Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Echocardiographic Changes Related to Pulmonary Hypertension in Preweaned Dairy Calves With Bronchopneumonia: A Case–Control Study in Commercial Dairy Farms","authors":"Sara Ghilardi,&nbsp;Giulia Sala,&nbsp;Chiara Locatelli,&nbsp;Davide Pravettoni,&nbsp;Mara Bagardi,&nbsp;Antonio Boccardo","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bronchopneumonia (BP) can cause pulmonary hypertension (PH) and secondary cardiovascular changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to describe PH–related transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTE) changes in preweaned dairy calves with BP diagnosed by thoracic ultrasonography (TUS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred and sixty-four calves were selected from 11 commercial dairy farms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is a case–control study. The enrolled calves were grouped according to TUS results into either the control group (with normally aerated lungs) or the BP group (calves with lobar BP). Both groups were then subjected to TTE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three echocardiographic variables were statistically different between the two groups, which included 104 healthy calves and 60 diagnosed with BP. The internal end-systolic (LVIDs) and end-diastolic diameters of the left ventricle (LVIDd) were significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.033, 0.034, respectively) lower in BP-affected calves (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: LVIDs, 29.65 ± 3.94 mm in healthy calves vs. 28.21 ± 4.44 mm in BP-affected calves; LVIDd, 49.83 ± 4.7 mm in healthy calves vs. 48.11 ± 5.4 in BP-affected calves). The pulmonary artery internal diameter in end-diastole (PAdia) was significantly larger (<i>p</i> = 0.017) in BP-affected calves (16.81 ± 2.68 mm) than in healthy calves (15.75 ± 2.67 mm).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The observed differences in the affected calves were within the normal reference ranges and exhibited clinical relevance. The lack of evident cardiac disturbances indicates that the BP diagnosis in our study sample was made without relevant cardiac alterations, highlighting the potential of TUS's early diagnostic capabilities during BP episodes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of inhaled ciclesonide for treatment of moderate asthma in Thoroughbred racehorses","authors":"Macarena G. Sanz,&nbsp;Georgia Jellen,&nbsp;Lauren Cody,&nbsp;Jenyka Bergsma,&nbsp;Mandy Cha,&nbsp;Clark Kogan,&nbsp;Gordon Kordas,&nbsp;Warwick M. Bayly,&nbsp;Renaud Leguillette","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17267","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mild-moderate asthma is common in horses. Inhaled ciclesonide has been approved only for treatment of severe asthma in horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We hypothesized that a 10-day treatment course of inhaled ciclesonide (Aservo EquiHaler) would improve clinical signs, endoscopic tracheal mucus scores, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology in racehorses with moderate asthma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Racehorses with moderate asthma housed at the Emerald Downs Racetrack in Auburn, WA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study. Horses received inhaled ciclesonide (n = 12) or placebo (n = 9) for 10 days. Clinical signs were assessed at different times using the Tesarowski and HOARSI scores and cough during exercise. Endoscopy scoring, BALF cytology, and BALF cell selected gene expression (RT-qPCR) were assessed on Days 0 and 10. Linear and ordinal simple and mixed effects models were used to analyze the data using R statistical software. Significance was set at <i>P</i> &lt; .05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Only treated horses showed a decrease over time in HOARSI (<i>P</i> ≤ .001), cough (<i>P</i> = .001; −2.83 [−4.37, −1.29]), mast cell % (<i>P</i> = .03; −2.68 [−4.36, −1.0]) and relative expression of IL-6 (<i>P</i> = .002; 0.44 [0.04, −6.99]) and IL-13 (<i>P</i> = .03; 0.52 [0.04, −7.89]) in BAL cells. Treated horses had lower HOARSI (<i>P</i> = .002; −1 [1, 1]) and mast cell % (<i>P</i> = .02; −2.96 [−5.52, −0.39]) on Day 10.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Treatment with inhaled ciclesonide improved clinical signs and decreased BALF mastocytic inflammation in racehorses with moderate asthma without change in the environment. Treatment effect on neutrophilic or eosinophilic asthma remains undetermined. The small number of horses was a study limitation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of survival among biopsy-determined categories of kidney disease in dogs","authors":"Devyn M. Schultz,&nbsp;Carolina Rivera,&nbsp;Nicholas Jeffery,&nbsp;Rachel E. Cianciolo,&nbsp;Jessica A. Hokamp,&nbsp;Mary Anna Labato,&nbsp;Mary B. Nabity","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17301","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There are many causes of kidney disease in dogs. The association of the diagnostic category with survival is unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Determine survival outcomes for biopsy-determined diagnostic categories of kidney disease in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six hundred forty-nine dogs were biopsied for evaluation of kidney disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study. Survival information was obtained for dogs whose kidney biopsy was submitted to the International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service between 2008 and 2018. Signalment, serum creatinine (sCr), urine protein : creatinine ratio (UPCR), and serum albumin (sAlb) were reported at the time of biopsy. