Microbiology-Sgm最新文献

{"title":"Difficult-to-culture micro-organisms specifically isolated using the liquid-liquid co-culture method - towards the identification of bacterial species and metabolites supporting their growth.","authors":"Atsushi Hisatomi, Takanobu Yoshida, Tomohisa Hasunuma, Moriya Ohkuma, Mitsuo Sakamoto","doi":"10.1099/mic.0.001581","DOIUrl":"10.1099/mic.0.001581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the liquid-liquid co-culture method was applied using faecal samples and specific bacterial species as growth-supporting bacteria. We aimed to isolate new, difficult-to-culture bacterial species using metabolites produced by supportive bacteria to promote the growth of small bacteria selected using filter treatment. This study aimed to identify the supporting bacteria and their metabolites that promote the growth of these isolates. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates obtained by co-culture revealed that they were <i>Waltera</i> spp., <i>Roseburia</i> spp. and <i>Phascolarctobacterium faecium</i>. <i>Roseburia</i> spp. and <i>Waltera</i> spp. were isolated from several faecal samples, suggesting that they were specifically isolated using this culture method. We focused on <i>Waltera</i> spp. isolated from several faecal samples with unique shapes, from long to short or thin cells. The growth of <i>Waltera</i> spp. was not promoted by co-culture on the agar medium, suggesting that growth was only promoted by liquid-liquid co-culture. The growth of the selected small-sized <i>Waltera</i> spp. was promoted by co-culture, whereas the growth of the unfiltered long-cell <i>Waltera</i> sp. strain was suppressed by co-culture. The selected small <i>Waltera</i> spp. did not grow when the supporting bacterial supernatant was added, suggesting that the supporting bacteria and <i>Waltera</i> spp. had a symbiotic relationship through the continuous exchange of metabolites. Co-cultured supporting bacteria (diluted faecal samples) with selected small-sized <i>Waltera</i> spp. were predominantly <i>Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>, compared with monoculture diluted faecal samples. We further confirmed the growth of filtered <i>Waltera</i> spp. by co-culturing them with <i>B. thetaiotaomicron</i> and <i>E. coli</i>. Additionally, when <i>B. thetaiotaomicron</i> and <i>E. coli</i> were co-cultured with the selected small <i>Waltera</i> spp., some nutrients and metabolites were reduced. Decreased metabolites were added to the medium, and selected small-sized <i>Waltera</i> spp. were cultured, but <i>Waltera</i> spp. did not grow. Therefore, it was again strongly suggested that continuous co-culturing with the supporting bacteria was important for the growth of <i>Waltera</i> spp. The liquid-liquid co-culture method used in this study can be used to isolate new and unique bacterial species from any environment, not just the gut microbiome. Furthermore, this co-culture method helped identify supporting bacteria and understand metabolite variations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49819,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology-Sgm","volume":"171 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12282286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of bioaerosol stakeholder mapping and engagement for the development of future strategic collaborations: a UK perspective.","authors":"Sophie A Mills, Sana G Shetty, Gillian H Drew, Kerry A Broom, Emma Marczylo, Philippa Douglas","doi":"10.1099/mic.0.001574","DOIUrl":"10.1099/mic.0.001574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stakeholder mapping is a process that involves identifying, characterizing and visualizing the connections between stakeholders. It is important to understand the main influencers and those with an interest in or affected by a certain project or field. Stakeholders can have diverse perspectives and priorities, some complementary and others conflicting, and it is important to develop effective engagement strategies to facilitate progress with the desired impact. Here, we present the first such analysis for the bioaerosol research field. This study presents data from a survey and outcomes from workshops attended by researchers with an interest in bioaerosols. Bioaerosols are airborne particles from biological origin that can have diverse and serious effects on public health. Stakeholders were identified and analysed in terms of sector, engagement type, interest and influence scores, expertise and the nature of the relationships between them. Limitations of this study are discussed with suggestions for improvements. The workshops included discussions on missing stakeholders, skills and knowledge gaps, the uses of stakeholder mapping and how to facilitate skill sharing, collaboration and effective progress in the future. We share this to provide a simple but successful approach for researchers with no previous practical experience in stakeholder mapping to modify, use and realize similar benefits within their own fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":49819,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology-Sgm","volume":"171 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12282280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of mutations associated with tolerance to chlorhexidine and other cationic biocides among <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> clinical isolates.","authors":"Vicky Bennett, Ocean E