Medical Engineering & Physics最新文献

{"title":"Development and preliminary laboratory evaluation of a prototype postpartum fluid-loss monitoring pad with threshold detection capability.","authors":"Hatice Gencer, Sevgi Özkan","doi":"10.1088/1873-4030/ae9d81","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1873-4030/ae9d81","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the most significant complications encountered during the postpartum period. The aim of this study is to develop a prototype postpartum fluid-loss monitoring device incorporating a threshold-based detection system and to conduct its preliminary laboratory evaluation. This is a methodological study. The prototype developed for postpartum fluid-loss monitoring features a top layer composed of fabric that transmits fluid to the underlying layer and a bottom layer consisting of a polyethylene film to prevent fluid leakage. The middle section of the pad contains fluff pulp and superabsorbent polymer (SAP) in amounts designed to absorb up to 300 ml of fluid. The second section of the pad contains fluff pulp and SAP in an amount sufficient to sequester 200 ml of fluid. Hydrophobic strips were placed between the two sections to prevent the transition of fluid to the second section before the first section reaches full capacity. In the second stage of the study, the integrated sensing system was designed to detect when the fluid reached a predefined threshold and automatically send an alert message to designated mobile phones. As a result of this study, a prototype of the postpartum fluid-loss monitoring pad was developed and its preliminary tests were conducted under laboratory conditions. Our results indicate that the system is technically feasible. However, further laboratory and clinical validation studies are required to evaluate its performance and potential clinical applicability for PPH monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometry-aware chest-worn inertial sensing for pediatric activity assessment using a school-badge device.","authors":"Zhiyuan Yang, Liang Li, Yujun Cai, Zhiyuan Sun, Liangze Tao, Chunyu Bao, Qinghua Meng, Xuesong Li, Yijia Xue, Kai Xiong, Longxin Yan, Can Bu","doi":"10.1088/1873-4030/aea226","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1873-4030/aea226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective assessment of physical activity in children and adolescents supports school health surveillance and the evaluation of behavioral interventions, but wearable recognition models are typically developed on adults, public benchmarks, or sample-level data splits that do not test performance on new users. Baseline models also encode the inertial stream alone and carry no description of the individual, leaving developmental differences in body size and movement execution uncorrected. This study developed the Anthropometry-Aware Temporal Attention DeepConvLSTM (AATA-DeepConvLSTM) model for single-label 22-class activity recognition from a chest-worn school-badge inertial measurement unit. It combines convolutional-recurrent encoding of eight inertial channels (triaxial acceleration and angular velocity at 100 Hz plus their magnitudes), temporal attention pooling, and representation-level fusion of age, sex, height, body weight, and body mass index as subject-level context. After quality control, 4,666 activity records from 128 participants aged 5-18 years were analyzed under subject-independent five-fold cross-validation, with record-level macro-averaged1 (Macro-1) as the primary metric. AATA-DeepConvLSTM reached a record-level accuracy of 0.9377 and a Macro-1 of 0.9291, against 0.9092 and 0.8992 for the strongest baseline, DeepConvLSTM. In ablation, temporal attention alone raised Macro-1 from 0.8992 to 0.9112 and real anthropometric context raised it to 0.9291, whereas shuffling the anthropometric values across participants returned it to 0.9117; height alone recovered 0.9264. Static postures remained the weakest classes. These results support anthropometry-aware wearable-signal modeling as a feasible engineering approach for pediatric activity assessment, while naturalistic validation and stable calibration protocols remain necessary before routine school-based deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypernetwork-guided fusion with intra-class MixUp for breast cancer subtyping.","authors":"Faseela Abdullakutty, Younes Akbari, Somaya Al-Maadeed, Ahmed Bouridane, Rifat Hamoudi, Suchithra Kunhoth","doi":"10.1088/1873-4030/ae9ffa","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1873-4030/ae9ffa","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate breast cancer subtyping guides treatment selection, yet histopathology captures morphology without molecular state, while genomic profiling captures molecular signatures without spatial context. Existing fusion methods rely on concatenation, or on attention applied only after each modality is encoded independently. This work identifies a scale-dependent asymmetry in the direction of cross-modal conditioning: the direction that performs best under limited samples is not the one that holds at scale, and the reversal is traced to the capacity of the modulation pathway rather than to the fusion principle. The comparison is carried out within a hypernetwork-guided framework in which an auxiliary network maps one modality to conditioning parameters that modulate the other's feature representation, shaping features at the parametric level rather than the decision stage; modulation is patient-specific rather than patch-specific. Both directions are instantiated-gene-to-image (HyperG2I) and image-to-gene (HyperI2G) - and trained under a label-aware