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed for the 14 categories with &gt;10 cases having follow-up to determine hazard ratios (HR), using focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) as baseline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median survival time (MST) for all dogs with follow-up (n = 649) was 608 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 109-1475 days). The most follow-up was obtained for FSGS (n = 138, MST 536 days). Dogs with renal amyloidosis (n = 80) had the shortest survival (MST 76 days, IQR 8-299 days) and, in the multivariate analysis including age, sCr, sAlb, and UPCR, an increased risk of death (HR 1.79 [95% CI: 1.22-2.65], <i>P</i> &lt; .01). Dogs with podocytopathy, membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), mixed MGN, membranoproliferative GN (MPGN), and mixed MPGN had decreased risk of death. Regardless of category, increasing age, sCr, and UPCR and decreased sAlb were associated with a greater risk of death.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The diagnostic category is associated with survival in dogs with kidney disease. Survival of individual dogs within each category was highly variable.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter Regarding “An Artificial Neural Network-Based Model to Predict Chronic Kidney Disease in Aged Cats”","authors":"Matthew K. Wun","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>I am writing regarding the article “An artificial neural network-based model to predict chronic kidney disease in aged cats” published in Volume 34, Issue 5 of Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (JVIM). The authors assess the ability of their model to predict the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) within 12 months using baseline laboratory data (serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urine specific gravity) obtained from cats ≥ 7 years old. Azotemia was defined as a serum creatinine concentrations ≥ 2 mg/dL. I am wondering whether the authors could please specify the percentage of cats with a baseline serum creatinine concentration between 1.6 and 1.9 mg/dL that were included in the testing dataset. Because these cats would be classified as having International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage 2 CKD from the outset [<span>1</span>], the reported performance of the model may be inflated.</p><p>The author declares no conflicts of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter Regarding “An Artificial Neural Network-Based Model to Predict Chronic Kidney Disease in Aged Cats”","authors":"Vincent Biourge,&nbsp;Sebastien Delmotte,&nbsp;Alexandre Feugier,&nbsp;Richard Bradley,&nbsp;Molly McAllister,&nbsp;Jonathan Elliott","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70000","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We read with interest the letter from Dr. Wun regarding our article “An artificial neural network-based model to predict chronic kidney disease in aged cats” published in Volume 34, Issue 5 of Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (JVIM). The issue he raises is a common misconception about the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) staging system, which should not be used to diagnose chronic kidney disease (CKD). Rather, it is used to stage cats (and dogs) once a clinical diagnosis of CKD has been made. All cats used to derive and validate the algorithm in our study were healthy based on history and physical examination and had serum creatinine concentrations below the diagnostic threshold for CKD according to the reference interval of the laboratory used, and thus did not have a diagnosis of CKD at the time of screening.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The IRIS staging system accounts for the fact that serum creatinine concentration is insensitive in identifying cats with early CKD. For this reason, stage 1 and the first part of stage 2 CKD for the cat use serum creatinine concentration cut-offs that are below the laboratory reference intervals of many diagnostic laboratories. In such cases, other criteria are required to make a diagnosis of CKD, such as a combination of persistent proteinuria, persistent structural changes identified in the kidney, progressive increases in serum creatinine concentration over time, or persistently increased serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentration. The article on the IRIS website written by Dr. Syme summarizes these clearly: https://www.iris-kidney.com/ckd-early-diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These diagnostic criteria are more subtle and often difficult for general practitioners to clearly define. One of the goals in deriving the algorithm in our paper was to use neural network analysis to identify patterns in the commonly applied screening tests used in general practice to identify the cats that have a high likelihood of developing azotemic CKD within 12 months of the screening event. We wanted to do this based on a single screening event in a population of healthy senior cats recognizing that many owners in Europe do not want their healthy cats to have screening events more frequently than annually. The cats identified by the algorithm have early-stage CKD (as shown by prospectively following and documenting their development of persistent azotaemia, diagnostic of CKD) but are at a stage where plasma creatinine concentration is still within the laboratory reference interval and would thus be