Clarke, Maryam Y Ravari, James D Winslow, Matthew E Wand, Andrew Preston, Emma L Denham, J Mark Sutton, Brian V Jones","doi":"10.1099/mic.0.001580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.001580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Proteus mirabilis</i> is a frequent cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infection and often exhibits high tolerance to chlorhexidine (CHD), a biocide used widely in healthcare settings. We previously demonstrated that inactivation of the s<i>mvR</i> repressor (leading to overexpression of the <i>smvA</i> efflux system), truncation of the MltA-interacting protein MipA and aspects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure modulate CHD susceptibility in this organism. However, the prevalence of these mechanisms among <i>P. mirabilis</i> clinical isolates, the conditions under which they can be acquired and their impact on susceptibility to other cationic biocides require further study. Through phenotypic and genomic analysis of a panel of 78 <i>P</i>. <i>mirabilis</i> clinical isolates, we have confirmed that deleterious mutations in <i>smvR</i> commonly arise in <i>P. mirabilis</i> and are significantly associated with reduced susceptibility to CHD and other cationic biocides. Mutations in <i>mipA</i> were also associated with CHD tolerance. Conversely, mutations in <i>smvA</i> and the <i>rppA</i> response regulator (which governs lipid A modifications that alter LPS surface charge) were associated with increased susceptibility to several biocides. Several isolates harbouring <i>smvR</i> mutations displayed incongruous phenotypes, exhibiting relatively modest CHD tolerance, which could not be accounted for by co-occurring mutations in <i>smvA</i> and <i>rppA</i> or defects in LPS (as assessed by polymyxin B susceptibility). Further analysis of these isolates revealed mutations in the LPS core biosynthesis gene <i>waaG</i>, leading to LPS truncation from the inner core region. Directed evolution experiments further reinforced the importance of <i>smvR</i> inactivation in biocide adaptation in <i>P. mirabilis</i> and demonstrated that relevant mutations can be selected for by exposure to CHD concentrations up to four times lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration. Taken together, these results expand our understanding of mechanisms underlying tolerance to cationic biocides in this species and provide evidence for common mechanisms of cationic biocide tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49819,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology-Sgm","volume":"171 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved efficiency of two-step amplicon PCR using an acoustic liquid handler.","authors":"Brooke R Benz, Eglantina Lopez-Echartea, Briana K Whitaker, Thomas Baldwin, Barney A Geddes","doi":"10.1099/mic.0.001579","DOIUrl":"10.1099/mic.0.001579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The improvement in next-generation sequencing technologies has reduced the costs of sequencing significantly. However, library preparation costs for amplicon sequencing have remained largely unchanged - which is ultimately the cost-limiting step in processing large numbers of microbiome samples. Acoustic liquid handlers can transfer volumes as low as 2.5 nl and have been used to miniaturize several different molecular and cellular assays, including single-step PCR amplicon library preparations. However, there are no current methods available for a two-step library preparation process using an acoustic liquid handler. In this study, we tested the efficiency of an acoustic liquid handler to automate the PCRs and library quantification while also incorporating automated library bead cleanup. We compared the material usage and costs for library preparation and sequencing results of this automated method to the standard, manual method. The automated protocol was able to reduce both PCR reaction volumes fivefold and increased efficiency for library preparation by ~32% without affecting bacterial community compositions. The associated increase in the efficiency of our automated method will allow for greater throughput in sequencing hundreds of microbiome samples without affecting the quality of those sequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":49819,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology-Sgm","volume":"171 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative genomic analysis of <i>Latilactobacillus sakei</i> strains provides new insights into their association with different niche adaptations.","authors":"Kohei Ito, Yutaro Ito","doi":"10.1099/mic.0.001578","DOIUrl":"10.1099/mic.0.001578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Latilactobacillus sakei</i>, a lactic acid bacterium in diverse environments such as fermented foods, meat and the human gastrointestinal tract, exhibits significant genetic diversity and niche-specific adaptations. This study conducts a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis of 29 complete <i>L. sakei</i> genomes to uncover the genetic mechanisms underlying these adaptations. Phylogenetic analysis divided the species into three distinct clades that did not correlate with the source of isolation and did not suggest any niche-specific evolutionary direction. The pan-genome analysis revealed a substantial core genome alongside a diverse genetic repertoire, indicating both high genetic conservation and adaptability. Predicted growth