 dogs, the condition was diagnosed after a median treatment duration of 5.75 years (range, 2.6-10 years), while in 1 dog, the diagnosis was made concurrently. One dog had detectable thyroid autoantibodies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Relevance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hypothyroidism occurs as a rare concurrent condition in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism, potentially at any phase of treatment. Close monitoring of cTSH levels in these dogs could be beneficial, as early changes might indicate the onset of hypothyroidism. The low prevalence of detectable thyroid autoantibodies suggests that nonimmune mechanisms might contribute to thyroid dysfunction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11627518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence-based veterinary medicine—potential, practice, and pitfalls","authors":"Gary Block","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17239","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17239","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding and incorporating evidence-based veterinary medicine (EBVM) into clinical practice and research continues to pose a challenge for our profession despite over 2 decades of increasing awareness of this concept. Reasons for this include a lack of understanding of its importance to the practice of medicine, veterinary literature that often fails to adhere to evidence-based standards, inadequate attention to teaching EBVM at the university level, and the inherent reluctance of clinicians to alter historical practice styles. For many practitioners, EBVM continues to be an abstract concept they believe requires advanced training in statistics and epidemiology resulting in them relying on less robust sources for clinical guidance. This unfortunately results in suboptimal care for our patients and delayed medical advancements for our profession. As part of the 20th anniversary of the founding of the Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine Association (EBVMA), we are refocusing our efforts to highlight the need for dedicated teaching of EBVM at the university level, for rigorous adherence to established research reporting guidelines, for expansion of EBVM infrastructure, and for the provision of easily accessible tools that permit clinicians to incorporate EBVM into their daily practice. As the quality of veterinary literature improves, so too will development of more effective clinical practice guidelines that ultimately can be widely adopted if they are flexible enough to support the triadic relationship between veterinarians, our clients and our patients. Ultimately, EBVM is not an end unto itself, but rather a means to improve the quality of care we provide our patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 6","pages":"3261-3271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and clinical course of myoclonus in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels","authors":"Matthew James,&nbsp;Mark Lowrie,&nbsp;Clare Rusbridge","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17227","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17227","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Myoclonus has been described in aging Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS), but the natural course of the disease and response to treatment have not been described.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Report the clinical features and course of myoclonus in CKCS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-seven caregivers provided questionnaire responses at a median of 24 months after the onset of myoclonus in their CKCS. Fifteen caregivers completed a second follow-up questionnaire at a median of 17 months after submission of the first questionnaire.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The caregivers of affected CKCS were invited to provide video footage for review. Owners of CKCS with videos demonstrating myoclonus then completed the online questionnaire for further evaluation. A second shortened questionnaire was sent to participants at least 6 months after completion of the first.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most CKCS displayed spontaneous myoclonus affecting predominantly the head (25/27). Overall, the majority had episodes that increased in frequency (20/27) and severity (17/27). Eighteen dogs had developed changes in behavior since the onset of myoclonus. These dogs were typically older and had experienced myoclonic episodes for longer than dogs without behavioral changes. Generalized epileptic seizures were reported in 4/27 dogs. Ten dogs received medical treatment. Eight were prescribed levetiracetam; all had an initial decrease in episode frequency, but a subsequent increase in both frequency and severity of episodes was common.