Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Trends and disparities in acute myocardial infarction mortality with contributing hyperlipidemia in the United States, 1999-2024.","authors":"Mohamed Fawzi Hemida, Mohammad Rayyan Faisal, Salma Ehab, Raveen Mujeeb, Maryam Asif, Krish Patel, Donia Ahmed, Mahmoud Tablawy, Karim Othman Abdelnaim, Amr Ibrahim, Mohamed Ibrahim, Mohamed Olama, Ahmed Youssef, Youssef Ramadan, Sherif Eltawansy, Basel Abdelazeem","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality, and hyperlipidemia is a major modifiable risk factor. However, long-term national trends and disparities in AMI-related mortality with contributing hyperlipidemia have not been well defined.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Using the CDC WONDER database (1999-2024), AMI-related deaths among U.S. adults with hyperlipidemia documented as a contributing condition were identified using ICD-10 codes. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and crude mortality rates (CMRs) per 100,000 were calculated. Temporal trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). Analyses were stratified by sex, race and ethnicity, age group, census region, urban-rural status, and place of death. A total of 279,210 deaths were identified in which AMI was recorded as the underlying cause and hyperlipidemia was documented as a contributing condition. The overall AAMR increased from 2.89 in 1999 to 5.54 in 2024 (AAPC: 2.46; 95% CI: 2.25-2.70; p < 0.001). Mortality was higher among males than females (overall AAMR: 6.33 vs. 3.23), with a greater increase observed in males over time. Non-Hispanic (NH) Black individuals experienced the steepest rise in mortality, while NH White individuals had the highest overall AAMR. Adults aged ≥ 65 years accounted for the majority of deaths and demonstrated the highest mortality rates. Regionally, the Midwest had the highest overall AAMR, whereas the South showed the greatest temporal increase. Mortality was higher in non-metropolitan compared with metropolitan areas, and most deaths occurred at home or in medical facilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rate of AMI deaths in which hyperlipidemia was documented as contributing condition increased significantly over the 26-year study period, with steepest trends observed in males, NH Black, older aged, the southern region, and rural areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104992"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149013244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal healthy lifestyle during pregnancy and offspring metabolic health phenotypes in childhood.","authors":"Adrien M Aubert, Mireille C Schipper, Kathrin Guerlich, Muriel Tafflet, Marion Lecorguillé, Wen Lun Yuan, Alexander Douglass, Fionnuala M McAuliffe, Veit Grote, Berthold Koletzko, Natalia Ferre, Joaquin Escribano, Veronica Luque, Sandrine Lioret, Barbara Heude, Romy Gaillard, Catherine M Phillips","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Maternal lifestyle factors during pregnancy may influence offspring risk of childhood overweight-obesity (OW-OB). Obesity is a heterogenous condition with different metabolic phenotypes; limited research on their associations with early-life exposures exists. We investigated associations of a composite maternal healthy lifestyle score (HLS) and offspring metabolic phenotypes throughout childhood.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Study-specific analyses were conducted on mother-child dyads (n = 6088) from four European studies: two RCTs (secondary analysis) and two mother-child cohorts. The HLS was calculated based on pre-pregnancy BMI, and diet quality, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Children were classified as metabolically healthy/unhealthy phenotypes with underweight-normal weight or OW-OB, according to their BMI category and the absence/presence of at least one metabolic risk factor (high systolic or diastolic blood pressure, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides or elevated glucose concentrations). Maternal HLS associations with offspring metabolic health phenotypes at early (5-5.5 years), mid- (8-9 years) and late (11 years) childhood were assessed using multinomial logistic regressions. The majority of children were classified as metabolically healthy with underweight-normal weight, whereas metabolically healthy and unhealthy OW-OB children represented 3.5-13.6% and 3.9-14.8%, respectively. Consistently across studies, a higher maternal HLS was associated with a lower risk of offspring being metabolically unhealthy OW-OB across early, mid- and late childhood (RRR [95% CI] ranged from 0.43 [0.29, 0.65] to 0.80 [0.71, 0.91]). Associations with other phenotypes were less consistent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Greater maternal adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviours during pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of metabolically unhealthy OW-OB among offspring.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>CHOP: EU-Childhood Obesity Project. NCT00338689. https://clinicaltrials.gov/, ROLO: Current Controlled Trials. ISRCTN54392969. https://www.isrctn.com/.