rates based on codon use bias analysis suggest that <i>L. sakei</i> strains have an overall faster growth rate and may be able to efficiently dominate in competitive environments. Plasmid analysis revealed a variety of plasmids carrying genes essential for carbohydrate metabolism, enhancing <i>L. sakei</i>'s ability to thrive in various fermentation substrates. It was also found that the number of genes belonging to the GH1 family amongst sugar metabolism-related genes present on chromosomes and plasmids varies between strains and that AA1, which is involved in alcohol oxidation, has been acquired from plasmids. blast analysis revealed that some strains have environmental adaptation gene clusters of cell surface polysaccharides that may mediate attachment to food and mucosa. The knowledge gleaned from this study lays a solid foundation for future research aimed at harnessing the genetic traits of <i>L. sakei</i> strains for industrial and health-related applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":49819,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology-Sgm","volume":"171 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic use in rural Kenyan livestock: navigating misuse, experience gaps and AMR risks.","authors":"Lucy Obolensky, Esbon Wambugu, Edna K Kubai, Iain Doig, Miriam Beattie, Michael J Dillon","doi":"10.1099/mic.0.001582","DOIUrl":"10.1099/mic.0.001582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an escalating global health threat, with the greatest risk observed in low- to middle-income countries, particularly in the global south. The World Health Organization advocates for a One Health approach to address AMR, promoting collaboration across sectors, including in agriculture. This study aims to enhance understanding of antimicrobial use and stewardship in livestock within pastoralist communities in northern Kenya, where there is limited information. The study employed a qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews to gather data on farming practices and antibiotic use. Interviews were conducted by trained volunteers proficient in Swahili and Ma (a Maasai language), across four pastoralist communities in northern Kenya in December 2023. The data were then thematically analysed by four researchers. Fifty-one individuals participated in the study. Thematic analysis revealed several key insights, including the widespread misuse of antibiotics, often used on intuition and without professional support. A notable barrier to appropriate use was the lack of veterinary advice, with many participants relying on agrovets or past experience for guidance. Cross-use of antibiotics, such as administering animal antibiotics to humans, was also observed. Awareness of AMR was limited, and leftover antibiotics were often saved or shared across communities. The findings from this study underscore the critical need for targeted education and training within these communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":49819,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology-Sgm","volume":"171 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12248241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purification and characterization of a novel antibacterial peptide against <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>.","authors":"Alex Novodvorski, Avalene Kong, Hai Yu, Dion Lepp, Ashley Brott, Jason Carere, Stephen Seah, Joshua Gong","doi":"10.1099/mic.0.001573","DOIUrl":"10.1099/mic.0.001573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Bacillus velezensis</i> HG88 was isolated from ileal mucosa samples of egg layer hens that were raised without the use of antibiotics. Its cell-free supernatant (CFS) was found to inhibit the growth of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>, the causative agent of necrotic enteritis in chickens. The inhibitory compound was determined to be proteinaceous due to its susceptibility to protease digestion. The antimicrobial activity was specific towards <i>C. perfringens</i>, as the CFS did not inhibit the growth of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria across nine different species and two yeast fungi. Separation of proteins from the CFS followed by peptide mass fingerprinting and genomic analyses of the strain enabled the identification of a putative antibacterial peptide with an export signal for secretion from the cell. The peptide from <i>B. velezensis</i> HG88, named IP_HG88, has sequence similarity to bacterial SH3 domains that are known to bind to the peptide portion of peptidoglycan. The gene encoding this peptide was cloned, and the peptide was purified from recombinant <i>Escherichia coli</i> as an N-terminal His-tagged peptide. The IP_HG88 with or without the His-tag inhibited the growth of <i>C. perfringens</i> with a minimum bactericidal concentration of ~57.0 or 39.1 µg ml^-1, respectively. The 3D structure of IP_HG88 was also predicted using AlphaFold 2.0.