Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of a Novel Immunogenic Feline Erythrocyte Antigen (FEA 6) and Expression Patterns Between FEAs","authors":"Félix Bajon,&nbsp;Julie Arsenault,&nbsp;Marie Claude Blais","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After the identification of five novel feline erythrocyte antigens (FEAs) and evidence establishing FEA 1's immunogenicity, attempts to sensitize a cat to FEA 4 unexpectedly resulted in the production of alloantibodies directed against an unknown antigen, named FEA 6.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To estimate the prevalence of FEA 6 as a presumably new antigen, identify corresponding naturally occurring alloantibodies (NOAb), and investigate the associations between known FEAs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two hundread and seven cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective blood typing for FEAs 1–6 was conducted in Type A cats (<i>n</i> = 193), followed by serial crossmatching in groups of 3–7 cats to detect NOAb and identify their target FEA. Agreement between FEA 6 blood typing and other FEAs was assessed. Associations between FEAs were evaluated to identify expression patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 193 Type A cats, 67% were FEA 6-positive. Agreement analyses were supportive of FEA 6 being distinct from FEAs 1–5. NOAb were detected in 11 cats (5.7%), none of which were anti-FEA 6. Only FEA 1-negative status was significantly associated with the presence of NOAb (OR = 6.6, 95% CI, 1.9–23.1; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Significant associations were observed between the expressions of FEAs 1 and 4 (<i>χ</i>² = 25.7, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and FEAs 3 and 5 (Fisher's exact test, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The immunogenicity and prevalence of the newly discovered FEA 6 raise concerns regarding its clinical relevance and role in posttransfusion sensitization. FEA 1/FEA 4 and FEA 3/FEA 5 pairs might belong to distinct antigenic systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Utility of F-Waves in Paraplegic Dogs With Absent Pain Perception Secondary to Intervertebral Disc Extrusion","authors":"Go Togawa,&nbsp;Melissa J. Lewis,&nbsp;Stephen R. Were,&nbsp;R. Timothy Bentley,&nbsp;Stephanie A. Thomovsky","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Approximately 50%–60% of paraplegic deep pain negative (DPN) dogs secondary to thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (TL-IVDE) recover ambulation after surgery. Mean F-wave duration has been associated with injury severity in TL-IVDE in dogs, but the relationship to outcome is unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluate the prognostic utility of F-waves in DPN dogs secondary to TL-IVDE treated surgically.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty client-owned, acutely paraplegic DPN dogs secondary to TL-IVDE were managed surgically.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multi-center prospective and observational study. F-waves were performed at baseline (within 24 h post-operatively), 2–4 weeks and 3 months post-operatively. Outcome was categorized as successful or unsuccessful, with success defined as independent ambulation at 3 months post-operatively. F-wave variables were compared between dogs with a successful or unsuccessful outcome and over time using generalized estimating equations. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were generated for baseline F-wave variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>F-waves were well-tolerated in all dogs. Of 30 enrolled dogs, 12 dogs had a successful outcome, 10 dogs were unsuccessful, and 8 dogs were removed from outcome analysis (3 progressive myelomalacia, 1 severe spinal shock, 2 technical error, and 2 unknown outcome). Baseline mean F-wave duration (displayed as median (range)) was longer in unsuccessful dogs (31.7 (11.4–60.8) ms) versus successful dogs (19.6 (10.8–27.3) ms), <i>p</i> = 0.003. Mean F-wave duration &gt; 28.5 ms was 70% sensitive (95% confidence interval (CI): 40%–100%) and 100% specific (95% CI: 100%–100%) in predicting an unsuccessful outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>F-waves performed shortly post-operatively could aid in predicting outcomes in DPN dogs secondary to TL-IVDE treated surgically.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter Regarding “Comparison of 2 Assays for Measuring Serum Total Thyroxine Concentration in Dogs and Cats”","authors":"Matthew K. Wun","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>I am writing regarding the interesting article <i>Comparison of 2 assays for measuring serum total thyroxine concentration in dogs and cats</i> published in Volume 34, Issue 2 of JVIM in March 2020. The authors employ Passing-Bablok linear regression to measure the constant and proportional bias of the IDEXX Catalyst Total T4 Test (CTT4) when compared to a reference standard assay (Microgenics DRI TT4 assay; MTT4). This method requires a linear relationship between two data sets. Because the assumption of linearity was not met for the data from cats, piecewise regression analysis was performed, which established two linear