MixUp strategy that interpolates within-class samples across both modalities, preserving the hard binary labels clinical decisions require. The framework is evaluated on two paired TCGA-BRCA cohorts-one limited-sample, one independently assembled at scale-under a single protocol spanning two whole-slide representations, multiple visual backbones, and both conditioning directions. On the limited-sample cohort, gene-to-image conditioning at its optimal augmentation setting exceeds early fusion and both unimodal baselines, giving the highest recall on the aggressive Basal/HER2 class of any configuration evaluated, and an ablation favours intra-class over inter-class mixing. At scale this ordering does not hold: image-to-gene conditioning sustains its performance whereas gene-to-image does not, recovering only partially under the full tissue bag and isolating the capacity of the modulation pathway as the binding constraint. Direction and capacity of cross-modal conditioning, rather than fusion depth alone, therefore govern how such frameworks scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of cognitive load and usability in 3 percutaneous posterior spine surgical workflows using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), Surgical Task Load Index (SURG-TLX) and modified System Usability Survey.","authors":"Patrick Cannon, Elisabetta Ferrari, Bruce Robie, Annalisa Michielli, Timothy Minogue, Daniel O'connor","doi":"10.1088/1873-4030/ae9d83","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1873-4030/ae9d83","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increase complexity in surgical workflows, with the introduction of digital interfaces and navigation, has the potential risk of introducing cognitive burden to the user. Understanding the effect of different surgical workflows on the user's mental load, as a way of supporting decision-making and design iterations for medical device development, is limited. The present study aimed to quantify differences in cognitive load during a demanding task in spine surgery (percutaneous pedicle screw placement) performed with three workflows with increasing complexity, from limited visual aid to the presence of a navigation system and digital interfaces. The methodology described in the present study included user performance data, through functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data and user perception data, by means of Surgical Task Load Index (SURG-TLX) and a modified System Usability Survey (mSUS). Results demonstrated the feasibility of quantifying cognitive load through frontal lobe oxygenation metrics, demonstrating the workflow with the least amount of surgeon aid produced the highest and longer duration cognitive load, compared to workflows involving digital interfaces. The reduction in frontal lobe blood flow was supported by an overall perceived reduction in task complexity, overall demand, both mental and physical and situational stress. Results from this study suggests that the combination of fNIRS, SURG-TLX and mSUS provides a breadth of metrics describing changes in cognitive load for different surgical workflow complexities, which can support design input for medical device development. To our knowledge, this is the first study involving quantification of cognitive load in the surgical environment as a tool to support medical device development. This study can therefore be the starting point for a broad range of investigations to study the effect of medical device iteration on surgeons' cognitive load, system efficiency and usability and ultimately patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical evaluation of the temporomandibular joint following multi-directional orthognathic surgery: a finite element analysis.","authors":"Sema Dutar Çomurlu, Ümit Ertaş, İrfan Kaymaz, Osman Yavuz","doi":"10.1088/1873-4030/aea225","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1873-4030/aea225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the biomechanical effects of multidirectional maxillary repositioning combined with mandibular advancement and rotation on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) components using patient-specific finite element analysis. Patient-specific three-dimensional models, reconstructed from the preoperative computed tomography (CT) data of six distinct patients presenting with varying dentofacial deformities, were used to generate the six virtual orthognathic surgery configurations, including isolated mandibular advancement, bimaxillary repositioning, vertical maxillary movements, and asymmetric rotational components. Under identical loading and boundary conditions, stress distributions in the condyle, articular disc, and glenoid fossa were evaluated. The results showed that isolated mandibular advancement produced higher and more asymmetric stress concentrations, whereas bimaxillary configurations resulted in lower and more homogeneous stress distribution. Vertical maxillary repositioning and rotational asymmetry increased unilateral and unbalanced joint loading. These findings suggest that bimaxillary surgical approaches may provide a more favorable biomechanical environment for the TMJ, while large mandibular advancements and rotational components should be planned cautiously because of their potential to increase postoperative joint loading.