considered as normal in a regular senior screening. Neural network analysis evaluated all possible combinations of screening test results to identify at a single visit the combination with the highest specificity while not compromising on sensitivity in predicting the future development of CKD. The use of plasma creatinine concentration alone performed less well than when combined with both urine specific gravity and plasma urea concentrat","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vestibular epilepsy associated with a temporoparietal lobe meningioma in a cat","authors":"Rosanne K. Peters","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17279","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17279","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 15-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat presented with increasingly frequent vestibular episodes. The cat exhibited episodes of a head tilt, nystagmus, abnormal mental state, vocalizing, hypersalivation, restlessness, and vomiting. Episodes were &lt;60 minutes long with normal inter-episode condition. Systemic evaluations were generally benign. Magnetic resonance imaging documented a small meningioma in the left temporoparietal junction area with no other structural evidence of vestibular system pathologies. The episode frequency decreased with administration of levetiracetam which was discontinued 91 days post-craniotomy. The cat had 2 more limited vestibular episodes: 1 at 211 days after craniotomy, and the second at 489 days after craniotomy. The cat maintained normal inter-episode condition until it was euthanized for unrelated transitional cell carcinoma 907 days post-craniotomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11785452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Non-Associative Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia: A Prospective Controlled Study in 22 Dogs","authors":"Vasiliki Lantzaki,&nbsp;Emily A. Fulton,&nbsp;Mark McLaughlin,&nbsp;Euan D. Bennet,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Conway,&nbsp;Alison E. Ridyard","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) is a biomarker for the early diagnosis of AKI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate uNGAL in dogs with non-associative immune mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and to evaluate whether uNGAL correlates with disease severity markers, negative prognostic indicators and outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-two dogs with non-associative IMHA and 14 healthy dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective case–control study. uNGAL was measured by a commercially available ELISA-kit and corrected to urine creatinine (uNGAL to creatinine ratio [UNCR]). uNGAL and UNCR of IMHA cases were compared to that of healthy dogs and the correlation with other clinicopathological markers was evaluated. uNGAL and UNCR were also compared between dogs with a CHAOS or ASA score &lt; 3 and ≥ 3.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>uNGAL and UNCR were significantly higher in dogs with IMHA when compared to healthy controls (uNGAL median 114.58 and 0.43 ng/mL, respectively, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; UNCR median 174.87 and 0.13 ng/mg, respectively, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). uNGAL and UNCR were moderately positively correlated with urea (<i>p</i> = 0.005, <i>r</i> = 0.58, 0.20–0.81 95% CI and <i>p</i> = 0.001, <i>r</i> = 0.64, 0.29–0.84 95% CI, respectively) and total bilirubin (<i>p</i> = 0.003, <i>r</i> = 0.60, 0.22–0.82 95% CI and <i>p</i> = 0.002, <i>r</i> = 0.62, 0.25–0.83 95% CI, respectively). These were also significantly higher in dogs with hemoglobinuria compared to those without (uNGAL: median 269 and 30.99 ng/mL, respectively, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; UNCR: median 585.3 and 352 37.47 ng/mg, respectively, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in uNGAL or UNCR when assessing survival to discharge (<i>p</i> = 0.24 and <i>p</i> = 0.16, respectively, 95% CI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study suggests that renal injury might be underappreciated in dogs with IMHA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative stress in critically ill neonatal foals","authors":"David Wong,&nbsp;Dipak Kumar Sahoo,&nbsp;Cosette Faivre,&nbsp;Jamie Kopper,&nbsp;Katie Dersh,&nbsp;Theresa Beachler,&nbsp;Melissa Esser","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17297","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17297","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oxidative injury occurs in septic people, but the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants has rarely been evaluated in foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives/Hypothesis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To measure reactive oxygen species (ROS), biomarkers of oxidative injury, and antioxidants in neonatal foals. We hypothesized that ill foals would have higher blood concentrations of ROS and biomarkers of oxidative injury and lower concentrations of antioxidants compared to healthy foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy-two hospitalized and 21 healthy neonatal foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective cohort study. Reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide [H₂O₂]), biomarkers of oxidative injury (malondialdehyde [MDA], protein carbonyl), and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione, and glutathione reductase [GR] and peroxidase [GPx]) were measured from foals at admission. Measured variables were compared