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Tracers and Imaging of Fatty Acid and Energy Metabolism of Human Adipose Tissues. 人体脂肪组织脂肪酸和能量代谢的示踪剂和成像。
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00012.2023
André C Carpentier
{"title":"Tracers and Imaging of Fatty Acid and Energy Metabolism of Human Adipose Tissues.","authors":"André C Carpentier","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00012.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00012.2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>White adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT) regulate fatty acid metabolism and control lipid fluxes to other organs. Dysfunction of these key metabolic processes contributes to organ insulin resistance and inflammation leading to chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, and cardiovascular diseases. Metabolic tracers combined with molecular imaging methods are powerful tools for the investigation of these pathogenic mechanisms. Herein, I review some of the positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging methods combined with stable isotopic metabolic tracers to investigate fatty acid and energy metabolism, focusing on human WAT and BAT metabolism. I will discuss the complementary strengths offered by these methods for human investigations and current gaps in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11283904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138799435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Elusive Hypertrophy of the Python Heart. 难以捉摸的蟒蛇心脏肥大。
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00025.2023
Bjarke Jensen, Tobias Wang
{"title":"The Elusive Hypertrophy of the Python Heart.","authors":"Bjarke Jensen, Tobias Wang","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00025.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00025.2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Burmese python, one of the world's largest snakes, has reached celebrity status for its dramatic physiological responses associated with digestion of enormous meals. The meals elicit a rapid gain of mass and function of most visceral organs, particularly the small intestine. There is also a manyfold elevation of oxygen consumption that demands the heart to deliver more oxygen. It therefore made intuitive sense when it was reported that the postprandial response entailed a 40% growth of heart mass that could accommodate a rise in stroke volume. Many studies, however, have not been able to reproduce the 40% growth of the heart. We collated published values on postprandial heart mass in pythons, which include several instances of no change in heart mass. On average, the heart mass is only 15% greater. The changes in heart mass did not correlate to the mass gain of the small intestine or peak oxygen consumption. Hemodynamic studies show that the rise in cardiac output does not require increased heart mass but can be fully explained by augmented cardiac filling and postprandial tachycardia. Under the assumption that hypertrophy is a contingent phenomenon, more recent experiments have employed two interventions such as feeding with a concomitant reduction in hematocrit. The results suggest that the postprandial response of the heart can be enhanced, but the 40% hypertrophy of the python heart remains elusive.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138798294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Membrane Dynamics and Cation Handling in Ferroptosis. 铁突变过程中的膜动力学和阳离子处理
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00029.2023
Yusuke Hirata, Eikan Mishima
{"title":"Membrane Dynamics and Cation Handling in Ferroptosis.","authors":"Yusuke Hirata, Eikan Mishima","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00029.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00029.2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferroptosis, a regulated cell death hallmarked by excessive lipid peroxidation, is implicated in various (patho)physiological contexts. During ferroptosis, lipid peroxidation leads to a diverse change in membrane properties and the dysregulation of ion homeostasis via the cation channels, ultimately resulting in plasma membrane rupture. This review illuminates cellular membrane dynamics and cation handling in ferroptosis regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"73-87"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11283900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139404993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Physiology in Perspective. 透视生理学
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00002.2024
Nikki Forrester
{"title":"Physiology in Perspective.","authors":"Nikki Forrester","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00002.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00002.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":"39 2","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139543304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microglia in Central Control of Metabolism. 中枢控制代谢的小胶质细胞。
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00021.2023
Jung Dae Kim, Francesca Copperi, Sabrina Diano
{"title":"Microglia in Central Control of Metabolism.","authors":"Jung Dae Kim, Francesca Copperi, Sabrina Diano","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00021.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00021.2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beyond their role as brain immune cells, microglia act as metabolic sensors in response to changes in nutrient availability, thus playing a role in energy homeostasis. This review highlights the evidence and challenges of studying the role of microglia in metabolism regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11283896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92157089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Physiology in Perspective. 透视生理学。
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00027.2023
Christopher England
{"title":"Physiology in Perspective.","authors":"Christopher England","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00027.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00027.2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":"39 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Endothelium-Derived Dopamine and 6-Nitrodopamine in the Cardiovascular System. 内皮源性多巴胺和6-硝基多巴胺在心血管系统中的作用。
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00020.2023
