Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A Dorsal Intramedullary T2-Weighted Hypointense Signal Suggests Haemorrhagic Necrotic Material Indicating Ascending-Descending Myelomalacia in Dogs","authors":"Ursula Teubenbacher,&nbsp;Diana Henke,&nbsp;Anna Oevermann,&nbsp;Daniela Schweizer","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ascending-descending myelomalacia (ADMM) is a progressive softening of the spinal cord observed in dogs after spinal cord injury (SCI). On histopathology, areas of hemorrhagic necrotic material are found in the central canal and dorsal funiculi.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated if hemorrhagic necrotic material dorsal to the central canal can be identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that signal changes are seen in dogs with ADMM, but not in those without ADMM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-six dogs with pathologically confirmed ADMM, focal myelomalacia (FM) and 10 control dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective case–control study comparing intramedullary signal dorsal to the central canal in dogs with ADMM, FM, and control dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A hypointense signal dorsal to the central canal on transverse T2-weighted fast spin echo and gradient echo images was observed. If present in both T2-d T2*-weighted sequences, it was significantly associated with ADMM (<i>p</i> = 0.004; specificity, 81%; sensitivity, 100%). If the T2-weighted hypointense focus was identified at a distance ≥ 3 vertebral bodies from the initial site of spinal cord injury, it was strongly associated with ADMM (<i>p</i> = 0.01) with a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 78%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A dorsal intramedullary T2-weighted hypointense focus likely represents hemorrhagic necrotic material in the dorsal funiculi. If present at a distance of ≥ 3 vertebral bodies away from the initial site of SCI, it might aid in the diagnosis of ADMM in dogs by MRI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equine Blood Microbiome in a Cohort of Clinically Healthy Trail Riding Horses","authors":"Noel Simms,&nbsp;Joseph J. Bertone,&nbsp;Tonatiuh Melgarejo,&nbsp;Caitlin O'Shea,&nbsp;Annika Linde","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Emerging research suggests the presence of a blood microbiome in clinically healthy individuals. Characterizing bacterial composition and abundance in blood from a group of healthy horses is of clinical interest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Horses in a closed herd environment will have blood microbiomes with similarities among individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty trail-riding horses of different breeds and ages living in relative isolation on a dry lot pasture in Colorado at 7680 ft elevation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-sectional study. Blood was collected from the jugular vein into serum, blood collection, and EDTA tubes. Samples were submitted to external laboratories for microbiome analysis and routine blood tests (CBC, serum biochemistry).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Venous blood is not sterile in healthy horses. A total of 293 bacterial genera were identified in these samples, whereas most horses had 55 to 70 genera. The most dominant taxa were <i>Gardnerella</i>, <i>Sporomusaceae</i>, <i>Kapabacteriales</i>, <i>Beijerinckiaceae</i>, <i>and Phascolarctobacterium</i>. Principal coordinate analysis, investigating microbial structure diversity, identified large variability with no obvious clustering, indicating dissimilarity among bacterial populations in different horses. All blood samples contained genera with pathogenic potential for horses, such as <i>Bacteroides</i> spp., <i>Clostridium</i> spp., <i>Peptostreptococcus</i> spp., <i>Streptococcus</i> spp., and <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinically healthy horses had a diverse blood microbiome. Despite the relative isolation of the horses, their blood microbiota varied markedly among individuals. Investigating the bacteria in clinically healthy horse blood provides new insight into possible microbiome shifts that may result in clinical disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytologic Evaluation as a Diagnostic Tool to Differentiate Adrenocortical Tumors and Pheochromocytomas","authors":"Hunter J. Piegols,&nbsp;Rachel W. Williams,&nbsp;Nirali Pathak,&nbsp;Laura E. Selmic,&nbsp;Giovanni Tremolada,&nbsp;Russell Sakacs,&nbsp;Laurie Millward,&nbsp;Janis Lapsley","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The utility of cytologic evaluation to distinguish adrenocortical tumors and pheochromocytomas in dogs has not been thoroughly investigated, partly because of the perceived risks of the procedure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Report test characteristics of fine needle aspiration (FNA) and cytologic evaluation for differentiation of adrenocortical tumors and pheochromocytomas in dogs. Complications associated with FNA also were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-eight dogs with 40 adrenal tumors that had FNA and cytologic evaluation performed before adrenalectomy were included in the study from three institutions. Tumors included 17 pheochromocytomas, 21 adrenocortical tumors, 1 concurrent adrenocortical adenoma and pheochromocytoma, and 1 malignant neoplasm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 40 FNA cytologic aspirations performed, 35 (87.5%) had a predominant cell type identified and