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Myoclonus in CKCS tends to progress in frequency and severity regardless of treatment. Progressive behavioral changes suggestive of cognitive decline are common. These findings support the possibility of an underlying neurodegenerative process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11627513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum electrolyte abnormalities in cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathy","authors":"Iona Baker,&nbsp;Romy Heilmann,&nbsp;Ramona Knoll,&nbsp;Berenice Schneider,&nbsp;Yuvani Bandara,&nbsp;Simon Priestnall,&nbsp;Aarti Kathrani","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17242","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17242","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Limited information is available on electrolyte abnormalities in cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Report the prevalence of electrolyte abnormalities in cats with CIE compared to other gastrointestinal disorders, and determine their association with disease and outcome variables in cats with CIE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three hundred twenty-eight client-owned cats from 2 referral hospitals: CIE (132), alimentary small cell lymphoma (29), acute gastroenteritis (48), and healthy controls (119).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study comparing serum electrolyte concentrations at time of diagnosis among the 4 groups of cats, and associations with clinical signs, intestinal mucosal fibrosis scores, treatment subclassification and outcome in CIE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cats with CIE had lower sodium and higher potassium concentrations and lower sodium: potassium ratios compared with healthy cats (<i>P</i> &lt; .001, <i>P</i> = .01, and <i>P</i> &lt; .001, respectively). Cats with CIE and a duodenal mucosal fibrosis score of 2 had lower sodium and lower total calcium concentrations compared with cats that had a score of 0 (<i>P</i> = .02 and <i>P</i> = .01). Cats with CIE and a colonic mucosal fibrosis score of 1 had higher potassium concentrations and lower sodium: potassium ratios compared with cats that had a score of 0 (<i>P</i> = .03 and <i>P</i> = .01). Cats with CIE that died as a result of their disease had higher potassium concentrations and lower sodium: potassium ratios compared to cats that were alive (<i>P</i> = .02 and <i>P</i> = .01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Electrolyte abnormalities occur with CIE and, in particular, in cats with higher fibrosis scores and worse outcomes. Further research should aim to determine the pathogenesis of these findings and identify novel therapeutic targets for cats with CIE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 6","pages":"3038-3049"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proceedings 36th Symposium ESVN-ECVN 12th-14th September 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17225","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17225","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;The European College of Veterinary Neurology (ECVN) Symposium and the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (JVIM) are not responsible for the content or dosage recommendations in the abstracts. The abstracts are not peer reviewed before publication. The opinions expressed in the abstracts are those of the author(s) and may not represent the views or position of the ECVN. The authors are solely responsible for the content of the abstracts&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESIDENTS DAY PROGRAM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;12 SEP 2024 | THURSDAY&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;ESVN-ECVN 36th Symposium: Neuro-Ophthalmology&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;PROGRAM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;13 SEP 2024 | FRIDAY&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Consensus Statements of the European College of Veterinary Neurology (ECVN) provide the veterinary community with up-to-date information on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically important animal diseases. The ECVN Board oversees selection of relevant topics, identification of panel members for each topic with the expertise to draft the statements, and other aspects of assuring the integrity of the process. The statements are derived from evidence-based medicine whenever possible and the panel offers interpretive comments when such evidence is inadequate or contradictory. A draft is prepared by the panel, followed by solicitation of input by the ECVN membership which may be incorporated into the statement. It is then submitted to the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, where it is edited prior to publication. The authors are solely responsible for the content of the statements&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, EH25 9RG&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This talk will focus on ocular and orbital causes of blindness (i.e., excluding central causes of acute blindness).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This will need to be severe to cause blindness (as opposed to visual deficits). Infectious causes include: Prototheca, Cryptococcosis, Histoplasma, Blastomycosis, Coccidiomycosis, Aspergillosis, Leishmania, Rabies, Distemper, FeLV/FIV, Toxoplasma, Neospora, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, Babesia, Bartonella. Inflammatory or immune mediated causes include: a septic focus (e.g., pyometra), hyphaema (e.g., traumatic, Angiostrongylus, systemic hypertension, anti-coagulant poisoning), diabetes mellitus (e.g., acute cataract formation), Neoplasia—primary/secondary and Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hyperglycaemia associated with diabetes, and as glucose is a small molecule it will pass into the lens (along with all other tissues). Here it overwhelms the normal hexokinase pathway and excess is shunted to aldose reductase pathway where the end product is sorbitol (a large molecule and therefore trapped within lens capsule) resulting in osmotic draw and tumescent cataract formation. This can be exceptionally rapid where glycaemic control is poor, and may even result in lens capsule rupture and phacoclastic uveitis (requiring emergency intervention to save the globe).