BMC Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"A new and efficient synthesis of substituted 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles from isothiocyanates and hydrazides","authors":"Lei Wu,&nbsp;Haiyign Tian,&nbsp;Yuying Zhang,&nbsp;Wenjing Ma,&nbsp;Qi Zhang,&nbsp;Ruiling Chen,&nbsp;Xiuling Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01845-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01845-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1,3,4-Oxadiazoles are privileged heterocyclic scaffolds with broad bioactivities, holding significant importance in pharmaceutical and agrochemical discovery. Herein, we report a novel, efficient, and simple synthetic route to 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles via NaOH-mediated desulfurative cyclization of hydrazides and isothiocyanates under mild reaction conditions. This developed methodology features broad substrate tolerance, excellent yields, operational simplicity, and mild conditions, providing a straightforward pathway for versatile syntheses of valuable 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative. Consequently, the present reaction opens an alternative path for the preparation of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles via regioselective cyclization hydrazides and isothiocyanates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13536576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148293071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics, mechanistic, toxicological and economical investigations of para-chlorophenol degradation by UV/persulfate and UV/persulfate/Fe2+ processes","authors":"Tayyeba Ali,&nbsp;Talha Sharif,&nbsp;Shabir Ahmad,&nbsp;Sumaira Wilayat,&nbsp;Muhammad Ateeq,&nbsp;Javed Ali Khan,&nbsp;Hazratullah Paktin","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01847-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01847-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Para-chlorophenol (4-chlorophenol, 4-CP) is a member of the toxic chlorinated phenolic compounds. It is broadly used in preservatives, and as a precursor for some herbicides and fungicides and has been detected in natural aquatic environments. This work examined the photochemical degradation of 4-CP by ultraviolet light (UV), UV/persulfate (UV/PS) and UV/persulfate/Fe²⁺ (UV/PS/Fe²⁺) methods. Under UV light irradiation (UV-C, 254 nm), the removal efficiency of 4-CP (20 mg/L) was 44.7, 58.8 and 66.8% at pH 3, 6 and 11, respectively, after 25 min of irradiation. The addition of 0.5 mM PS to UV enhanced the removal efficiency of 4-CP to 90.2% (at pH 3) and 100% (at pH 6 and 11), at the same treatment time. However, complete removal of 4-CP occurs in UV/persulfate/Fe²⁺ process, employing Fe²⁺ = 0.3 mg/L, PS = 0.5 mM and 4-CP = 20 mg/L, at pH 3, after 25 min of treatment. Additionally, the degradation efficacy was adversely affected by humic acid (HA) and inorganic ions. Similarly, the TOC removal was 65.8 and 86.1%, for UV/PS and UV/persulfate/Fe²⁺ techniques, after 120 min. Moreover, the contribution of SO₄^•− and HO^• was investigated by scavenging study. Additionally, GC-MS was used to detect the degradation products (DPs) of 4-CP. Finally, ECOSAR program was used to evaluate the toxicity of 4-CP and its DPs. Nonetheless, the present study suggests that UV/PS and UV/persulfate/Fe²⁺ techniques can effectively eliminate chlorophenols from aquatic environments.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148293128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface chemical environment regulation of carbon-based sorbent for the purification of organic impurities in H2O2","authors":"Jianguang Li,&nbsp;Tong Wang,&nbsp;Ziqin Chen,&nbsp;Zhikang Bao,&nbsp;Kang Shao,&nbsp;Jian Zhang,&nbsp;Feng Lin,&nbsp;Liang Lv","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01865-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01865-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Purification of organic impurities is critical for electronic-grade hydrogen peroxide (E-H₂O₂), since residual organics severely deteriorate the performance of semiconductor devices. Herein, we report a carbon-based sorbent (BAC-x) constructed via sodium metaborate (NaBO₂), which shows outstanding organic impurities removal efficiency in 27.25 wt% and 38.84 wt% H₂O₂ solutions. Structure characterizations reveal that NaBO₂ modification effectively tailors the surface chemical environment of activated carbon by introducing abundant surface functional groups, which act as active adsorption sites and promote chemisorption between the sorbent and organic impurities. Temkin adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models confirm that surface chemical environment governs the rate-limiting adsorption step. As a result, BAC-800 exhibits an exceptional organic impurities removal efficiency of 96.28% with a residual total organic carbon (TOC) of 6.38 mg·L^-1 that meets the standard of E-H₂O₂.