BMC Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"A novel green QbD-optimized RP-HPLC bioanalytical method for the simultaneous determination of doxorubicin and rifampicin in human plasma","authors":"Galal Magdy,&nbsp;Shaimaa Ebrahim,&nbsp;Fathalla Belal,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Abdel-Megied","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01809-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01809-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) remains a cornerstone in the treatment of numerous malignancies. Recent research has focused on improving the efficacy of chemotherapeutic regimens through synergistic combinations. Rifampicin (RFP), in addition to its well-known antimicrobial properties, exhibits chemosensitizing potential, making it a promising adjuvant to DOX therapy. In this study, a robust and eco-friendly HPLC method was developed and optimized for the simultaneous determination of DOX and RFP. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) at 25 °C, using an isocratic mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (0.02 M, pH 5.43) in a 34.85:65.15 (v/v) ratio, with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and UV detection at 254 nm. The method was systematically optimized using a Quality-by-Design (QbD) approach with a full factorial design to assess the influence of key variables on chromatographic performance. The optimized chromatographic separation was achieved within 7 min, with retention times (Rts) of 3.26 min of DOX and 6.62 min for RFP. Excellent linearity was obtained over the ranges of 1.0–40.0 µg/mL for DOX and 1.0–30.0 µg/mL for RFP, with high determination coefficients (r² ≥ 0.999) and lower detection limits of 0.44 µg/mL and 0.39 µg/mL and quantitation limits of 1.35 µg/mL and 1.18 µg/mL, respectively. Greenness evaluation using the Analytical Greenness (AGREE) and Analytical Green Star Area (AGSA) metrics confirmed the method’s high environmental sustainability. When applied to spiked human plasma samples, recovery values ranged from 92.38% to 107.20% with low %RSD, demonstrating strong accuracy, precision, and bioanalytical applicability. Overall, the developed method represents the first simple, sensitive, and environmentally benign analytical approach for the simultaneous quantification of doxorubicin HCl and rifampicin in biological matrices, making it highly suitable for routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in clinical and pharmacokinetic studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13065-026-01809-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A light-response bilayer actuator for light-controlled capsule system","authors":"Taoli Deng,&nbsp;Hao Luo,&nbsp;Jin Jiaxing,&nbsp;Xianzhong Wang,&nbsp;Chen Jun,&nbsp;Ren Zhenhua,&nbsp;Chen Yonghe,&nbsp;Long Deng,&nbsp;Weiyong Tian,&nbsp;Zan Ding","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01822-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01822-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microrobotics technology shows great potential in the field of minimally invasive medicine but still faces key challenges regarding motion control, safety, and cost. Hence, a near-infrared light-response bilayer actuator is designed in this work. The light-driving mechanism and its application in the light-controlled drug release capsule system is deeply explored by taking the double-layer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-carbon nanotube (CNT)/polyethylene (PE)-graphene oxide (GO) (PVA-CNT/PE-GO) composite films as the core actuating material. Due to the significant mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients between PVA and PE, the film achieves large bending deformation with a rapid response under NIR irradiation, demonstrating excellent actuation performance. Furthermore, the effects of CNT concentration gradients and PVA-CNT layer thickness on the performance of the flexible films are analyzed to ensure superior stability and fatigue resistance. Additionally, based on COMSOL finite element simulations, a “light-thermal-mechanical” energy conversion model is proposed to validate the thermal response and actuation mechanism of the composite films. Ultimately, based on the light-response bilayer actuator, a light-controlled capsule is designed to demonstrate the photothermal actuation and on-demand opening, providing a design strategy for light-response actuators with potential for further biomedical exploration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13065-026-01822-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative adsorptive remediation of MoS₂-QDs from wastewater by decorated hierarchical mesoporous calcite@chitosan