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Per","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 6","pages":"3461-3536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semiautomatic volumetry of the temporal lobes of the brain and correlation with electroencephalography results in dogs with assumed idiopathic epilepsy","authors":"Paulina Kinga Drobot,&nbsp;Aleksandra Banasik,&nbsp;Karolina Owsińska-Schmidt,&nbsp;Marcin Wrzosek,&nbsp;Przemysław Podgórski","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17237","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17237","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lesions causing refractory epilepsy, often associated with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), can be undetectable on standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in dogs. Automated brain volumetry, widely used in human medicine, can now be applied in veterinary medicine because of the availability of brain atlases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to develop an automatic volumetry method, translate the outcomes into the assessment of temporal lobe volumes in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy, and correlate the results with the electroencephalography (EEG) data of epileptiform discharges (EDs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-one dogs of various breeds with dominant temporal lobe discharge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective, observational study. The MRI and EEG examination results of dogs referred for neurological diagnosis data between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. An automated volumetry method was developed, which allowed the evaluation of temporal lobe volumes of the dogs. The asymmetric ratio (AR) was then estimated, and the results were correlated with the EEG EDs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>12/31 (38%; 95% CI: 21.8%-57.8%) dogs had an asymmetric ratio &gt;6%. Among them, reduction in temporal lobe volumes correlated with the side of the EEG EDs in 7 cases. There was no statistical correlation between temporal lobe volume changes and ED location.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preliminary volumetric analysis of the temporal lobes indicates the presence of volume differences between the lobes in some dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Diagnosis of TLE in dogs based on MRI volumetry in correlation with EEG examination, especially for dogs with drug-resistant epilepsy, can influence the development of new therapeutic options, such as surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11627523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association among raised intraventricular pressure, clinical signs, and magnetic resonance imaging findings in dogs with congenital internal hydrocephalus","authors":"Daniela Farke,&nbsp;Agnieszka Olszewska,&nbsp;Kathrin Büttner,&nbsp;Martin J. Schmidt","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17235","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17235","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with internal hydrocephalus do not necessarily have high intraventricular pressure (IVP).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Not all reported MRI findings indicate high IVP and some clinical signs might be associated with elevated IVP and syringomyelia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-three dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-sectional study. Clinical signs and MRI findings were evaluated for an association of IVP &gt;12 mm Hg and syringomyelia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High IVP was associated with obtundation OR 4.64 (95% CI 1.27-16.93) (<i>P</i> = .02), head tilt OR 6.42 (95% CI 1.08-37.97) (<i>P</i> = .04) and nystagmus OR 8.24 (95% CI 1.44-47.07) (<i>P</i> = .02). Pain was associated with syringomyelia OR 3.4 (95% CI 0.98-11.78) (<i>P</i> = .05). The number of affected ventricles was associated with high IVP OR 2.85 (95% CI 0.97-8.33) (<i>P</i> = .05) and syringomyelia OR 12.74 (95% CI 2.93-55.4) (<i>P</i> = .0007). Periventricular edema OR 24.46 (95% CI 4.54-131.77), OR 7.61 (95% CI 1.91-30.32) (<i>P</i> &lt; .0002, <i>P</i> = .004) and signal void sign OR 17.34 (95% CI 4.01-74.95), OR 4.18 (95% CI 1.16-15.02) (<i>P</i> &lt; .0001, <i>P</i> = .03) were associated with high IVP and syringomyelia. The probability for syringomyelia is lower with disruption of the internal capsule OR 0.19 (95% CI 0.05-0.72) (<i>P</i> = .01) and higher VBR OR 0.25 (95% CI 0.1-0.63) (<i>P</i> = .004).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previously reported MRI findings are not predictive of high IVP. Clinical signs and MRI findings should be used to make a diagnosis of internal hydrocephalus in dogs with or without high IVP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 6","pages":"3119-3128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}