relationships on either side of the breakpoint 1.80 μg/dL (Results, 3.2.1). Unfortunately, these two lines are not presented in the manuscript; instead, the invalid Passing-Bablok regression line is presented in Table 2 and Figure 3. As such, I have plotted the piecewise regression lines in Figure 1 of this letter. From this, it becomes evident that a CTT4 of 3.03 μg/dL may be equal to an MTT4 as low as 1.80 μg/dL. Assuming that the study is adequately powered and the CTT4 bias does not simply represent type I error, the IDEXX assay could, for example, result in a practitioner erroneously increasing the dose of methimazole in a hyperthyroid cat when, in fact, the dose was appropriate. Accordingly, I believe that Wolff et al.'s statement that <i>For cats, the minimal bias present between the CTT4</i> versus <i>MTT4 assays should not affect clinical decisions at concentrations &lt; 10 μg/dL</i> is misleading and requires correction. Furthermore, it should be stated in the conclusions that differences in CTT4 and MTT4 results may affect interpretation at lower, as well as higher, serum TT4 concentrations.</p><p>In addition, Wolff et al. state that, in dogs, <i>At higher serum concentrations of TT4…a difference should be anticipated, with slightly higher concentrations expected with the CTT4 assay compared to the MTT4 assay</i>. However, Figure 1 of their manuscript shows the opposite to be true (i.e., using the stated regression equation <i>y</i> = 0.103 + 0.860<i>x</i>, a CTT4 of 10 μg/dL is equivalent to an MTT4 of 11.51 μg/dL).</p><p>Yours sincerely,</p><p>Matthew K. Wun, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter Regarding “Comparison of 2 Assays for Measuring Serum Total Thyroxine Concentration in Dogs and Cats”","authors":"Ewan D. S. Wolff,&nbsp;George Moore,&nbsp;Lynn Guptill,&nbsp;J. Catharine Scott-Moncrieff","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We thank Dr. Wun for his interest in our 2020 article, “Comparison of 2 assays for measuring serum total thyroxine concentration in dogs and cats” and for his questions and illustrative figure notations regarding our work.</p><p>Dr. Wun makes reference to two issues regarding the data from cats: (1) Dr. Wun states that the article did not present the regression lines for the broken stick regression analysis in the manuscript. These results were, in fact, reported in Results 3.2.1. The non-linear pattern can also be seen in the Bland–Altman plot for Figure 3. (2) Dr. Wun makes reference to the potential difference of MTT4 and CTT4 and says that the 3rd sentence in the discussion is “‘misleading and requires correction.” However, the example that Dr. Wun provides is for a hyperthyroid patient that was being treated with methimazole and having follow up monitoring. We did not consider every variation where CTT4 versus MTT4 might fall above or below some specified value, but it was clearly stated in the discussion that in the context of repeated assays, the same assay method should be used for follow-up testing. For the data from dogs, Dr. Wun references the second sentence in the Discussion section and Figure 1 in Results. He indicates the wording of “slightly higher concentrations” toward the end of the sentence should have been “slightly lower concentrations.” The authors acknowledge that Dr. Wun is correct and regret the error.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single Enema Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Cats With Chronic Enteropathy","authors":"Dimitra A. Karra,&nbsp;Jan S. Suchodolski,&nbsp;Shelley J. Newman,&nbsp;Evgenia Flouraki,&nbsp;Jonathan A. Lidbury,&nbsp;Joerg M. Steiner,&nbsp;Panagiotis G. Xenoulis","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic enteropathies (CE) are common in cats, and alterations of the intestinal microbiota might be involved in the pathogenesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the efficacy of a single enema fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in improving intestinal dysbiosis and clinical scores in cats with CE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-eight cats with either chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE; <i>n</i> = 19) or small cell gastrointestinal lymphoma (SCGL; <i>n</i> = 9) were prospectively enrolled.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eleven cats were randomly selected to receive a single enema FMT (FMT-group), and 17 cats were used as controls. Clinical activity was determined using the Feline Chronic Enteropathy Activity Index (FCEAI), and intestinal dysbiosis was determined using the feline dysbiosis index (DI) on the day of FMT (T0) and 30 days after FMT (T1).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At T0, 14/28 cats had an abnormal DI &gt; 0. No significant difference was found in the DI from T0 to T1 in the FMT group (mean[SD]: 0.01[2.5] vs. 0.7[2.1]; <i>p</i> = 0.47). No significant difference was found in the DI between the FMT group and the control group at T1 (mean[SD]: −0.7[2.1] vs. 0.8[1.8]; <i>p</i> = 0.92). FCEAI significantly decreased at T1 compared to T0 in the FMT group (median[IQR] 10.0[7.7–11.3] vs. 4.5[4–5]; <i>p</i> = 0.002). No significant difference was found in the FCEAI between the FMT group and the control group at T1 (median[IQR] 4.5[4–5] vs. 4[3–5.75]; <i>p</i> = 0.64).