</p>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image-based automated measurement of orthodontic tooth displacement using bracket detection.","authors":"Yahong Wang, Daniel R Mesghena, Zhenyu He, Jing Xiong, Ning Zhao, Zeyang Xia","doi":"10.1088/1873-4030/aea162","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1873-4030/aea162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate measurement of tooth displacement is essential for orthodontic treatment planning and outcome evaluation. In routine practice, however, commonly used methods such as manual caliper measurement are constrained by limited resolution, marked operator dependence, and low efficiency when repeated measurements are required. This study proposes a fully automated image-based measurement framework in which orthodontic brackets are detected as anatomical reference markers using a YOLOv11-based detection model. The detected brackets are then automatically sorted, classified into maxillary and mandibular groups, and used for scale-normalized distance calculation, enabling high-precision displacement measurement. The method can support real-time longitudinal monitoring during orthodontic treatment and retrospective quantitative analysis of archived clinical images. Evaluation on an intraoral clinical dataset from six orthodontic patients showed that the model achieved an average mAP@0.5 of 95.4% and a precision of 97.9% in patient-level cross-validation, with an average processing time of 40 ms per image. The system measurement resolution reached 0.01 mm. In 140 clinical gauge-block validation measurements, the mean absolute error was 0.028 mm, and all errors were within 0.05 mm. These results indicate that the proposed system provides a rapid, accurate, and repeatable solution for clinical assessment of orthodontic tooth displacement.</p>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearable IMU-based gait-cycle signal processing with multi-scale attention for preliminary auxiliary identification of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.","authors":"Zhichao Wu, Xiaoyu Shang, Jianxiong Ma","doi":"10.1088/1873-4030/ae9ff8","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1873-4030/ae9ff8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) often presents with nonspecific early symptoms, which may lead to missed or delayed diagnosis. Gait abnormality is an important functional manifestation of ONFH, and wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based gait analysis may provide a portable and non-invasive approach for auxiliary assessment. In this study, we developed a wearable IMU-based gait-cycle signal processing and modeling framework for preliminary auxiliary identification of ONFH. Raw multichannel gait signals were segmented into gait cycles, followed by cycle-level quality control and temporal normalization to obtain fixed-length multichannel gait-cycle samples. A multi-scale gated attention network (MSGA-Net) was further proposed to capture multi-scale temporal dynamics within gait cycles while controlling model complexity. The framework was evaluated at the subject level using leave-one-subject-out cross-validation and compared with advanced time-series models and conventional machine-learning baselines based on handcrafted gait features. Complementary feature-based and hierarchical occlusion analyses were conducted to examine model interpretability. MSGA-Net achieved a subject-level accuracy of 0.941, sensitivity of 0.810, specificity of 0.996, and AUC of 0.982 at the default threshold. The interpretability analyses suggested that the predictions relied on multiple gait characteristics rather than a single feature. A post hoc threshold-dependent analysis showed a trade-off between sensitivity and specificity in the present dataset. These findings suggest that wearable IMU-derived gait-cycle dynamics may contain discriminative information for distinguishing ONFH patients from healthy controls. The proposed framework provides preliminary feasibility evidence for IMU-based auxiliary identification of ONFH and warrants validation in larger independent cohorts before practical clinical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying heartbeat micro-fragmentations post-myocardial infarction using wavelet entropy and complexity.","authors":"Gisela V Clemente, Leandro Andrini, Mariano Llamedo Soria","doi":"10.1088/1873-4030/aea228","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1873-4030/aea228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wavelet-based entropy and statistical complexity can quantify subtle alterations in the multiscale organization of ventricular depolarization that are not necessarily apparent during standard electrocardiographic inspection. This study evaluates the transferability, robustness, and methodological sensitivity of these descriptors in a large two-database post-myocardial-infarction setting. We analyzed 12-lead ECG records from the PTB Diagnostic Electrocardiogram Database and PTB-XL. A predefined analysis cohort contained 5,887 control (CTRL), 118 early/healing post-infarction (MI7), and 294 healed/chronic post-infarction (MI60) records. The supplied QRS matrices already contained segmented and aligned QRS windows. Because beat-level rejection metadata were not retained in these stored matrices, feature calculation was based on the QRS complexes available for analysis. Normalized wavelet entropy and statistical complexity were computed from relative wavelet energy and summarized by lead and by a multi-lead criterion. Statistical analyses accounted for repeated patients, age, sex, database origin, class imbalance, and patient-level separation during validation. In patient-grouped nested validation, the joint entropy-complexity representation yielded AUCs of 0.858 (95% CI 0.808-0.902) for CTRL versus MI7, 0.621 (0.584-0.660) for CTRL versus MI60, and 0.759 (0.705-0.809) for MI7 versus MI60. Physically harmonized frequency analyses weakened several contrasts, particularly CTRL versus MI60. The