therefore were considered of diagnostic quality. Of these, 30 (85.7%) correlated with the final histopathological diagnosis. When all samples were included, FNA and cytologic evaluation had a sensitivity of 77.3%, specificity of 76.5%, positive predictive value of 81.0%, negative predictive value of 72.2%, and accuracy of 76.9% for identifying adrenocortical tumors. For pheochromocytomas, these values were 72.2%, 95.2%, 92.8%, 80.0%, and 84.5%, respectively. Six (15.9%) dogs had self-limiting complications associated with the FNA procedure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fine needle aspiration and cytologic evaluation of adrenal tumors has a low complication rate and can help differentiate adrenocortical tumors and pheochromocytomas. Thus, cytologic evaluation of adrenal tumors should be considered to help differentiate adrenal tumors and allow more individualized treatment of affected dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized Tremors in Dogs: 198 Cases (2003–2023)","authors":"Theofanis Liatis,&nbsp;Sofie F. M. Bhatti,&nbsp;Steven De Decker","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diseases associated with generalized tremors in dogs have not been extensively investigated in a large population of dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Describe semiology, tremor phenotype, and diseases associated with generalized tremors in dogs, and identify clinical features that could be associated with the underlying disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 198 dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective, single-center study of dogs with generalized tremors and a final or presumptive diagnosis between January 2003 and December 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The most common diseases associated with generalized tremors in dogs were intoxication (91/198; 46%), idiopathic generalized tremor syndrome (IGTS; 49/198; 24.7%), hypocalcemia (13/198; 6.6%), meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO; 9/198; 4.5%), hypoglycemia (6/198; 3%), hypercalcemia (5/198; 2.5%) and degenerative encephalopathies (5/198; 2.5%). Dogs with IGTS were females (<i>p</i> = 0.002), younger (<i>p</i> = 0.002) with an acute progressive lateralizing presentation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for all three), compared to dogs with intoxication that were males (<i>p</i> = 0.002), young and middle-aged (<i>p</i> = 0.002) with a hyperacute nonprogressive symmetric presentation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for all three). Behavioral changes (<i>p</i> = 0.01), hypersalivation (<i>p</i> = 0.04), abnormal mentation (<i>p</i> = 0.01), bilateral mydriasis (<i>p</i> = 0.02) or generalized hyperesthesia (<i>p</i> = 0.002) were common in intoxication, whereas hyporexia and vestibulocerebellar signs (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 both) were common in IGTS. Dogs manifested only tremors in intoxication (45%) compared with IGTS (22%; <i>p</i> = 0.01). Improvement within 48 h from the onset of signs without corticosteroid treatment occurred exclusively in dogs with intoxication (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intoxication and IGTS were the most common diseases associated with generalized tremors in dogs. Historical and clinical features may aid the clinician in adjusting their differential diagnoses and formulating a diagnostic and treatment plan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal Rhinosinusitis in Cats in the United Kingdom: 34 Cases (2013–2022)","authors":"Oliver Luke Russell,&nbsp;Daisy Johnson,&nbsp;Frederik Allan,&nbsp;Cameron Prior,&nbsp;Erin O'Connell,&nbsp;Perrine Henry,&nbsp;Daniel Thompson,&nbsp;Jack Fawsitt,&nbsp;Claudia Gil Morales,&nbsp;Victoria Neale,&nbsp;Irene Strelitzia Garcia Molina,&nbsp;Harriet Hall,&nbsp;Ruth Gostelow,&nbsp;Andre Kortum","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fungal rhinosinusitis in cats is an uncommon condition with sparse literature regarding the presentation, causative agents, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis within the UK.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe and report the presenting clinical signs, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment approach, and outcome of cats diagnosed with fungal rhinosinusitis in the UK.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-four client-owned cats were diagnosed with fungal rhinosinusitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective multicenter observational study. Cases presenting at 10 UK referral centers between January 2013 and December 2022 were retrospectively recruited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Median duration of clinical signs was 3 months (0.5-42-months). The most common signs were sneezing (27/34, 79%) and nasal discharge (21/34, 62%). Turbinate lysis was present in 27/34 cases (79%) and always involved the caudal nasal cavity. Osteolysis of the frontal bone, orbit, or cribriform plate was observed in 16/34 cases (47%). At least two tests from fungal culture, panfungal PCR, and histopathology were performed in all cases, and in 8/34 cases (24%) only one was positive. The treatment approach varied, with debridement, topical clotrimazole, and systemic azole therapy used alone or in various combinations, and repeat treatment occurred in 9/34 cases (26%). Clinical remission &gt; 90 days after treatment was found in 9/24 cases (38%), but case fatality rates were low, with 3/34 cases (9%) dying with clinical disease during available follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fungal rhinosinusitis should be considered in cats of any age with clinical signs of nasal disease. The prognosis from this data appears guarded for cats with fungal rhinosinusitis, with less than 50% of cats achieving long-term clinical remission.