hydrogel@graphene oxide nanocomposite","authors":"Mohamed E. Mahmoud,&nbsp;Mohamed F. Amira,&nbsp;Enass A. I. Saleh,&nbsp;Hany Abdel-Aal","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01811-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01811-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS₂-QDs) are widely used in energy, catalysis, and biomedical applications. However, their uncontrolled release into the environment can pose ecotoxicological risks, highlighting the urgent need for effective removal and treatment strategies. Therefore, the present study is focused on the design and development of an innovative nanocomposite, consisting of hierarchical mesoporous calcite (HMC) embedded within a chitosan hydrogel (CH) and reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets (HMC@CH@GO). This multifunctional system is introduced for the first time as an efficient composite for removal and recovery of MoS₂-QDs from contaminated aquatic environments. Comprehensive structural and morphological characterizations confirmed the successful formation of a mesoporous nanocomposite featuring an average pore size of 15.2 nm. Adsorption studies showed that optimal MoS₂-QD removal occurred at pH 4, with a maximum adsorption capacity at 21 mg/g using a dosage of 20 mg and 100 mg/L initial concentration. The adsorption equilibrium was rapidly reached within 30 min, while the kinetic data were best fitted to the pseudo-second-order model, showing a high correlation coefficient (R² = 0.999 at 50 mg/L). Isotherm modeling showed the best fit with both the Freundlich (R² = 0.992) and Langmuir (R² = 0.984) models. The combined isotherm and kinetic results confirm that the process is primarily driven by physisorption, complemented by a chemisorption component. Thermodynamic analysis verified endothermic and spontaneous reaction achieving ΔH° values as 11.43 kJ/mol (50 mg/L) and 13.12 kJ/mol (100 mg/L), besides the ΔG° values were turned into more negative with increasing temperature. In practical applications, the HMC@CH@GO nanocomposite achieved removal efficiencies up to 84.0% from tap water, 73.0% from seawater, and 64.0% from industrial wastewater. Also, HMC@CH@GO was identified to retain a reasonable performance after four regeneration cycles, exhibiting a sustainable and efficient adsorbent for MoS₂-QDs remediation from contaminated aquatic environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13065-026-01811-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation-synthesized PVP-CMC/CNT biodegradable hydrogels for efficient dye removal","authors":"Hager Y. Ali,&nbsp;Ghada A. Mahmoud,&nbsp;Azza Aly Aly Abouhussein,&nbsp;Maysara E. Aboulfotouh,&nbsp;Maha R. Mohamed","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01795-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01795-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Methyl orange (MO) is classified as a recalcitrant and refractory xenobiotic, posing a significant threat to ecosystems due to its high toxicity and persistence. This highlights the urgent need for effective waste management. Biodegradable PVP-CMC hydrogel and PVP-CMC/CNT nanocomposite hydrogel were synthesized by copolymerization of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) via green gamma irradiation at 30 kGy, and 70:30 PVP: CMC, followed by incorporation of CNTs into the polymer matrix to prepare PVP-CMC/CNT. The biodegradation rates of the hydrogel and nanocomposite hydrogel are evaluated by quantifying weight loss in soil over 16 weeks. The biodegradation rates were 87 and 54.8% for the hydrogel and nanocomposite hydrogel, respectively. TGA shows that incorporating CNTs increases thermal stability and reduces overall PVP-CMC hydrogel breakdown by 30%. BET surface area increased to 5.653 m²/g upon CNT incorporation. The highest removal % was 82.5 and 94.7% at pH = 4, with pHpzc values of 7.9 and 8 for the hydrogel and the nanocomposite hydrogel, respectively. The PVP-CMC/CNT nanocomposite hydrogel achieved a maximum adsorption capacity (q_max) of 216 mg/g, demonstrating competitive performance compared to reported biopolymer-based adsorbents (typically 10–294 mg/g). Kinetic tests showed that the pseudo-second-order model best fit the adsorption process for the hydrogel and nanocomposite hydrogel, with R² values of 0.98, confirming chemisorption as the rate-limiting step. These findings demonstrate the development of a sustainable hydrogel for water purification.