Roberto Zatz, Gilberto De Nucci
{"title":"Endothelium-Derived Dopamine and 6-Nitrodopamine in the Cardiovascular System.","authors":"Roberto Zatz, Gilberto De Nucci","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00020.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00020.2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The review deals with the release of endothelium-derived dopamine and 6-nitrodopamine (6-ND) and its effects on isolated vascular tissues and isolated hearts. Basal release of both dopamine and 6-ND is present in human isolated umbilical cord vessels, human popliteal vessels, nonhuman primate vessels, and reptilia aortas. The 6-ND basal release was significantly reduced when the tissues were treated with <i>N</i><sup>ω</sup>-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and virtually abolished when the endothelium was mechanically removed. 6-Nitrodopamine is a potent vasodilator, and the mechanism of action responsible for this effect is the antagonism of dopamine D<sub>2</sub>-like receptors. As a vasodilator, 6-ND constitutes a novel mechanism by which nitric oxide modulates vascular tone. The basal release of 6-ND was substantially decreased in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOS<sup>-/-</sup>) mice and not altered in neuronal nitric oxide synthase knockout (nNOS<sup>-/-</sup>) mice, indicating a nonneurogenic source for 6-ND in the heart. Indeed, in rat isolated right atrium, the release of 6-ND was not affected when the atria were treated with tetrodotoxin. In the rat isolated right atrium, 6-ND is the most potent endogenous positive chronotropic agent, and in Langendorff's heart preparation, it is the most potent endogenous positive inotropic agent. The positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of 6-ND are antagonized by β<sub>1</sub>-adrenoceptor antagonists at concentrations that do not affect the effects induced by noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine, indicating that blockade of the 6-ND receptor is the major modulator of heart chronotropism and inotropism. The review proposes that endothelium-derived catecholamines may constitute a major mechanism for control of vascular tone and heart functions, in contrast to the overrated role attributed to the autonomic nervous system.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"44-59"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11283902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50159157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Physiological Functions of the Ubiquitin Ligases Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2. 泛素连接酶nedd4-1和nedd4-2的生理功能。
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00023.2023
Daniela Rotin, Gali Prag
{"title":"Physiological Functions of the Ubiquitin Ligases Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2.","authors":"Daniela Rotin, Gali Prag","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00023.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00023.2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Nedd4 family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, consisting of a C2-WW(n)-HECT domain architecture, includes the closely related Nedd4/Nedd4-1 and Nedd4L/Nedd4-2, which play critical roles in human physiology and pathophysiology.This review focuses on the regulation of enzymatic activity of these Nedd4 proteins, as well as on their roles in regulating stability and function of membrane and other signaling proteins, such as ion channels, ion transporters, and growth factor receptors. The diseases caused by impairment of such regulation are discussed, as well as opportunities and challenges for targeting these enzymes for therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"18-29"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92157090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reflecting Back, Looking Ahead. 回顾过去，展望未来。
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00026.2023
Willis Rick Samson, Dee Silverthorn, Timothy Musch
{"title":"Reflecting Back, Looking Ahead.","authors":"Willis Rick Samson, Dee Silverthorn, Timothy Musch","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00026.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00026.2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"2-3"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138177710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
All Light, Everywhere? Photoreceptors at Nonconventional Sites. 到处都是光吗？非常规部位的光受体。
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00017.2023
Audrey Mat, Hong Ha Vu, Eva Wolf, Kristin Tessmar-Raible
{"title":"All Light, Everywhere? Photoreceptors at Nonconventional Sites.","authors":"Audrey Mat, Hong Ha Vu, Eva Wolf, Kristin Tessmar-Raible","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00017.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00017.2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the biggest environmental alterations we have made to our species is the change in the exposure to light. During the day, we typically sit behind glass windows illuminated by artificial light that is >400 times dimmer and has a very different spectrum than natural daylight. On the opposite end are the nights that are now lit up by several orders of magnitude. This review aims to provide food for thought as to why this matters for humans and other animals. Evidence from behavioral neuroscience, physiology, chronobiology, and molecular biology is increasingly converging on the conclusions that the biological nonvisual functions of light and photosensory molecules are highly complex. The initial work of von Frisch on extraocular photoreceptors in fish, the identification of rhodopsins as the molecular light receptors in animal eyes and eye-like structures and cryptochromes as light sensors in nonmammalian chronobiology, still allowed for the impression that light reception would be a relatively restricted, localized sense in most animals. However, light-sensitive processes and/or sensory proteins have now been localized to many different cell types and tissues. It might be necessary to consider nonlight-responding cells as the exception, rather than the rule.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11283901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71415019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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