Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiological Evaluation of Neuter Status, Sex, and Breed in Dogs With Cystine Uroliths","authors":"Jody P. Lulich,&nbsp;Rachael Ulrich,&nbsp;Eva Furrow","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The majority of cystine uroliths occur in intact male dogs. Androgen-dependent (Type III) cystinuria is considered the most common cause.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identify dog breeds in which castration is likely to decrease the risk of cystine uroliths, the potential effect of delaying castration on cystine urolith formation, and urolith recurrence frequency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Records of 5477 dogs with cystine uroliths and comparison groups without cystine uroliths (263 938 dogs with non-cystine uroliths and 44 491 dogs from a hospital population).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this case-control study, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to identify breeds where the proportion of intact males with cystine uroliths was higher than that of intact males without cystine uroliths.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proportions of intact males forming cystine uroliths before 12, 24, and 36 months of age were calculated. Cystine urolith recurrence rates were assessed by breed in male dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with cystine uroliths were 99% male. Across 60 breeds, the median proportion of male cystine urolith formers that were intact was 98% (range, 40%–100%). When compared with dogs without cystine uroliths, intact males were overrepresented in cystine urolith formers in all breeds except 8 (Akita, Belgian Malinois, Brussels Griffon, Cane Corso, Coonhound, Newfoundland, Scottish Terrier, and Silky Terrier). Diagnosis occurred before 36 months of age in 28% (<i>n</i> = 1328) of intact male cystine urolith formers. Cystine uroliths recurred in 5.0% (<i>n</i> = 255) of males; 81% (<i>n</i> = 207) were intact males.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Androgens likely play a role in the development of cystine uroliths across many dog breeds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycobacterium fortuitum Infection Associated With Septic Arthritis and Mycobacteremia in a Dog From Northern California","authors":"Tianjiao Li,&nbsp;Flavio H. Alonso,&nbsp;Amy Rhoades,&nbsp;Alina Kelman,&nbsp;Verena Affolter,&nbsp;Jane E. Sykes","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Mycobacterium fortuitum</i> mycobacteremia and arthritis were diagnosed in a Briard dog from northern California. The dog was evaluated for lameness and had a history of immunosuppressive treatment and splenectomy for refractory immune thrombocytopenia. Cytological examination of synovial fluid from the right tarsus indicated marked suppurative inflammation with intralesional acid-fast bacteria. <i>Mycobacterium fortuitum</i> was cultured from joint fluid and blood; identification was based on PCR sequencing. Diagnosis was complicated by initial misidentification of the organism as an <i>Actinomyces</i> species. The dog was successfully treated with clarithromycin and enrofloxacin. The dog was later treated for a Grade III mast cell tumor of the thoracic limb with radiation therapy and chemotherapy and then died 2 years after the diagnosis of mycobacteremia because of extradural hemangiosarcoma of the spine.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Series of Canine Myasthenia Gravis: A Classification Approach With Consideration of Seronegative Dogs","authors":"Rui Xavier Dos Santos,&nbsp;Jan Waelkens,&nbsp;Abbe H. Crawford,&nbsp;Sam Khan,&nbsp;Sara Sami,&nbsp;Sergio A. Gomes,&nbsp;Anouk Van Ham,&nbsp;Iris Van Soens,&nbsp;Ine Cornelis,&nbsp;Jake Canning,&nbsp;Joe Fenn,&nbsp;Patrick Waters,&nbsp;Sofie F. M. Bhatti,&nbsp;An E. Vanhaesebrouck","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Myasthenia gravis (MG) is categorized into several subgroups, including seronegative MG. Seronegative human patients are well documented, but seronegative dogs remain clinically uncharacterized and their prevalence unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to evaluate the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of canine MG subgroups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred sixty-seven owner-owned dogs diagnosed with MG from three referral centers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective case series. We classified myasthenic dogs into subgroups, adhering to human guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We classified 167 dogs into four subgroups: acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody-positive generalized (49.7%, <i>n</i> = 83/167), focal (19.2%, <i>n</i> = 32/167) and thymoma-associated MG (9%, <i>n</i> = 15/167) and seronegative MG (22.2%, <i>n</i> = 37/167). Dogs with thymoma-associated MG were older (median 102 months; Interquartile Range (IQR) 96–120; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and seronegative dogs were younger (median 30 months; IQR 11.5–66; <i>p</i> = 0.017), compared to the generalized subgroup (median 67 months; IQR 36–96). Seronegative dogs presented less frequently with megaesophagus, compared to the generalized subgroup (63.8% vs. 85.7%; Odds Ratio 3.4; 95% confidence intervals (C.I.) 1.4–8.9; <i>p</i> = 0.025). Myasthenic dogs' survival time was significantly reduced when thymoma (Hazard Ratio (H.R.) 3.7; 95% C.I. 1.4–9.9; <i>p</i> = 0.028) or esophageal weakness (H.R. 3.8; 95% C.I. 2.0–7.0; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) was present. Conversely, a higher likelihood of remission was achieved when esophageal weakness was absent (H.R. 3.8; 95% C.I. 1.4–10.0; <i>p</i> = 0.007).