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13065-026-01795-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of immobilized hybrid biocomposite from natural waste for dye sequestration: a kinetic and isothermal approach","authors":"Zubia Sajid,&nbsp;Rabia Shaheen,&nbsp;Marrij Afraz,&nbsp;Shahid Mehmood,&nbsp;Koyachew Bitew Abebe,&nbsp;Mohamed Abu Shuheil","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01817-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01817-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the development of a low-cost and sustainable immobilized hybrid biocomposite for the removal of Drimarine Black CL-B (DB CL-B) dye from aqueous solutions. The biocomposite was synthesized using waste-derived granite powder (G) and <i>Syzygium cumini</i> leaf biomass (S), immobilized within a sodium alginate beads matrix (NAB) to obtain GS@NAB biocomposite. The biocomposite was characterized using SEM and FTIR techniques, confirming the surface morphology favorable for adsorption and successful incorporation of functional groups. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the removal efficiency under optimum conditions. The parameters such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH, and temperature were optimized to conduct the adsorption experiments. The results showed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. Equilibrium studies revealed that the adsorption data were best described by the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface. Among htree parameter isotherms, Vieth-Sladek offers best fit (R² = 0.999). While Langmuir describes the dominant adsorption behavior, Vieth–Sladek provides supplementary evidence that the GS@NAB surface contains structurally diverse domains arising from the combined mineral, biomass, and polymeric components. Overall, the developed GS@NAB biocomposite demonstrated effective dye removal performance up to six cycles and offers a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative for wastewater treatment applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13065-026-01817-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of experiments and bioanalytical LC–MS/MS method for analysis of melatonin and tasimelteon in rat brain homogenate with whiteness assessment","authors":"Serkan Levent,&nbsp;Abeer Elriş,&nbsp;Hazal Avcı,&nbsp;Saniye Özcan,&nbsp;Nafiz Öncü Can","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01808-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01808-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sleep disorders include a range of common problems that affect the quality of sleep at night and, as a result, impact an individual’s daily functioning. Treatment protocols vary from over-the-counter products to regulated pharmaceuticals. Melatonin and Tasimelteon are two compounds utilized for severe to moderate sleeping disorders. This study developed and validated a sensitive, simple bioanalytical LC–MS/MS method for the measurement of Melatonin and Tasimelteon in spiked rat brain tissue. Chromatographic analyses were conducted in isocratic mode, with Citalopram selected as an appropriate internal standard. The Supelco Ascentis® Express Phenyl-Hexyl column was used for the stationary phase, and the mobile phase comprised 0.2% formic acid in a mixture of acetonitrile and water (65:35, <i>v/v</i>). A response surface methodology is applied. The Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the influence of three independent factors (acetonitrile%, formic acid%, and flow rate (mL/min)) on the response. The study focused on finding the most significant factors influencing chromatographic separation, namely the resolution between Tasimelteon and Melatonin, as well as the tailing factors of both. Statistical analysis of variance provided the optimal conditions for separating the substances as well as the most influential factors. Validation of the analytical method was conducted in accordance with the International Council for Harmonization guideline M10 related to bioanalytical method validation. The method validated was precise and linear in 55.00–1650 (ng/mL) and 20–600 (ng/mL) for the Melatonin and Tasimelteon, respectively. The validated method’s lower limit of quantification values was 55 and 20 ng/mL for Melatonin and Tasimelteon, respectively. For Melatonin, intraday accuracy (recovery, %) ranged from 96.53% to 102.68%, and precision (expressed as relative standard deviation) ranged from 0.26% to 0.96%. And inter-day accuracy ranged from 96.58% to 103.08%, and inter-day precision ranged from 0.33% to 3.55%. Intraday accuracy results for Tasimelteon 99.61%-103. 