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal Secretory Immunoglobulin A and Lactate Level as a Biomarker of Mucosal Immune Dysfunction in Horses With Colic","authors":"Agnieszka Żak-Bochenek,&nbsp;Zuzana Drábková,&nbsp;Vaiva Sergedaite,&nbsp;Natalia Siwińska,&nbsp;Joanna Bajzert,&nbsp;Dominika Pasak,&nbsp;Anna Chełmońska-Soyta","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Colic-related obstructions can reduced intestinal mucosa function and cause dysbiosis in horses, but it is unclear how defense barrier and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) secretion is disrupted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of severity of colic signs and treatments on fecal SIgA and fecal lactate in horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-two client owned hospitalised horses with colic and eight healthy horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective clinical trial. Fecal samples were taken daily for 7 days. SIgA was analyzed using ELISA, and D/L-lactate measured with a commercial kit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At Day 0, SIgA values in the colic medical and colic surgical groups were significantly higher than in the control stable group (<i>U</i> = 126.0, <i>p</i> = 0.099, Cliff's ∆ = 0.58 and <i>U</i> = 248.0, <i>p</i> = 0.005, Cliff's ∆ = 0.72, respectively). We found significant correlation between fecal SIgA and fecal lactate level in D0 (<i>r</i>_s = 0.421, <i>p</i> = 0.038).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrates the feasibility of using fecal samples to identify biomarkers of colic in horses. An increase in fecal SIgA in horses with colic might suggest the presence of inflammation within the intestines and disruption of the mucosal barrier. These data highlight changes in gastrointestinal barrier and immune function and the intestinal microbiota's metabolic activity in horses with colic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in Horses Admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital","authors":"Marion Allano,&nbsp;Julie Arsenault,&nbsp;Marie Archambault,&nbsp;Julie-Hélène Fairbrother,&nbsp;Frédéric Sauvé","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a major cause of nosocomial infections, including in veterinary settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the prevalence, risk factors for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (SA) and MRSA colonization, and the duration of MRSA colonization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elective cases admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital were recruited (228 horses).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted over 3 years. Nasal swabs were collected at admission and cultured for SA. Methicillin-resistant isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) technology, oxacillin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and PCR testing. Horses colonized with MRSA were resampled until two negative cultures were obtained. Stabling management, activity, and medical history were obtained from owners and medical files. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to model associations between risk factors and colonization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of SA and of MRSA nasal carriage was 17.5% (95% CI: 12.4–22.7) and 6.2% (95% CI: 2.9–9.4), respectively. Of the 10 horses colonized by MRSA and monitored over time, only one tested positive after 3 months. More than 10 horses on the premises (OR 6.0 – 95% CI 1.1–64.2), previous hospitalization (OR 6.0 – 95% CI 1.0–35.2), and year of admission (2022 vs. 2020–2021; OR 9.0 – 95% CI 1.7–92.2) were associated with MRSA nasal carriage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of MRSA nasal colonization is of concern; however, the carriage seems transitory. Apart from the medical risk factors, the importance of social interactions in MRSA transmission needs to be elucidated in horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bromethalin Exposure in Dogs and Cats: A 14-Year Retrospective Study (2010–2023) From the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System","authors":"Sigal Klainbart,&nbsp;Marcos Pérez-López,&nbsp;Michael S. Filigenzi,&nbsp;Robert H. Poppenga","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bromethalin, a rodenticide, is increasingly used due to restrictions on other rodenticides.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study aimed to analyze the frequency, demographics, clinical signs, and diagnostics of suspected bromethalin intoxication in dogs and cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two hundred twenty-three cases (249 samples) involving 123 dogs and 100 cats suspected or confirmed to have bromethalin intoxication were submitted to the toxicology laboratory at the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a retrospective cohort study. Between 2010 and 2023, Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry was used to detect desmethylbromethalin (DMB), bromethalin's metabolite, in various tissues and serum.