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with seronegative MG are more common than previously reported. Myasthenic subgroups differ in presentation and outcome, with esophageal weakness key to survival and remission. Diagnostic tests for seronegative dogs and effective treatments for esophageal weakness in myasthenic dogs are urgently needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jugular Foramen Syndrome: Concurrent Neurological Deficits, Advanced Imaging Findings, Underlying Diagnoses, and Outcomes in 14 Dogs (2016–2024)","authors":"Megan Madden,&nbsp;Theofanis Liatis,&nbsp;Cesar Llanos,&nbsp;Sumari Dancer,&nbsp;Patricia Alvarez,&nbsp;Sarah Tayler,&nbsp;Alexandros Hardas,&nbsp;Steven De Decker","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Jugular foramen syndrome (JFS), dysfunction of cranial nerves (CNs) IX, X, and XI caused by lesions involving the jugular foramen (JF), is rarely reported in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Describe presenting complaints, neurologic findings, advanced imaging findings, underlying diagnoses, and outcomes in dogs with JFS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fourteen client-owned dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective, multicenter study of dogs diagnosed with JFS using advanced imaging between 2016 and 2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Affected dogs were older (median age, 9.9 years; range, 7.9–14.5 years) and presented with chronic progressive clinical signs (median duration, 135 days; range, 5–720 days). Common presenting complaints included coughing (7/14), retching (6/14), head tilt (5/14), and laryngeal stridor (4/14). Neurologic abnormalities were noted in 11/14 dogs, with CN deficits (10/11), including unilateral laryngeal paralysis (5/10) and tongue atrophy (4/10), being the most common finding. Additional signs included head tilt (7/11) and postural reaction deficits (5/11). Intracranial lesions were identified in 10/14 dogs, with meningioma being the most frequent radiologic or histopathologic diagnosis. In dogs with extracranial lesions (4/14), thyroid carcinoma was common. Median survival time was 218 days (range, 16–477 days).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neoplastic or suspected neoplastic causes of JFS are common and lesions often extend beyond the JF by the time of diagnosis. As such, neurologic deficits in dogs with JFS often reflect involvement of multiple CNs, not limited to CNs IX, X, and XI. Advanced imaging of the head should be considered in dogs with clinical signs consistent with JFS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allele Frequencies and Genotypes for the Ryanodine Receptor 1 Variant Causing Malignant Hyperthermia and Fatal Rhabdomyolysis With Hyperthermia in Horses","authors":"Monica Aleman,&nbsp;Molly McCue,&nbsp;Rebecca R. Bellone","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fatal anesthesia-induced malignant hyperthermia (MH) and rhabdomyolysis with hyperthermia documented in Quarter Horses (QH) breeds are caused by a missense variant in the <i>ryanodine receptor 1</i> gene (<i>RYR1</i>: XP_023505430.1.:p.(R2454G), designated as <i>MH</i>). The reported cases to date have all been heterozygous, and the allele frequency is suspected to be low.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine an accurate estimate of <i>MH</i> allele frequency in multiple horse breeds and investigate whether homozygous animals exist in the population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 159 227 horses from 16 breeds who were either submitted for clinical evaluation (<i>n</i> = 1500) or genetic testing (<i>n</i> = 157 727) were included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective study using banked DNA samples from two diagnostic laboratories determined the presence, zygosity, and estimated population MH allele frequencies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The <i>MH</i> allele was exclusively detected in 391 QH, 18 Paints (PT), one Appaloosa (AP), and one QH-Clydesdale cross with similar allele frequencies (QH = 0.0013 and PT and AP = 0.0012). In cases submitted for clinical evaluation, death occurred as anesthesia-induced MH or severe acute rhabdomyolysis with hyperthermia (≥ 42°C, 107.6°F) in 51% of N/MH horses. Nineteen of the 20 fatal cases were young males (median: 9 years old, range: 9 months–14 years). No <i>MH</i> homozygotes were detected in either cohort evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Homozygotes for the <i>MH</i> allele were not identified, and thus might be incompatible with life, but additional testing is needed to confirm. Although the allele frequency was low, being heterozygous poses a risk of death if anesthesia, stress, concurrent illness, breeding, or other stresses occur.