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104991"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149065652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and cardiovascular disease: a novel biomarker or a passing trend?","authors":"Mehdi Bazrafshan, Kamran Shamsa, Mehrad Namazee, Maliheh Kamali, Hamed Bazrafshan Drissi, Zahra Hooshanginezhad","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) has emerged as a composite inflammatory-metabolic biomarker with potential relevance to cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, its clinical utility and incremental value remain uncertain. This review aimed to synthesize current evidence regarding the association between UHR and cardiovascular risk, severity, and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>A structured literature review was conducted across major databases, identifying 51 eligible studies. Evidence was synthesized qualitatively across major cardiovascular domains, including coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), hypertension (HTN), stroke, vascular disease, and mortality. Elevated UHR was consistently associated with increased overall CVD risk across diverse populations and was correlated with adverse cardiometabolic profiles. In CAD, higher UHR was linked to greater disease complexity, plaque vulnerability, functionally significant stenosis, and adverse cardiovascular outcome. In HF, elevated UHR was related to higher short-term mortality and readmission. Associations with HTN and stroke were generally positive but showed some heterogeneity across studies. UHR also demonstrated relationships with arterial stiffness, aortic pathology, and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, with several studies suggesting a U- or J-shaped relationship. However; most evidence was derived from observational and retrospective analyses with possible residual confounders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>UHR is a biologically plausible and reproducible marker associated with multiple cardiovascular outcomes. However, current evidence does not yet establish its independence, superiority, or causal role in CVD. Large prospective cohorts with standardized adjustment, head-to-head biomarker comparisons, and mechanistic studies are required before UHR can be incorporated into routine cardiovascular risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104968"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149002613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk stratification in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction using epicardial adipose tissue volume and triglyceride-glucose index.","authors":"Jie Liu, Wenxian Wang, Runze Zhu, Yan Gao, Jian Wang, Liang Wu, Wanting Wang, Ximing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction remain at substantial risk of adverse clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the triglyceride-glucose index, body mass index, and epicardial adipose tissue index and to determine whether their combination improves risk stratification.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This multicenter retrospective study included 712 patients (316 with mildly reduced and 396 with preserved ejection fraction). Epicardial adipose tissue was quantified by cardiac magnetic resonance and indexed to body surface area. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed for the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality or heart failure hospitalization. During a median follow-up of 25 months, 184 patients (25.8%) experienced the primary endpoint. Higher triglyceride-glucose index and epicardial adipose tissue index were independently associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes, whereas body mass index was not. Patients with concomitantly elevated triglyceride-glucose index and epicardial adipose tissue index had the highest risk. Adding these two indices to the clinical model improved discrimination and risk reclassification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The triglyceride-glucose index and epicardial adipose tissue index were independently associated with adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Their combination provided incremental prognostic information beyond traditional clinical factors, supporting their potential utility for improved risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104988"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic coffee consumption and diabetogenic risk: data from the PAMELA study.","authors":"Fosca Quarti-Trevano, Raffaella Dell'Oro, Pasquale Ambrosino, Cesare Cuspidi, Rita Facchetti, Guido Grassi","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The present study was designed to investigate a controversial issue, namely whether and to what extent chronic coffee consumption is associated with an increased diabetogenic risk.