75% precision results were in the range 0.23%–0.93%; additionally, inter-day accuracy was 99.37–103.87%, and the precision range was 1.04–2.11%. The total run time was 3 min, with retention time for Melatonin and Tasimelteon at 1.9 and 2.5 min, respectively, achieving effective chromatographic separation under optimum conditions. The Red Green Blue 12 score for whiteness was determined to be 79.2%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13065-026-01808-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D self-supporting PANI/CNT/CC composite cathode coupled with CNF/PAM dual network gel electrolyte for high specific capacity flexible zinc-ion battery","authors":"Jiayi Li,&nbsp;Cong Wang,&nbsp;Kangkang Zhao,&nbsp;Sabeen Fatima,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Zheng,&nbsp;Yu Sun,&nbsp;Muyang Li,&nbsp;Nan Han,&nbsp;Lei Han,&nbsp;Yafei Ning,&nbsp;Raffaello Papadakis,&nbsp;Klaus Leifer,&nbsp;Safia Khan,&nbsp;Hu Li","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01819-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01819-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, PANI/CNT/CC composite is developed as a positive electrode for flexible zinc-ion battery (ZIB) with the high specific capacity. Assembled flexible batteries are subjected to electrochemical testing. A double grid structure constructed by CNT modification of polyaniline nanofiber network on carbon cloth and CNF modification of PAM gel further improved its flexibility and bending ability. The optimized battery exhibits a high specific capacity of 210 mA hg⁻¹ at a current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹, i.e., a marked improvement in rate performance and bending stability. Following 800 charge and discharge cycles at a current density of 2 A g⁻¹, the battery demonstrates an impressive capacity retention rate of approximately 90.6% along with a notable average coulombic efficiency of 98.7%, underscoring its remarkable strength and stability. The PANI/CNT/CC|CNF/PAM|Zn battery can power the device when it is bent or even folded. Such enhanced electrochemical performance of optimized ZIB is originated from synergistic coupling between the 3D cathode and CNF/PAM dual-network hydrogel electrolyte, which simultaneously facilitates electron transport, Zn²⁺ ion diffusion, and interfacial stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13065-026-01819-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a novel LC-MS/MS method for concurrent determination of imipenem, relebactam, and cilastatin in human serum, urine and peritoneal drainage fluid","authors":"Xiaoyu Yang,&nbsp;Chaoyue Zhao,&nbsp;Yiwen Ding,&nbsp;Yining Li,&nbsp;Yushang Zhao,&nbsp;Wanling Lin,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Dong Wang,&nbsp;Zhihong Yue,&nbsp;Lin Pei,&nbsp;Mei Jia,&nbsp;Lin-Lin Cao,&nbsp;Hui Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01791-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01791-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a major challenge in clinical treatment. ‘Imipenem, Cilastatin Sodium and Relebactam for Injection’ is a critical therapeutic agent for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, it is associated with gastrointestinal adverse reactions, necessitating therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for precise dosing. Currently, there is no method for simultaneously detecting the concentrations of all three components in ‘Imipenem, Cilastatin Sodium and Relebactam for Injection’. Therefore, this study established an analytical method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous quantification of imipenem, relebactam, and cilastatin in serum, urine, and peritoneal drainage fluid (PD). After protein precipitation, samples were separated using a CORTECS^® HILIC column with 5 mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution-acetonitrile as the mobile phase for gradient elution, detected in positive electrospray ionization (ESI+) mode. This LC-MS/MS method showed excellent linearity (R² &gt; 0.99) for all three drugs, and the linearity ranges had well met the clinical requirements. The limits of quantification (LOQ) were 40 ng/mL (serum/ PD) and 80 ng/mL (urine), and the carryover contamination rate was &lt; 0.1%. All intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation (CVs) were &lt; 15%, the recovery rates ranged from 89.7% to 103.2%, and the matrix effects were acceptable (87.7%–110.8%). In conclusion, this LC-MS/MS method is simple to operate, exhibits high sensitivity and accuracy, and meets the requirements for the TDM of ‘Imipenem, Cilastatin Sodium and Relebactam for Injection’, providing support for individualized treatment and reducing the risk of adverse reactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13065-026-01791-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective removal of calcium, lead, zinc and magnesium from evaporative crystallization mother liquor of high-ammonium and high-salinity wastewater from rare earth