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, single enema FMT did not lead to a significant improvement in DI or FCEAI in cats with CE compared to controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudo-orthostatic tremor in a cat","authors":"Marende M. de Gier,&nbsp;Dian Schuil,&nbsp;Laurent Garosi,&nbsp;Mark Lowrie,&nbsp;Koen M. Santifort","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17290","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An 11-month-old male castrated shorthaired cat was presented with a tremor in both pelvic limbs, which only occurred when standing (ie, countering gravity) or during active extension of the stifle. General clinical and neurological examinations were normal aside from the tremor of the pelvic limbs, which disappeared on performing a weight-bearing lifting test. Needle electromyography of both pelvic limbs in the conscious state confirmed a low-frequency (6 Hz) tremor. The cat was diagnosed with pseudo-orthostatic tremor. The tremor amplitude waxed and waned over time. The cat remained ambulatory and playful, but often assumed lateral recumbency and seemed to have difficulty jumping. Treatment with gabapentin (10-20 mg/kg PO q8h) for 3 weeks followed by clonazepam (0.1 mg/kg PO q12h) for 1 day (with unacceptable adverse effects) did not result in improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict Bovine Leukemia Virus Seropositivity in Florida Beef Cattle: A 10-Year Retrospective Study","authors":"Ameer A. Megahed,&nbsp;Y. Reddy Bommineni,&nbsp;Michael Short,&nbsp;João H. J. Bittar","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in beef cattle has received less attention than in dairy herds, despite its potential impact on the beef industry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare six different supervised machine-learning (SML) algorithms used to identify the most important risk factors for predicting BLV seropositivity in beef cattle in Florida.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study. We used a dataset of 1511 blood sample records from the Bronson Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Florida Department of Agriculture &amp; Consumer Services, submitted for BLV antibody testing from 2012 to 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), gradient boosting (GB), random forest (RF), neural network (NN), and support vector machine (SVM) were used.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the submitted samples, 11.6% were positive for BLV. The RF model best predicted BLV infection with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.98, with a misclassification rate of 0.06. The DT model showed comparable performance to RF (AUROC, 0.94; misclassification rate, 0.06). However, the NN model had the poorest performance. The RF model showed that BLV seropositivity can be best predicted by testing beef cows during the dry season, which mostly coincides with the pre-calving processing and calving seasons, particularly for cattle raised in southern Florida.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The RF model shows promise for predicting BLV seropositivity in beef cattle. Key predictive risk factors include the dry season months coinciding with pre-calving and calving seasons and geographic location. These findings could help develop predictive tools for effective screening for BLV infection and targeted interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain Assessment of Horses With Trigeminal-Mediated Headshaking (TMHS) at Rest Between Episodes","authors":"Vanessa Franzen,&nbsp;Daniela Reisbeck,&nbsp;Yvonne Leibl,&nbsp;Angelika Schoster,&nbsp;Anna May","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70064","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;While there is agreement that horses experience pain during the actual headshaking attacks, there is still a lack of research about the time between the individual episodes in this species.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To evaluate the signs of pain in horses with TMHS at rest in the absence of common triggering factors.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Animals&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Twenty TMHS horses (not head shaking at the time of pain assessment), 20 horses with colic, and 20 clinically healthy horses.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Descriptive study assessing pain in TMHS horses during the absence of clinical signs using the Horse Grimace scale (HGS). To grade the pain shown with TMHS, horses with moderate gastrointestinal pain conditions and a healthy horses' group were also included. For evaluation, videos were taken on two consecutive days from both sides of the face (healthy, TMHS) or before analgesics were applied (colic). Eight photos per horse were extracted from the videos, randomized, and evaluated by three examiner groups, each comprising two persons: (a) last-year veterinary medicine students without previous use of the HGS, (b) experienced veterinarians without experience in using the HGS, and (c) experienced veterinarians who regularly apply the HGS. All examiners were blinded to the underlying condition.