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13065-026-01865-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148275604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the hydrolysis-condensation of dichloromethylsilane: a simplified protocol for polymethylhydrosiloxane synthesis as a candidate for vitreous substitute","authors":"Mutiara Septiani,&nbsp;Diba Grace Auliya,&nbsp;Lukluk Marfu’ah,&nbsp;Lena Juanda,&nbsp;Lusi Safriani,&nbsp;Wan Nurfadhilah Zaharim,&nbsp;Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,&nbsp;Risdiana Risdiana","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01862-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01862-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study reports a facile and efficient synthesis of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) via a simplified hydrolysis–condensation of dichloromethylsilane (DCMS), eliminating the need for a separate multistep condensation stage. PMHS samples were prepared by controlling reaction time and temperature and subsequently characterized for viscosity, refractive index, surface tension, and optical transmittance. Viscosity values were tuned from low (1.01 Pa·s) to medium (2.00 Pa·s), and the maximum isolated yield reached 34%, improving upon the previously reported 29.8% yield. All samples exhibited refractive indices between 1.3962 and 1.3980 and additional diopters in the range +3.02 D to +3.12 D, consistent with clinical requirements for vitreous substitutes. FTIR and ¹H‑NMR analyses confirmed the presence of Si–H groups and the Si–O–Si backbone, indicating preservation of key functional groups during synthesis. The simplified hydrolysis–condensation protocol provides a simpler, faster route to PMHS with tunable properties suitable for further biomedical evaluation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13065-026-01862-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148256791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular economy approach: repurposing modified lemon peel waste for cobalt(II) capture from simulated solutions","authors":"Ahmed S. Elkholy,&nbsp;Rasha S. Kamal,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Yahia,&nbsp;Manar El-Sayed Abdel-Raouf","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01799-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01799-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biochar from different agrowastes has been extensively used to eliminate various pollutants from wastewater. In the present work, raw lemon peels (RLP) were activated by microwave irradiation then converted into activated biochar (RLP-BC) by pyrolysis. Afterwards, both RLP and RLP-BC have undergone microwave-assisted chemical modification by hydrogen peroxide and nicotinic acid. These biosorbents were denoted as RLP, RLP-BC, OH-LP, OH-LP-BC, N-LP, and N-LP-BC respectively. They were characterized using different analytical techniques including IR, SEM, and EDX to investigate their properties. Surface topography of selected sorbents was examined using AFM, and their BET data were provided. These biosorbents were then tested for their ability to remove Co(II) from aqueous solutions under varying conditions. The adsorption experiments showed that the modified lemon peel materials showed adsorption affinity for Co(II) ions in alkaline medium, and the highest removal efficiency was achieved at pH 9. The adsorption equilibrium of Co(II) onto the biosorbents was described by the Langmuir isotherm, while adsorption kinetics were modeled using a pseudo-second-order approach for RLP-BC, N-LP, and N-LP-BC adsorbents. Thermodynamic parameters were also assessed. Results indicated that chemically modified biochar was the most effective in Co(II) removal. OH-LP-BC exhibited the highest Q_max (28.9 mg g⁻¹), while N-LP-BC showed the lowest (14.5 mg g⁻¹). Reusability tests demonstrated that these sorbents could be reused up to four times with removal efficiencies exceeding 50%. Furthermore, efficacy of the investigated sorbents in removal of Co(II) from a sample of fertilizer wastewater was explored at the optimized conditions. Our finding proves the suitability of the green sorbents as possible candidates for wastewater treatment application.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13065-026-01799-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148248515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of methylene blue and tetracycline on nitrogen-doped cotton stalk-based biochar and mechanism research","authors":"Sining Li,&nbsp;Qiushuang Cui,&nbsp;Yong Huang,&nbsp;Ke Jin","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01860-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01860-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the pressing issue of tetracycline (TC) and methylene blue (MB) contamination in water, most prior research on cotton stalk-based biochar has concentrated on optimizing process parameters (e.g., carbonization temperature and activator ratio), with less systematic investigation into regulating the material’s surface chemistry via heteroatom doping. In this study, nitrogen-doped biochars (NKBC-10, NKBC-5, and NKBC-1) with different melamine/KOH/cotton straw mass ratios (1:10:10, 1:5:5, and 1:1:1) were prepared by co-pyrolysis using cotton straw as the raw material and melamine as the nitrogen source, and the synergistic mechanism of N doping on the structural properties and adsorption performance of the materials was systematically elucidated. The results indicated that NKBC-5 possessed an excellent microporous-mesoporous structure (average pore size of 2.006 nm) and abundant surface nitrogen-containing functional groups, achieving maximum adsorption capacities of 