</p>","PeriodicalId":49819,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology-Sgm","volume":"171 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12282325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of the polyamine synthesis pathways on <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> virulence and plant interaction.","authors":"Leandro Solmi, Franco Rubén Rossi, Fernando Matías Romero, Marcel Bach-Pages, Gail M Preston, Andrés Gárriz","doi":"10.1099/mic.0.001569","DOIUrl":"10.1099/mic.0.001569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the role of polyamine biosynthesis in the pathogenesis of the bacterial phytopathogen <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>tomato</i>. Through a comprehensive phenotypic analysis of mutant strains affected in the synthesis of putrescine and spermidine, we reveal a complex interplay between this metabolic pathway and bacterial virulence. Disruption of putrescine synthesis impairs a variety of virulence traits such as motility, biofilm formation, siderophore production, prevention of plant stomatal closure and the functionality of the type III secretion system. This is reversed by reintroducing the deleted genes, but not by the supplementation of culture media with putrescine or apoplastic washing fluids (AWF). Similarly, suppression of spermidine biosynthesis results in a comparable phenotype. However, in this case, the wild-type phenotype is restored by adding spermidine, AWF or expressing the spermidine synthase gene. We conclude that both putrescine and spermidine are important for bacterial virulence and that plant-derived spermidine can partially compensate for bacterial needs. Accordingly, whereas putrescine deficiency leads to a hypovirulent phenotype, spermidine synthesis perturbation does not affect plant colonization. These findings emphasize the critical role of polyamine metabolism in the plant invasion process by bacterial pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":49819,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology-Sgm","volume":"171 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12152252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culturomics from field-grown crop plants using dilution to extinction, two-step library preparation and amplicon sequencing.","authors":"Eglantina Lopez-Echartea, Nicholas Dusek, Mallory Misialek, Mohammad Al Mahmud-Un-Nabi, Riley Williamson, Komal Marathe, Barney A Geddes","doi":"10.1099/mic.0.001571","DOIUrl":"10.1099/mic.0.001571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Culturomics approaches have advanced microbial research by enabling the high-throughput isolation and characterization of a broader range of bacterial taxa, including some previously considered unculturable. Here, we present the testing and optimization of a protocol for isolating and identifying hundreds of cultivable microbes from field-grown plants. This protocol was tested and optimized using the root microbiomes of field-grown corn and pea plants under varying environmental conditions in ND, USA. By employing dilution-to-extinction culturing and a two-step barcoding PCR strategy targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, we identified over 200 unique bacterial isolates. The optimized bioinformatic pipeline, built around the DADA2 package, ensured accurate amplicon sequence variant detection and taxonomy assignment. The resulting bacterial isolates span diverse phylogenetic groups, including plant-associated taxa known for promoting plant growth and mitigating stress. Our findings highlight the value of culturomics in generating microbial collections for synthetic community design and advancing plant-microbe interaction research. The protocol's scalability, cost-effectiveness and robust performance demonstrate its potential for widespread application in agricultural microbiome studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49819,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology-Sgm","volume":"171 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12174589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perturbation of the MetJ regulon impacts the consequences of 2-aminoacrylate stress in <i>Salmonella enterica</i>.","authors":"Bryce R Sawyer, Wangchen Shen, Diana M Downs","doi":"10.1099/mic.0.001572","DOIUrl":"10.1099/mic.0.001572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the absence of the broadly conserved deaminase RidA (Reactive intermediate deaminase A), <i>Salmonella enterica</i> and other organisms accumulate the reactive enamine species 2-aminoacrylate (2AA). Free 2AA, generated from serine by the serine/threonine dehydratase IlvA, reacts with and covalently inactivates a subset of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes. The metabolic stress caused by 2AA generates growth defects in <i>S. enterica</i>, including (i) when l-alanine is used as a nitrogen source, (ii) when pyruvate is used as a carbon source or (iii) in the presence of exogenous serine. Although the enzymatic targets of 2AA are consistent between growth conditions, the consequences of 2AA-dependent damage differ depending on the distribution of metabolic flux required in different conditions. Analysing the suppressors of a <i>ridA</i> mutant has furthered our understanding of the RidA stress paradigm and, more generally, how a metabolic network responds to perturbation. Many such suppressors modulate the metabolic network to eliminate 2AA production by IlvA. Here, we describe that eliminating the MetJ transcriptional repressor allows a <i>ridA</i> mutant to grow in the presence of 2AA stress in each of the three conditions. The mechanisms by which a Δ<i>metJ</i> suppresses a <i>ridA</i> mutant are nuanced and medium-dependent, emphasizing that consequences of 2AA stress differ based on environmental and metabolic context.</p>","PeriodicalId":49819,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology-Sgm","volume":"171 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}