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Median HGS scores in the groups (healthy, gastrointestinal, TMHS) differed significantly from each other (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Healthy horses had median HGS scores below 2 (median 1.2, range: 0.1–2.4), whereas TMHS horses had higher median HGS scores (5.6, range 2.4–7.4), and colic horses had the highest HGS scores (6.6, range: 3.8–8.4). There was a statistically significant difference for all facial action units (FAU) when the different horse groups were compared (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Effect sizes were large for the healthy horses' group (ES-1.23) and for the colic horses (ES 0.86), and small to medium for the TMHS horses (ES 0.37).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Clinical Importance&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The results of this study show that pain occurs between individual TMHS attacks in severely affected horses and that the quality of life of these horses must be questioned and evaluated individually.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluoroscopic Assessment of Pharyngeal Collapse in Dogs and Its Association With Age, Breed, and Tracheal and Bronchial Collapse","authors":"Soowan Kim,&nbsp;Minjoo Kwon,&nbsp;Hye-yeon Choi,&nbsp;Jihye Choi,&nbsp;Junghee Yoon","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pharyngeal collapse (PC) is a relatively common condition in brachycephalic dogs and often coexists with other airway collapses, including tracheal collapse (TC) and bronchial collapse (BC). However, the relationship between PC severity, clinical signs, and other forms of airway collapse is not well understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluate the correlation between PC severity and clinical signs, the severity of other airway collapse, and demographic factors such as breed and age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ninety-five client-owned dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective review of medical records was conducted at Seoul National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from April 8 to September 5, 2024. The severity of PC and TC, and the presence of BC, cervical lung lobe herniation, and tracheal kinking were evaluated using fluoroscopy. Medical records were reviewed for data on signalment, respiratory clinical signs, and body condition score. Correlations between PC severity and other factors were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Severity of PC had a significant positive correlation with clinical signs, particularly cyanosis or respiratory distress, as well as age and brachycephalic conformation (Pearson's <i>r</i>, 0.26, 0.30, 0.46, respectively; <i>p</i> value, &lt; 0.05 for all). No significant positive correlation was found between PC severity and TC or BC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fluoroscopic assessment of PC severity is clinically relevant, especially in older and brachycephalic dogs. Our study emphasizes the value of fluoroscopic evaluation as a tool for assessing the severity of PC, aiding in the diagnosis and management of affected dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dorsal Intramedullary T2-Weighted Hypointense Signal Suggests Haemorrhagic Necrotic Material Indicating Ascending-Descending Myelomalacia in Dogs","authors":"Ursula Teubenbacher,&nbsp;Diana Henke,&nbsp;Anna Oevermann,&nbsp;Daniela Schweizer","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ascending-descending myelomalacia (ADMM) is a progressive softening of the spinal cord observed in dogs after spinal cord injury (SCI). On histopathology, areas of hemorrhagic necrotic material are found in the central canal and dorsal funiculi.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated if hemorrhagic necrotic material dorsal to the central canal can be identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that signal changes are seen in dogs with ADMM, but not in those without ADMM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-six dogs with pathologically confirmed ADMM, focal myelomalacia (FM) and 10 control dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective case–control study comparing intramedullary signal dorsal to the central canal in dogs with ADMM, FM, and control dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A hypointense signal dorsal to the central canal on transverse T2-weighted fast spin echo and gradient echo images was observed. If present in both T2-d T2*-weighted sequences, it was significantly associated with ADMM (<i>p</i> = 0.004; specificity, 81%; sensitivity, 100%). If the T2-weighted hypointense focus was identified at a distance ≥ 3 vertebral bodies from the initial site of spinal cord injury, it was strongly associated with ADMM (<i>p</i> = 0.01) with a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 78%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A dorsal intramedullary T2-weighted hypointense focus likely represents hemorrhagic necrotic material in the dorsal funiculi. If present at a distance of ≥ 3 vertebral bodies away from the initial site of SCI, it might aid in the diagnosis of ADMM in dogs by MRI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}