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum for “Pain Assessment of Horses With Trigeminal-Mediated Headshaking (TMHS) at Rest Between Episodes”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>V. Franzen</span>, <span>D. Reisbeck</span>, <span>Y. Leibl</span>, <span>A. Schoster</span>, <span>A. May</span>., \" <span>Pain Assessment of Horses With Trigeminal-Mediated Headshaking (TMHS) at Rest Between Episodes</span>,\" <i>Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine</i> <span>39</span> (<span>2025</span>):e70064. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70064.\u0000 </p><p>In the above mentioned article, Figure 1 should have used a box and whisker plot, as requested by a reviewer, with a line indicating the 50th quantile (median) of the variable of interest. The lower and upper bound of the boxes represent the 25th and 75th quantiles of the variable of interest, respectively. The lower and upper vertical lines extending from the boxes represent the lower and upper bounds of the 95% confidence interval around the distribution.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Diet and Calcium Tartrate Tetrahydrate Uroliths in Dogs","authors":"Jody Lulich,&nbsp;Lori Koehler,&nbsp;Lisa Ulrich,&nbsp;Eva Furrow","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Calcium tartrate tetrahydrate (CTT) uroliths are recently identified in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To report on the types and prevalence of diets, supplements, and medications containing salts of tartaric acid consumed by dogs with CTT urolithiasis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-three client-owned dogs identified with CTT uroliths from a single urolith analysis laboratory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective case series evaluating dogs with CTT uroliths and their prevalence of consuming diets, supplements, and medications containing salts of tartaric acid before diagnosis of urolithiasis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with CTT uroliths were predominantly male (53/63, 84%) small purebreds (48/63, 76%). Thirty-three of 63 cases provided additional information by completing our survey. In 25 of 33 (76%) cases, a source of tartaric acid was identified in diets, supplements, or medications. In 24 of these 25 cases (96%), the source of tartaric acid was choline bitartrate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When investigating a cause for CTT uroliths in dogs, consider diets and supplements containing choline bitartrate as a potential source of urolith components.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Ureteral Patency by Fluoroscopy and Ultrasonography After Subcutaneous Ureteral Bypass Device Placement for the Treatment of Benign Ureteral Obstruction in Cats","authors":"Yassmina Habib,&nbsp;Catherine Vachon,&nbsp;Tristan Juette,&nbsp;Marilyn Dunn","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Limited information on the patency of native ureters after subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) device placement is available.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluate the patency of native ureters in cats treated with SUB device placement for benign ureteral obstruction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cats with SUB presented for routine evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Routine ultrasound-guided SUB irrigations were performed, focusing on ureteral irrigation in the trigone and proximal urethra. Cats with obstructed nephrostomy catheters or subcutaneous ports were excluded. Fluoroscopic-guided SUB irrigations with iodinated contrast then were used to assess patency. Ureters were deemed patent if contrast filled the lumen evenly along their length, and obstructed if the contrast column was interrupted on consecutive images. Intraoperative fluoroscopy was reviewed to confirm the cause and location of the obstructions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 18 cats (18 SUBs; 10 unilateral, 8 bilateral) were included. The causes of obstruction were ureteroliths (23 ureters) and presumed stricture (3 ureters). A trigonal irrigation was visible in 14/18 cats (77%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 54.8%–91.0%); the patent side in bilateral SUBs could not be differentiated. Three ureters were excluded (nondiagnostic study, <i>n</i> = 1; obstructed nephrostomy, <i>n</i> = 2). Of the remaining 23 ureters, 19 (82.6%; 95% CI: 62.9%–93.0%) were patent: 16/20 patent ureters were obstructed with ureteroliths (80%; 95% CI: 58.4%–91.9%) and 3/3 with presumed