between healthy and ill foals using a 1-way ANOVA by Tukey's multiple comparisons test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ill foals (n = 51) had significantly higher mean concentrations of H₂O₂ (healthy 2.6 ± 1.4 nmol/mL, ill 6.8 ± 4.6 L nmol/mL; 95% CI), MDA (healthy 31.2 ± 14.4 nmol/mL, ill 114.3 ± 94.0 nmol/mL; 95% CI), and protein carbonyl (healthy 0.07 ± 0.01 nmol/mg protein, ill 0.12 ± 0.02 nmol/mg protein, 95% CI). Significant lower CAT (healthy 0.4 ± 0.3 mU/mg protein, ill 0.02 ± 0.02 mU/mg protein, 95% CI), glutathione (healthy 238.5 ± 101.9 μg/mL, ill 110.7 ± 37.8 μg/mL, 95% CI; <i>P</i> &lt; .0001), GR (healthy 1.6 ± 1.8 mU/mg protein, ill 0.4 ± 0.5 mU/mg protein, 95% CI), and GPx (healthy 0.01 ± 0.003 mU/mg protein, ill 0.007 ± 0.002 mU/mg protein, 95% CI) were also noted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oxidative stress and lower antioxidant concentrations occur in ill and bacteremic neonatal foals. These variables should be considered during the treatment of ill foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and comparison of fecal microbiota in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and age-matched controls","authors":"Wenqing Wang,&nbsp;Justine Gibson,&nbsp;Sara Horsman,&nbsp;Deirdre Mikkelsen,&nbsp;François-René Bertin","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17288","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17288","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Altered gut microbiota has been associated with dopaminergic degenerative diseases in people, but studies on horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) are lacking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Investigate the effect of PPID on fecal microbiota in horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine horses with PPID and 13 age-matched control horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective control study. Fecal samples were collected bimonthly. Microbial analysis used 16S rRNA sequencing to determine the relative abundance at genus and phylum levels, assess alpha and beta diversity and identify core microbiota.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Horses with PPID had decreased relative abundances of <i>Christensenellaceae</i> R-7 group (median; 95% confidence interval [CI]: PPID, 2.04; 1.82-2.35 vs control, 2.54; 2.37-2.76; <i>P</i> = .02) and NK4A214 group (PPID, 2.21; 2.02-2.56 vs control, 2.62; 2.44-2.85; <i>P</i> = .05), and significant lower abundances of <i>Romboutsia</i> (log2FoldChange = −3.54; <i>P</i> = .04) and <i>Peptococcaceae uncultured</i> (log2FoldChange = −0.89; <i>P</i> = .04) by differential abundance analysis. However, the abundance of <i>Fibrobacter</i> (log2FoldChange = 0.74; <i>P</i> = .04) was significantly higher in the PPID group. A significant effect of PPID on beta diversity was observed (<i>P</i> = .004), whereas alpha diversity varied with months (<i>P</i> = .001). Seven unique genera were identified in horses with PPID and 12 in control horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The fecal microbial composition is altered in horses with PPID. These findings support the potential role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of PPID.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echocardiographic evaluation of the size of the main pulmonary artery and right pulmonary artery in dogs with pulmonary hypertension","authors":"Giovanni Grosso,&nbsp;Rosalba Tognetti,&nbsp;Oriol Domenech,&nbsp;Andrea Della Pina,&nbsp;Federica Marchesotti,&nbsp;Valentina Patata,&nbsp;Tommaso Vezzosi","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17241","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17241","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluating the size of the pulmonary artery (PA) is key for the echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare the diagnostic accuracy of the main PA (MPA) and right PA (RPA) sizes for the echocardiographic detection of PH in dogs, and to evaluate differences between precapillary and postcapillary PH dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four hundred four dogs; 136 controls and 268 with PH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective, multicenter, observational study. The MPA, maximum and minimum RPA diameter were normalized to body weight (MPA_N, RPAmax_N, and RPAmin_N). The MPA was also indexed to the ascending aorta (MPA/AO), while the RPA size was indexed to the aortic annulus (RPAmax/Aod and RPAmin/Aod). The right pulmonary artery distensibility index (RPADi) was also calculated. The diagnostic accuracy of PA parameters for PH was assessed through the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC). Measurement variability was assessed trough the coefficient of variation (CV).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The RPADi, RPAmin_N, and RPAmin/Aod showed similar diagnostic accuracy for the detection of PH (AUC = 0.975, AUC = 0.971, and AUC = 0.953, respectively), higher than MPA/AO (AUC = 0.926), MPA_N (AUC = 0.880), RPAmax_N (AUC = 0.814), and RPAmax/Aod (AUC = 0.803; <i>P</i> &lt; .05). Aside from RPAmax variables, no differences were found between precapillary and postcapillary PH. RPA size parameters showed lower CVs in comparison to MPA/AO and RPADi.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although MPA/AO showed an excellent sensitivity and specificity for the detection of PH, the RPAmin exhibited a higher diagnostic accuracy and less measurement variability, thus could represent a new useful parameter for the detection of PH in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}