smelting","authors":"Jisen Huang,&nbsp;Bin Zeng,&nbsp;Xiangrong Zeng,&nbsp;Zekai Wang,&nbsp;Wanfu Huang,&nbsp;Lijinhong Huang","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01807-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01807-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The selective precipitation method was adopted to remove Ca(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Mg(II) from the evaporative crystallization mother liquor of ammonia-containing high-salinity wastewater from rare earth smelting (containing Ca(II) 18.80 g/L, Pb(II) 0.12 g/L, Zn(II) 2.34 g/L, Mg(II) 22.85 g/L, Cl⁻ 186.51 g/L). Firstly, the predominant areas and component distribution of the systems including [Ca²⁺–SO₄²⁻–NH₄⁺–H₂O], [Pb²⁺–Zn²⁺–S²⁻–NH₄⁺–H₂O], [Ca²⁺–CO₃²⁻–NH₄⁺–H₂O], [Mg²⁺–PO₄³⁻–NH₄⁺–H₂O] were analyzed, and the boundary conditions for the highly selective stepwise removal of Ca(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Mg(II) were determined. On the basis of relevant reaction thermodynamics theories, a stepwise removal strategy was formulated as follows: preliminary calcium removal at pH 5.0 with the dosage of (NH₄)₂SO₄ being 0.6 times the theoretical dosage-synchronous removal of Pb(II) and Zn(II) at pH 8.0 with the dosage of (NH₄)₂S being 1.0 time the theoretical dosage-deep Ca(II) removal at pH 8.0 with the dosage of NH₄HCO₃ being 0.4 times the theoretical dosage-deep Mg(II) removal at pH 7.0 with the dosage of (NH₄)₂HPO₄ being 1.0 time the theoretical dosage. The experimental results demonstrate that the removal efficiencies of Ca(II), Pb(II), Zn(II) and Mg(II) reach 99.98%, 100%, 99.98% and 99.99%, respectively, and the main precipitates obtained sequentially are CaSO₄·2H₂O, ZnS and PbS, CaCO₃, MgNH₄PO₄. After the selective removal of Ca(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Mg(II),the final filtrate contains Ca(II) 1.21 mg/L, Pb(II) 0 mg/L, Zn(II) 0.28 mg/L, Mg(II) 2.19 mg/L, which can be processed to produce NH₄Cl products via secondary evaporative crystallization. This study provides a novel approach for the resource utilization of the evaporative crystallization mother liquor of ammonia-containing high-salinity wastewater from rare earth smelting.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13065-026-01807-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rutin extraction from Tartary buckwheat and extraction mechanisms using surface-active ionic liquids with different cations and anions","authors":"Dawei Zhen,&nbsp;Yanyan Jiao,&nbsp;Fengmao Liu,&nbsp;Xiaohui Liu,&nbsp;Qingrong Peng","doi":"10.1186/s13065-026-01804-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-026-01804-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) are a new class of ILs that can enable green extraction processes. This study examined the extraction effect of nine SAILs in ultrasonic extraction of rutin from Tartary buckwheat flour. They were composed of different amino acid or fatty acid anions and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium ([C₈mim]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([C₂mim]), or cholinium cations ([Cho]), exhibiting diverse hydrophobicity (log <i>P</i>), pH, and critical micelle concentration (CMC) values. The main extraction conditions used were: SAIL concentration 100 mM, solid-liquid ratio 1:30 (g/mL), temperature 50 °C, and extraction duration 45 min. Among them, cholinium myristate ([Cho][Myr]) exhibited the highest extraction efficiency about 14 mg/g, comparable to that using 80% aqueous methanol. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis showed strong correlations between extraction efficiency and log <i>P</i>, CMC and pH of the SAILs, and their medium values yielding the best extraction performance of [Cho][Myr]. TEM and SEM measurements confirmed micellar extraction was enabled by the SAILs. HPLC analysis demonstrated enhanced rutin solubility in SAIL micellar solutions. UV–Vis and ¹H NMR analyses indicated that rutin was solubilized in outer cores of SAIL micelles, due to electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions between rutin phenolic –OH groups and SAIL imidazolium or cholinium cations as well as amino or carboxyl groups of anions. Chemical calculations showed that [Myr]-rutin had a lower binding energy (− 52.54 kJ/mol) than [C₈mim]-rutin (− 39.33 kJ/mol), which may be a reason for the better extractability of the fatty acid-based SAILs than amino acid-based SAILs. This work can provide guidance for efficient and green extraction of rutin from natural products and how to select and optimize SAIL structures for such applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13065-026-01804-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}