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We examined data collected cross-sectionally and prospectively in 1158 healthy subjects belonging to the general population of the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study. Results collected at the cross-sectional examination performed at baseline show fasting serum glucose (89.4 ± 12.6 vs 89.9 ± 20.9 mg/dl, means ± SD, PNS) and incidence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG, 8.1%vs 5.5%, PNS) superimposable in coffee consumers (≥2-3 cups of coffee per day) and non-consumers. This was the case also when incidence of diabetes mellitus and use of antidiabetic drug treatment were examined. Furthermore, data collected at the 10-years follow-up examination show that the risk of new IFG and new diabetes mellitus was similar in coffee consumers and non-consumers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of the present PAMELA study suggest that in our general population chronic consumption of coffee has a neutral long-term impact on glucose metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104987"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149002606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to the Letter to the Editor: \"High LDL-cholesterol in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: the impact of body adiposity and sex\".","authors":"Claudio Maffeis, Elisa Morotti, Erika Caiazza, Quincy Pedranzini, Antonella Soglia, Parto Kharazizadeh, Marco Marigliano, Claudia Piona","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104965","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104965"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149002679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a (poly)phenol-rich supplement on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults with severe obesity: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Diana Sagués-Farreras, Mercedes Gil-Lespinard, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Catalina Bonet, Daniel Guiñón-Fort, Mónica Montserrat, Núria Virgili-Casas, Raul Zamora-Ros","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Evidence suggests that (poly)phenols may support obesity management; however, their potential benefits in severe obesity remain understudied. This study evaluated the effects of 12-week (poly)phenol supplementation alongside a hypocaloric diet on body weight and other obesity-related health outcomes in adults with severe obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>In this double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 37 adults with severe obesity recruited at Bellvitge University Hospital (Barcelona, Spain) were randomly assigned to receive either a (poly)phenol-rich supplement or a placebo, alongside a hypocaloric diet (∼1200 kcal/day) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was body weight; secondary outcomes included body composition, and cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. Longitudinal changes were analyzed using baseline-adjusted linear mixed-effects models. 36 participants were included in the main analysis, of whom 34 completed the intervention. The control and the supplement group achieved similar improvements in body weight, body composition, and most cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. However, fasting glucose showed a significant between-group difference (-7.51 [-14.39, -0.63] mg/dL) and a significant group × time interaction (p = 0.026), largely driven by an increase in the control group. Triglyceride concentrations also differed significantly between groups (-30.80 [-60.79, -0.81] mg/dL), although the group × time interaction was not significant (p = 0.169).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In adults with severe obesity, 12-week supplementation with (poly)phenol-rich extracts did not provide additional benefits on body weight or body composition outcomes beyond dietary intervention alone but may have helped preserve a more favorable cardiometabolic profile. Larger and longer trials are needed to confirm these findings.</p><p><strong>Registration number: </strong>NCT05428540.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104969"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149002644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of insulin resistant-related indices with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis: mediation analysis of blood pressure.","authors":"Luowen Zhou, Wenzhen Li, Dajie Chen, Kaiji Lang, Jinyi Wu, Yue Zhang, Dongming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>We aimed to evaluate associations between insulin resistance (IR)-related indices and carotid atherosclerosis (CA) and the mediating role of blood pressure.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>A total of 59123 participants were included in our study. Five indices were used to quantify IR: TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI), TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC), TyG-waist-height ratio (TyG-WHtR), TyG - a body shape index (TyG -ABSI) and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio. For CIMT, compared with Q1 group, the ORs (95% CIs) of TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR, TyG-ABSI, TG/HDL-C in Q4 were 3.11 (2.76-3.49), 2.69 (2.39-3.04), 2.67 (2.37-3.00), 1.59 (1.42-1.78), and 2.19 (1.97-2.45), respectively. For plaques, the ORs (95% CIs) for Q4 versus Q1 were 2.42 (2.18-2.67) for TyG-BMI, 2.85 (2.56-3.18) for TyG-WC, 2.87 (2.58-3.21) for TyG-WHtR, 2.07 (1.87-2.29) for TyG-ABSI, and 1.93 (1.75-2.13) for TG/HDL-C. For stenosis, the ORs (95% CIs) for Q4 versus Q1 were 3.12 (2.35-4.14) for TyG-BMI, 1.86 (1.42-2.44) for TyG-WC, 1.93 (1.47-2.53) for TyG-WHtR, 1.60 (1.21-2.10) for TyG-ABSI, and 1.70 (1.31-2.21) for TG/HDL-C. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses showed that TyG-BMI yielded the largest area under the curve (AUC) for CIMT: 0.823 (0.816, 0.829). TyG-WHtR exhibited the highest AUC for plaques: 0.846 (0.840, 0.851). Both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) mediated the associations between IR-related indices and CA. The mediating proportion of SBP ranged from 6.55% to 19.06%, and DBP ranged from 0.98% to 8.69%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IR-related indices are positively associated with CA. Blood pressure partially mediates the above-mentioned associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104966"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world use of Omega-3 fatty acids: a population-based study in an Italian local health unit from Northern Italy.","authors":"Andrea D'Amuri, Irene Cristini, Sofia Tebaldi, Alessia Speziali, Alessandro Scopa, Mauro Pagani, Giorgia Pellegrini, Katia Santacà, Anna Forti, Claudio Visigalli, Marco Villa, Ylenia Ingrasciotta","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) often remain at high residual cardiovascular risk despite achieving target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, frequently due to persistent hypertriglyceridemia. While omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA) are widely prescribed, recent trials and updated EAS/ESC guidelines support cardiovascular benefit only for purified Icosapent Ethyl (IPE). This study evaluated the real-world use of EPA/DHA in Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We conducted a retrospective observational study using administrative claims data from the Val Padana Local Health Unit (LHU) database (2022-2024). All individuals with at least one EPA/DHA dispensing were identified. Lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) users were assessed, and the EPA/DHA cohort was characterized by demographics, cardiovascular (CV) prevention setting (primary vs. secondary), treatment regimen (monotherapy or combination), and switching patterns. Among 669,292 residents, 23.1% received LLT; of these, 7.9% were prescribed EPA/DHA, corresponding to 1.2% of the overall population. Most EPA/DHA users were men aged 45-79 years, and more than half were in secondary CV prevention. Although combination therapy was common, overall 38.2% received EPA/DHA as monotherapy, including over 29% of secondary CV prevention patients. Switching from other LLTs, mainly statins, occurred in 16.6% of secondary CV prevention users, suggesting inappropriate use of EPA/DHA as a substitute for statin therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EPA/DHA were frequently prescribed outside current guideline recommendations, particularly as monotherapy in high-risk secondary CV prevention patients. These findings highlight a gap between evidence-based guidance and clinical practice and emphasize the need to improve prescribing appropriateness.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104967"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148913500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetarian diets, dietary trajectories, and mortality risk among older adults: evidence from two nationally representative cohorts.","authors":"Binyu Liu, Zhuoshuai Liang, Xiaoyang Li, Huizhen Jin, Ruofei Li, Hongrui Zhang, Jiahe Wang, Ran Tan, Yingao Xi, Yawen Jiang, Wenjing Sui, Yuan Zhang, Yong Li, Yunkai Liu, Yi Cheng, Yawen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Evidence on the long-term mortality implications of vegetarian diets in older adults remains limited. We aimed to examine the associations of vegetarian diets, vegetarian subtypes, and long-term dietary trajectories with all-cause mortality among older adults from two nationally representative cohorts in China and the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We analyzed adults aged ≥65 years from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS, 2008-2018; n = 6678) and the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2018; n = 6305). Vegetarian status and subtypes were operationally defined and harmonized across cohorts according to animal-source food intake. Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying covariates were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Dietary trajectories were assessed in CLHLS using repeated dietary assessments. Vegetarian diets were associated with higher all-cause mortality in both cohorts. In CLHLS, vegetarianism was associated with increased mortality risk (HR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.32), with similar findings in NHANES (HR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.11-2.08). No vegetarian subtype showed a protective association. In CLHLS, consistent vegetarianism and transitions from omnivory to vegetarianism were associated with elevated mortality risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Across two culturally distinct populations, operationally defined vegetarian dietary patterns and long-term adherence were associated with higher all-cause mortality among older adults. These findings underscore the importance of nutritional adequacy, overall dietary quality, and age-specific dietary considerations in ageing populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104963"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}