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cases increased 2.8-fold from 59 (2010–2016) to 164 (2017–2023). Cats were significantly younger (median 24 months, IQR: 41.5) than dogs (36 months, IQR: 60.0; <i>p</i> = 0.016) and were more likely to have confirmed DMB exposure (60% vs. 25%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Submitted samples for analysis were adipose tissue (37%), liver (20%), and brain (19%). Clinical signs included seizures, tremors, weakness, and paralysis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 17 dogs and cats were consistent with bromethalin intoxication in 77% of cases. Autopsies (33 cases) revealed CNS lesions compatible with bromethalin toxicosis in 2/8 dogs and in 24/25 cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bromethalin exposure is increasingly prevalent in pets. Adipose tissue remains the most reliable sample for diagnosis; cats are more likely to test positive for DMB and exhibit compatible autopsy results. MRI findings can also support the diagnosis. These insights could assist in diagnosing and managing bromethalin intoxication in pets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Study of Chemotherapy-Related Extravasation Events in Dogs and Cats","authors":"Elise Martens,&nbsp;Rachel Hritz,&nbsp;Craig Clifford,&nbsp;Christine Mullin,&nbsp;Corrine Camero,&nbsp;Kai-Biu Shiu,&nbsp;Catherine Chan,&nbsp;Chelsea del Alcazar,&nbsp;Carol DeRegis,&nbsp;Lindsay Donnelly,&nbsp;Bryan Marker,&nbsp;Katarzyna Purzycka,&nbsp;Kathryn Vickery","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chemotherapy extravasation is a potentially serious complication. There is a paucity of information in the veterinary literature investigating extravasation events, treatments, and outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluate chemotherapy extravasation events and treatments in dogs and cats, adverse events (AEs), and overall outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty dogs and three cats were included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective, multicenter, descriptive study including dogs or cats with suspected extravasation from chemotherapy. Information obtained included: signalment, extravasation details and treatment provided, AEs graded according to VCOG-CTCAE v2 criteria, and outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The most common drug extravasated was doxorubicin, followed by carboplatin. Carboplatin extravasation (<i>n</i> = 5) resulted in Grades III–IV AEs, all of which required surgical debridement. Doxorubicin extravasation (<i>n</i> = 9) resulted in Grades 0–V AEs, two of which amputation was ultimately recommended, and one of those two was euthanized instead. Extravasation of vinca alkaloids (<i>n</i> = 5) and rabacfosadine (<i>n</i> = 1) resulted in Grades II–III AEs, all managed in the outpatient setting. Mitoxantrone (<i>n</i> = 2) and dacarbazine (<i>n</i> = 1) extravasation resulted in no clinical signs associated with extravasation injury. Seventy-eight percent (18/23) cases had extravasation occur during one of the first four treatments of chemotherapy, with 30% (7/23) occurring during the first chemotherapy treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most cases (20/23) had mild to moderate or no AEs. Findings support that carboplatin should be considered a vesicant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Evaluation of Serum Symmetric Dimethylarginine Concentration in Dogs With Protein-Losing Enteropathy","authors":"Yeon Joon Park,&nbsp;Alexander J. German,&nbsp;David Brewer,&nbsp;Erin O'Connell","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is abnormally increased in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Changes in dogs with gastrointestinal disease, such as protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), have not been assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluate SDMA concentration in non-azotemic dogs with PLE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 127 client-owned dogs, 17 with PLE, 34 controls matched for age, breed, sex, and neuter status, and 76 additional controls for multiple linear regression modeling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective case–control study. The clinical records of a United Kingdom referral hospital were reviewed. Dogs with azotemia or prior glucocorticoid or immunosuppressive treatment were excluded. Dogs diagnosed with PLE that had serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations measured were compared with the matched controls. Signalment, clinical presentation, clinicopathological abnormalities, treatment, and SDMA concentration pre- (PLE-T0) and post- (PLE-T1) treatment were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At baseline, SDMA concentration was higher in PLE (T0, 15.2 ± 2.02 μg/dL) than in control (11.0 ± 3.13 μg/dL) dogs (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; Hedge's G, 1.48), but decreased with treatment (PLE-T1: 10.3 ± 2.78 μg/dL; T0 vs. T1: <i>p</i> = 0.01, Hedge's G, 1.31). Serum creatinine concentration was similar in PLE (T0, 0.81 ± 0.24 μg/dL) and control (0.85 ± 0.26 μg/dL) dogs at baseline (<i>p</i> = 0.57; Hedge's G, 0.18). Serum albumin concentration was lower in PLE (1.60 ± 0.51 g/dL) than in control (2.96 ± 0.49 g/dL) dogs (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; Hedge's G, 2.68) before treatment, but increased with treatment (PLE-T1: 2.29 ± 0.65 g/dL; T0 vs. T1: <i>p</i> = 0.003; Hedge's G, 1.14), although it remained lower than the concentration in controls (<i>p</i> = 0.002; Hedge's G, 1.23). No other clinicopathological differences were evident.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum SDMA concentration is increased in dogs with PLE; the clinical relevance of this finding requires further investigation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}