IF 5.3 2区医学

Physiology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00041.2024

Yuuta Imoto, Shigeki Watanabe

引用次数: 0

Undernutrition-Associated Diabetes Mellitus: Pathophysiology of a Global Problem. 营养不良相关的糖尿病：一个全球性问题的病理生理学。

IF 5.3 2区医学

Physiology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00065.2024

Pradnyashree Wadivkar, Nihal Thomas, Felix Jebasingh, Valjean Raiden Bacot-Davis, Rohan Maini, Meredith Hawkins

{"title":"Undernutrition-Associated Diabetes Mellitus: Pathophysiology of a Global Problem.","authors":"Pradnyashree Wadivkar, Nihal Thomas, Felix Jebasingh, Valjean Raiden Bacot-Davis, Rohan Maini, Meredith Hawkins","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00065.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00065.2024","url":null,"abstract":"Early-life undernutrition is known to be a potentially important risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus in adult life. Additionally, some literature suggests that undernutrition during later life or adulthood may lead to metabolic consequences, including diabetes, despite an individual's normal nutritional status earlier in life. Notably, individuals with diabetes and undernutrition show some unique features that do not fit the usual phenotype of type 2 diabetes mellitus, such as a low body mass index of <18.5 kg/m2, resistance to ketosis, and low serum C-peptide levels. Many global descriptions of this unique phenotype have led to a controversy that \"undernutrition-associated diabetes mellitus\" is a distinct form of diabetes, deserving a separate diabetes category in the WHO classification of diabetes. However, a few investigators argue that undernutrition-associated diabetes mellitus is one of the variants of the classical forms of diabetes. The second controversy is whether adult undernutrition is independently associated with metabolic abnormalities. Its pathophysiology has been difficult to determine, given confounding factors such as infections that can complicate the direct effects of malnutrition. Studies have shown that insulin deficiency due to pancreatic β-cell impairment is likely to contribute to the development of undernutrition-associated diabetes. To examine these controversies, further research is warranted to understand the role of undernutrition in the pathogenesis of undernutrition-associated diabetes. This review aims to shed more light on these controversies, focusing on whether diabetes in malnourished individuals represents a distinct diabetes category and the association between malnutrition and diabetes in adults.","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Utilizing Omic Data to Understand Integrative Physiology. 利用组学数据理解综合生理学。

IF 5.3 2区医学

Physiology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00045.2024

Mark A Knepper

{"title":"Utilizing Omic Data to Understand Integrative Physiology.","authors":"Mark A Knepper","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00045.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00045.2024","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past several decades, physiological research has undergone a progressive shift toward greater and greater reductionism, culminating in the rise of \"molecular physiology.\" The introduction of omic techniques, chiefly protein mass spectrometry and next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS), has further accelerated this trend, adding massive amounts of information about individual genes, mRNA transcripts, and proteins. However, the long-term goal of understanding physiological and pathophysiological processes at a whole organism level has not been fully realized. This review summarizes the major protein mass spectrometry and NGS techniques relevant to physiology and explores the challenges of merging data from omic methodologies with data from traditional hypothesis-driven research to broaden the understanding of physiological mechanisms. It summarizes recent progress in large-scale data integration through 1) creation of online user-friendly omic data resources with cross-indexing across datasets to democratize access to omic data; 2) application of Bayesian methods to combine data from multiple omic datasets with knowledge from hypothesis-driven studies to address specific physiological and pathophysiological questions; and 3) application of concepts from natural language processing to probe the literature and to create user-friendly causal graphs representing physiological mechanisms. Progress in development of so-called large language models, e.g. ChatGPT, for knowledge integration is also described, along with a discussion of the shortcomings of large language models with regard to management and integration of physiological data.","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MFSD2A in Focus: the Molecular Mechanism of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Transport. MFSD2A聚焦：omega-3脂肪酸转运的分子机制。

IF 5.3 2区医学

Physiology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00068.2024

Farrah Blades, Aysenur Torun Yazici, Rosemary Jane Cater, Filippo Mancia

{"title":"MFSD2A in Focus: the Molecular Mechanism of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Transport.","authors":"Farrah Blades, Aysenur Torun Yazici, Rosemary Jane Cater, Filippo Mancia","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00068.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00068.2024","url":null,"abstract":"Omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential nutrients required to support the growth, maintenance, and function of the central nervous system (CNS). While the brain has a high demand for DHA, it cannot synthesize it de novo and thus relies on its uptake from the bloodstream. Circulating DHA is primarily obtained from dietary sources and is transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the form of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC-DHA) by the transmembrane transporter major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A (MFSD2A) in a sodium-dependent manner. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis of recent insights gained from structural, functional, and computational studies of MFSD2A. We focus on the mechanism by which this transporter mediates sodium-dependent uptake of LPC-DHA, and lysolipids more broadly, highlighting different conformational states, substrate entry and release pathways, and the ligand binding sites. This review presents a detailed overview of the molecular mechanism that enables MFSD2A to supply the brain with this essential nutrient, while simultaneously providing biophysical insights into how lysolipids are transported across biological membranes.","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2α: at the Interface between Oxygen Sensing Systems in Physiology and Pathology. HIF2α：生理和病理中氧传感系统之间的接口。

IF 5.3 2区医学

Physiology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00043.2024

Tammie Bishop, Peter J Ratcliffe

引用次数: 0

SCRaMbLE: a Versatile Tool for Genome Manipulation. SCRaMbLE：基因组操作的多功能工具。

IF 5.3 2区医学

Physiology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00049.2024

Li Cheng, Jielin Li, Yaojun Chen, Junbiao Dai

{"title":"SCRaMbLE: a Versatile Tool for Genome Manipulation.","authors":"Li Cheng, Jielin Li, Yaojun Chen, Junbiao Dai","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00049.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00049.2024","url":null,"abstract":"Genomic rearrangements play an important role in shaping genetic diversity, as they enable the generation of novel structural variations through specific genome manipulation tools. These variations contribute to phenotypic differences among individuals within a population, thereby serving as the foundation for natural selection and driving evolutionary processes. In recent years, synthetic chromosome rearrangement and modification by LoxP-mediated evolution (SCRaMbLE) has emerged as a promising tool for studying genomic rearrangements. SCRaMbLE utilizes site-specific recombination mediated by loxPsym sites to induce targeted chromosomal rearrangements in yeast cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in optimization strategies of the SCRaMbLE system and discuss influential factors that affect its performance based on recent research findings. We demonstrate how the SCRaMbLE system can be employed for pathway engineering, phenotype improvement, genome minimization, and dissection of genotype-to-phenotype relationships. We highlight both the advantages and challenges associated with SCRaMbLE and envision its potential applications beyond yeast genetics.","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Climate Change on Plant Physiology and Health. 气候变化对植物生理和人类健康的影响。

IF 5.3 2区医学

Physiology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00067.2024

Lewis H Ziska

引用次数: 0

DNA Methylation in Long-Term Memory. 长期记忆中的DNA甲基化。

IF 5.3 2区医学

Physiology Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00032.2024

Xinyue Chen, Yueqing Peng, X Shawn Liu

引用次数: 0

Synthetic Forms Most Beautiful: Engineering Insights into Self-Organization. 最美丽的合成形式：对自组织的工程见解。