1328.636 mg/g for TC and 917.170 mg/g for MB at 308.15 K. The adsorption process aligned with the quasi-secondary kinetics and Langmuir monolayer adsorption models. The mechanism involved a synergistic mix of Lewis acid-base interactions, π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions. The regeneration experiments revealed that the adsorption capacity of NKBC-5 for TC and MB remained 91.26% and 93.54% of the initial time after four cycles of recycling, indicating good stability. This study employs an N-doping strategy to synergistically optimize the pore structure and surface chemistry of cotton stalk-based biochar, offering a novel material design concept and technical foundation for the efficient and sustainable remediation of water contaminated with dyes and antibiotics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13065-026-01860-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148222339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel β-keto ether-triazole hybrids as dual antimicrobial and anticancer agents","authors":"Bakr F. Abdel-Wahab,&nbsp;Mahmoud H. Hendy,&nbsp;James C. Fettinger,&nbsp;Abdelbasset A. Farahat,&nbsp;Ahmed F. Mabied","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01797-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01797-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing need for multifunctional agents to overcome antibiotic resistance and infection-related complications in immunocompromised cancer patients necessitates the development of dual-action therapeutics. Herein, a series of β-keto ether–triazole hybrids incorporating a 5-methyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazole moiety were synthesized via a one-step protocol and characterized by IR, NMR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic and Hirshfeld surface analyses revealed well-defined geometries stabilized by C–H···O and O–H···O interactions. DFT calculations showed excellent agreement with experimental structures (RMSD &lt; 0.04 Å) and HOMO–LUMO energy gaps of 3.04–3.50 eV. MEP analysis indicated localized electrophilic regions in compound 3 and greater charge delocalization in compound 9. Biologically, compound 3 displayed potent antibiofilm activity, achieving 97% inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, while compound 9 showed moderate yet selective cytotoxicity toward hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) (IC₅₀ = 63.28 µg/mL) with low toxicity to normal Wi38 cells. ADME profiling correlated solubility with antimicrobial activity and lipophilicity with cytotoxic effects, revealing that the high solubility of compound 3 favours antibacterial activity, while the greater lipophilicity and metabolic stability of compound 9 support its anticancer profile. These findings highlight β-keto ether–triazole hybrids as promising scaffolds for dual antimicrobial and anticancer applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13065-026-01797-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148222424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid-phase protection of carbon steel by lauramidopropyl amine oxide: evidenced by ICP-AES, electrochemical methods, severe-condition testing, and atomistic modeling","authors":"A. Modrek,&nbsp;Mostafa E. Salem,&nbsp;Mostafa A. A. Mahmoud,&nbsp;Ahmed Z. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Sherin A. M. Ali,&nbsp;Mohamed Abdel-Megid,&nbsp;Mokhtar Al-Abyadh,&nbsp;Ghada G. El-Bana","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01861-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01861-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The corrosion-inhibition performance of commercial lauramidopropyl amine oxide (LAO) toward carbon steel in 0.5 M HCl was evaluated through a combined experimental and computational workflow. Dissolved metal release was quantified by ICP-AES, while potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear polarization resistance (LPR) were used to probe the interfacial electrochemical response at 293 K. LAO suppressed steel dissolution in a concentration-dependent manner. Based on ICP-AES, the inhibition efficiency increased from 76.5% at 50 ppm to 85.5% at 600 ppm. Electrochemical methods showed the same trend, and at 1200 ppm the inhibition efficiency reached 95.0%, 97.6%, and 97.5% according to PDP, EIS, and LPR, respectively. The small displacement in corrosion potential indicates mixed-type inhibition, whereas the marked increase in charge-transfer resistance and the decrease in double-layer capacitance support the formation of an adsorbed protective layer. Adsorption analysis was consistent with Langmuir-type behavior after converting the inhibitor concentration to molar active-LAO units and afforded ΔG°_ads ≈ − 37.9 kJ mol^− 1, indicating spontaneous and strong interfacial affinity, while the non-unity Langmuir slope indicates non-ideal adsorption. Temperature-dependent ICP-AES measurements between 293 and 333 K showed increasing corrosion rate with increasing temperature, but retained measurable inhibition at 150 ppm. In contrast, under severe gas-pressurized rotating-vessel conditions at 150 °C, 150 ppm LAO delivered only 27.9% inhibition, demonstrating that room-temperature efficacy does not translate directly to harsh service. To rationalize the adsorption tendency, density functional theory (B3LYP/6–31 + G(d, p)) and Monte Carlo simulations on Fe (110) were performed. The calculated descriptors (EHOMO = − 8.12 eV, ELUMO = − 2.72 eV, ΔE = 5.40 eV, dipole moment = 5.1 D) support favorable interfacial reactivity, while the Monte Carlo adsorption energy (− 175.27 kcal mol − 1) indicates strong adsorption on an idealized iron surface. Taken together, the data identify LAO as an efficient ambient-condition acid inhibitor for carbon steel, while also defining its limitations under high-temperature rotating-vessel conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13065-026-01861-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148215678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and bioanalytical validation of a high-sensitivity LC-MS/MS assay for quantitative determination of sotagliflozin in rabbit plasma and its stability across controlled storage conditions","authors":"Smit Jayantilal Patel,&nbsp;Hiralben Mehta,&nbsp;Basheer Ahmmad Shaik,&nbsp;Nadeem Khan","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01839-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01839-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sotagliflozin is a dual SGLT-1 and SGLT-2 inhibitor approved by the FDA in 2023 which has emerged as a novel therapeutic agent for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study robust and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for quantification of sotagliflozin in rabbit plasma as rabbit is commonly used non-rodent model for preclinical research. Sample preparation involved protein precipitation for efficient analyte extraction from rabbit plasma. Chromatographic separation was performed utilizing on BDS Hypersil C18 column (100 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using mobile phase composed of methanol (85%) and 5 mM ammonium acetate in milli-Q water (15%) and rolipram as internal standard. The method employed flow rate of 0.7 mL/min with a total runtime of 4 min and an injection volume of 10 µL. Method validation was carried out in accordance with ICH M10 guidelines, covering precision, accuracy, selectivity, recovery, and stability at different storage conditions. The method was found to be linear over the concentration range of 10-1280 ng/mL with sensitivity of 10.20 ng/mL (LLOQ) in rabbit plasma. Recovery of analyte from the rabbit plasma was found to be &gt; 92% with stability &gt; 99% at different storage conditions (viz., room temperature, autosampler, freeze-thaw and frozen). Overall, the developed LC-MS/MS method offers a simple, precise and reproducible approach for the quantification of sotagliflozin in rabbit plasma and is well-suited for application in pharmacokinetic and other preclinical studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13065-026-01839-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148194267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt-saturated supramolecular solvent-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the efficient enrichment and determination of resveratrol in water and grape juice","authors":"Zahra Bagheri,&nbsp;Sayyed Hossein Hashemi,&nbsp;Ahmad Jamali Keikha,&nbsp;Massoud Kaykhaii","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01859-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01859-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>A salt-saturated supramolecular solvent–assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (SUPRAS-SS-DLLME) method was developed for the efficient enrichment and spectrophotometric determination of resveratrol in water samples, and grape juice. The extraction strategy is based on the self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules into supramolecular solvent architectures, whose extraction capability is significantly enhanced by a salt-induced reduction of analyte solubility in the aqueous phase.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A mixture of NaCl, Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, and KNO₃ was employed to achieve salt saturation, resulting in an average enhancement of extraction efficiency of approximately 30% compared to salt-free conditions. Key experimental parameters affecting the extraction process, including pH, extraction solvent volume, and disperser solvent volume, were systematically optimized using response surface methodology. Under optimal conditions, the method exhibited a linear response in the concentration range of 10–5000 µg/L with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9962. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 1.6 and 5.3 µg/L, respectively, with an enrichment factor of 124. The method demonstrated good precision (RSD &lt; 4.4%) and excellent recoveries (97.3–99.9%).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The proposed SUPRAS-SS-DLLME method requires low solvent volumes, short extraction time (&lt; 10 min), and competitive LOD for spectrophotometric detection, in accordance with green analytical chemistry principles. The method was successfully applied to the determination of resveratrol in tap water, wastewater, and red and green grape juice samples, demonstrating its reliability and potential for routine analysis of bioactive compounds in complex matrices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13065-026-01859-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}