descriptors remained associated with post-infarction group status after covariate adjustment, but their magnitude and discriminative performance depended partly on database composition and frequency definition. Wavelet entropy and statistical complexity are therefore best interpreted as exploratory, complementary signal-processing descriptors of multiscale QRS organization rather than as validated diagnostic or prognostic markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-series analysis of multi-muscle coactivation and center of mass kinematics in older adults during gait.","authors":"Mohsen Alighanbari, Reece Champion, Kiefer Hoang","doi":"10.1088/1873-4030/ae9f5e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1873-4030/ae9f5e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of aging on coactivation and CoM kinematics has been assessed in phase-based analyses, but the scalar time-series analysis of these factors and their associations remain unexplored. To identify the effect of aging on multi-muscle coactivation and whole-body CoM kinematics and their associations during gait. Ankle and knee multi-muscle coactivation were calculated using a time-varying multi-muscle coactivation function. CoM speed and acceleration were calculated with three-point finite difference formulae. Statistical parametric mapping<i>t</i>-tests were used to identify differences in coactivation and CoM kinematics between old and young adults. A pointwise regression analysis with false discovery rate correction was used to assess associations between joint coactivation and CoM speed and acceleration. The pointwise regression analysis was performed for the ipsilateral leg during its respective stride due to effects of time-shifting on the results. Older adults had higher right ankle coactivation (Right stride: 14.7%-17.2%, 30.3%-33.65%, Left stride: 65.7%-68.1%, 80%-82.6%) and lower CoM speed (Right stride: 0.01%-9.1%, 44.7%-61.1%, 94.6%-100%, Left stride: 0.01%-10.7%, 45.8%-68.7%, 93.7%-100%) than young adults. Older adults also had lower deceleration (Right stride: 19.2%-21.4%, 68.1%-72.4%, Left stride: 17.7%-22.4%, 68.6%-72.4%) and acceleration (Right stride: 45.1%-49.2%, Left stride: 99%-100%) than younger adults. The pointwise association results revealed associations between knee (Right: 62.7%-63%, 84.7%-92.1% Left: 62.4%-64%, 85.8%-91.3%) and ankle (Right: 0.01%-0.6%, Left: 54.6%-64.1%) coactivation with CoM speed. For CoM acceleration, the pointwise regression revealed associations with knee (Right: 58.2%-58.7%, Left: 79.4%-80.9%) and ankle (Right: 60.5%-64.2%, Left: 93.9%-94.2%) coactivation. Older adults had lower CoM speed, altered CoM acceleration, and greater ankle multi-muscle coactivation than younger adults, potentially due to adoption of cautious gait. Furthermore, the pointwise regression results suggest limb-specific, temporal associations between coactivation and CoM kinematics, possibly reflecting demands at various phases of gait such as ground clearance, propulsion, and stabilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental cadaveric limb motion platform for detecting altered mechanical responses under small-joint defect conditions.","authors":"Chen-Ye Hong, Chih-Hao Chou, Yi-Ji Wang, Kuan-Lin Wu, Shu-Jyuan Yang, Chih-Hao Chang, Dian-Ru Li","doi":"10.1088/1873-4030/ae9ec7","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1873-4030/ae9ec7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This proof-of-concept study developed a novel<i>in vitro</i>biomechanical evaluation platform for quantitatively detecting altered mechanical responses in small joints under controlled structural perturbations. The platform was designed to apply repeatable flexion-extension cycles to ex vivo rabbit hindlimb specimens while enabling synchronized measurement of global reaction force and localized periarticular deformation. Four specimens were tested under baseline and post-perturbation conditions, with controlled bone resections of increasing magnitude introduced following standard surgical procedures and quantified using the relative incision length (RIL). To characterize perturbation-induced mechanical changes, two dimensionless indices were defined: the relative amplitude difference (RAD) to represent changes in global dynamic force response and the strain alteration index to quantify changes in marker-derived apparent in-plane strain. Force attenuation was observed in all four specimens under both the 0°-35° and 0°-70° motion profiles. Under the 0°-35° profile, RAD showed progressively greater attenuation with increasing RIL, ranging from -32% to -93%, whereas the ordering was less uniform under the 0°-70° profile. The strain-based response also varied with motion range and strain metric. The smallest perturbation exhibited among the largest relative strain increases under both profiles, while the intermediate and larger perturbations did not show a uniform graded ordering. These findings indicate that global force and regional apparent in-plane strain provide complementary, motion-dependent quantitative readouts of mechanically altered joint behavior rather than a single angle-independent relationship with perturbation magnitude. Overall, the proposed platform establishes an accessible and controllable<i>in vitro</i>biomechanical framework for comparing mechanical responses across controlled structural and motion conditions and provides a foundation for future evaluation of artificial finger joint designs under conditions such as implant undersizing, geometric mismatch, or altered joint congruence.</p>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148834478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}