stricture (100%; 95% CI: 43.9%–100%). Ureteral irrigations at the trigone were associated with patency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A high patency rate of native ureters after SUB placement was observed. Ureteral irrigations at the trigone reliably indicate patency. Supraphysiologic SUB irrigations may result in underdiagnosed persistent partial obstructions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feline Coronavirus Prevalence in 493 Cats With Chronic Diarrhea","authors":"Gary D. Norsworthy,&nbsp;Kristin N. Miller,&nbsp;Sarah M. Castro,&nbsp;Diane D. Addie","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic diarrhea (CD) is common in cats, with unknown etiology in many cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To establish the prevalence of feline coronavirus (FCoV) and other enteropathogens in cats with CD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Veterinarians at a feline specialty practice examined 493 cats with CD. The breed of three (0.6%) was unknown; 373 (75.7%) were non-purebred, and 117 (23.7%) purebred.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective database review of 586 fecal sample results of an RT-PCR and PCR diarrheal panel.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Feline coronavirus was found in 321 (65.1%) of 493 cats with CD. FCoV RNA and <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> toxin DNA were detected in 377 (64.3%) and 319 (54.4%) samples respectively: 206 (35.2%) samples were positive for both pathogens. Feline coronavirus was the sole pathogen detected in 118 (23.9%) cats. Samples from 203 cats under 1 year old were significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.0001) more frequently FCoV positive than samples from older cats (166/224 [74.1%] samples vs. 211/362 [58.3%]). FCoV RT-PCR positivity peaked in February (<i>p</i> = 0.016) and March (<i>p</i> = 0.0064). Other detected pathogens included <i>Giardia</i> spp. (8.4%; 49/586 samples); <i>Tritrichomonas blagburni</i> (8.4%; 46/586); <i>Cryptosporidium</i> (5.1%; 30/586); <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> (3.4%; 17/497); <i>Campylobacter coli</i> (1.6%; 8/497); <i>Salmonella</i> spp. (0.8%; 5/586); panleukopenia virus (0.8%; 5/586); and <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (0.5%; 3/586). Sixty-nine cats gave 162 samples: 54/69 (78.3%) cats were FCoV positive, 39/54 (72.2%) persistently so.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>If FCoV is non-pathogenic, as often assumed, its having the highest rate of positivity in CD cases is difficult to explain. If pathogenic and overlooked, key diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities might be missed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Intracardiac Ultrasound Images Developed on a Cardiac Ultrasound Simulator and Validated in Live Horses","authors":"Ingrid Vernemmen,&nbsp;Marie Demeyere,&nbsp;Glenn Van Steenkiste,&nbsp;Eva Buschmann,&nbsp;Annelies Decloedt,&nbsp;Gunther van Loon","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ultrasonographic guidance of catheter-based interventions in horses is based primarily on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) has the potential to provide detailed imaging of specific cardiac regions. Insight and training in echocardiographic guidance can be acquired using an echocardiography simulator.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Use an echocardiography simulator for horses to determine specific ICE views for catheter-based interventions and validate these in live horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six adult healthy experimental horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Observational study. An echocardiographic phantom based on a three-dimensional computer model of the equine heart was used. This phantom was positioned in a water tank, allowing simultaneous TTE and ICE catheter introduction. Novel ICE images from within the thoracic inlet and right atrium were determined on the ultrasound simulator, with TTE as back-up modality to determine ICE catheter position in the simulator if necessary. Images were validated in six horses, with adaptations to catheter manipulations where needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Novel ICE images developed on the ultrasound simulator could be replicated in live horses, with no changes in catheter manipulations. These views allowed visualization of the tributaries of the cranial vena cava, both atria, pulmonary veins, aorta, and pulmonary artery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ultrasound simulator was useful in developing additional ICE images in order to understand echocardiographic anatomy. This simulator creates possibilities for ICE diagnosis of specific cardiac conditions and further development of ICE-guided catheter-based interventions in horses. The ultrasound simulator can be helpful for providing echocardiographic training and reduction of experimental animal use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}