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Not So Fast: Intermittent Fasting Fails to Improve Metabolic Flexibility in Mice With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. 不要那么快：间歇性禁食不能改善肥胖和2型糖尿病小鼠的代谢灵活性。
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00060.2024
Meghan O Conn, Daniel M Marko, Jonathan D Schertzer
{"title":"Not So Fast: Intermittent Fasting Fails to Improve Metabolic Flexibility in Mice With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.","authors":"Meghan O Conn, Daniel M Marko, Jonathan D Schertzer","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00060.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00060.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Integrative Physiology of Hormone Signaling: Insights from Insect Models. 激素信号的综合生理学：来自昆虫模型的见解。
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00030.2024
Takashi Koyama, Usama Saeed, Kim Rewitz, Kenneth V Halberg
{"title":"The Integrative Physiology of Hormone Signaling: Insights from Insect Models.","authors":"Takashi Koyama, Usama Saeed, Kim Rewitz, Kenneth V Halberg","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00030.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00030.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hormones orchestrate virtually all physiological processes in animals and enable them to adjust internal responses to meet diverse physiological demands. Studies in both vertebrates and insects have uncovered many novel hormones and dissected the physiological mechanisms they regulate, demonstrating a remarkable conservation in endocrine signaling across the tree of life. In this review, we focus on recent advances in insect research, which have provided a more integrative view of the conserved interorgan communication networks that control physiology. These new insights have been driven by experimental advantages inherent to insects, which over the past decades have aligned with new technologies and sophisticated genetic tools, to transform insect genetic models into a powerful testbed for posing new questions and exploring longstanding issues in endocrine research. Here, we illustrate how insect studies have addressed classic questions in three main areas, hormonal control of growth and development, neuroendocrine regulation of ion and water balance, and hormonal regulation of behavior and metabolism, and how these discoveries have illuminated our fundamental understanding of endocrine signaling in animals. The application of integrative physiology in insect systems to questions in endocrinology and physiology is expanding and is poised to be a crucible of discovery, revealing fundamental mechanisms of hormonal regulation that underlie animal adaptations to their environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 肌痛性脑脊髓炎/慢性疲劳综合征的线粒体功能障碍。
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00056.2024
Abu Mohammad Syed, Alexander K Karius, Jin Ma, Ping-Yuan Wang, Paul M Hwang
{"title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.","authors":"Abu Mohammad Syed, Alexander K Karius, Jin Ma, Ping-Yuan Wang, Paul M Hwang","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00056.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00056.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating multisystem disorder of unclear etiology that affects many individuals worldwide. One of its hallmark symptoms is prolonged fatigue following exertion, a feature also observed in long COVID, suggesting an underlying dysfunction in energy production in both conditions. Here, mitochondrial dysfunction and its potential pathogenetic role in these disorders are reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metabolic Alterations in HSCs during Aging and Leukemogenesis. 造血干细胞在衰老和白血病发生过程中的代谢改变。
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00054.2024
Yi-Hsuan Chiang, Stephan Emmrich, Nicola Vannini
{"title":"Metabolic Alterations in HSCs during Aging and Leukemogenesis.","authors":"Yi-Hsuan Chiang, Stephan Emmrich, Nicola Vannini","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00054.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00054.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is a multifaceted process associated with a functional decline in cellular function over time, affecting all lifeforms. During the aging process, metabolism, a fundamental hallmark of life (1), is profoundly altered. In the context of hematopoiesis, the proper function of hematopoietic stem cells, at the apex of the blood system, is tightly linked to their energy metabolism, which in turn shapes hematopoietic output. Here, we review the latest developments in our understanding of the metabolic states and changes in aged hematopoietic stem cells, molecular players and pathways involved in aged hematopoietic stem cell metabolism, the consequences of perturbed metabolism on clonal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis, and pharmacologic/genetic strategies to reverse or rejuvenate altered metabolic phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regulation of Stem Cell Function by NAD. NAD对干细胞功能的调控。
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00052.2024
Yufan Feng, Huixian Qiu, Danica Chen
{"title":"Regulation of Stem Cell Function by NAD<sup />.","authors":"Yufan Feng, Huixian Qiu, Danica Chen","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00052.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00052.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup>), a coenzyme in cellular metabolism, has never ceased to capture the fascination of scientists since its discovery in 1906. The expansion of NAD<sup>+</sup>'s function from cellular metabolism to DNA repair, gene regulation, cell signaling, and aging reflects the central role of cellular metabolism in orchestrating the diverse cellular pathways. In the past decade, NAD<sup>+</sup> has emerged as a key regulator of stem cells, opening the door to potential approaches for regenerative medicine. Here we reflect on how the field of NAD<sup>+</sup> regulation of stem cells has evolved since a decade ago, when sirtuins, NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent enzymes, were shown to be critical regulators of stem cells. We review the recent development on how NAD<sup>+</sup> is regulated in stem cells to influence fate decision. We discuss the difference in NAD<sup>+</sup> regulation of normal and cancer stem cells. Finally, we consider the consequences of NAD<sup>+</sup> regulation of stem cells for health and diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12167693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Is Laughter the Best Medicine? 笑为什么是最好的药？
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00061.2024
Connor T A Brenna
{"title":"How Is Laughter the Best Medicine?","authors":"Connor T A Brenna","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00061.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00061.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immune Aging and Its Implication for Age-Related Disease Progression. 免疫老化及其对年龄相关疾病进展的意义
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00051.2024
Yuki Sato
{"title":"Immune Aging and Its Implication for Age-Related Disease Progression.","authors":"Yuki Sato","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00051.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00051.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As life expectancy increases globally, the prevalence and severity of age-related diseases have risen, significantly impacting patients' quality of life and increasing dependency on the healthcare system. Age-related diseases share several pathological commonalities, and emerging evidence suggests that targeting these biological processes ameliorates multiple age-related diseases. Immune aging plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases, given its involvement not only in controlling infection and cancer but also in facilitating tissue homeostasis and repair. Aging causes compositional and functional changes in both innate and adaptive immune cells, thereby significantly contributing to the pathogenesis of age-related disease and systemic low-grade inflammation, termed \"inflammaging.\" This review article aims to describe the current understanding of immune aging and its impact on age-related diseases with particular emphasis on kidney and autoimmune diseases. In addition, this review highlights tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) as a hallmark of immune aging, exploring their roles in inflammation, tissue damage, and potential therapeutic targeting.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The nose knows: Olfaction as a metabolic gatekeeper in health and disease. 鼻子知道：嗅觉是健康和疾病的代谢看门人。
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00007.2025
Diogo Manoel, Eman Abou Moussa, Asma Al-Naama, Luis R Saraiva
{"title":"The nose knows: Olfaction as a metabolic gatekeeper in health and disease.","authors":"Diogo Manoel, Eman Abou Moussa, Asma Al-Naama, Luis R Saraiva","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00007.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00007.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long regarded as an accessory sense, olfaction is now emerging as a metabolic architect-an active agent in energy homeostasis, appetite regulation, and systemic physiology. This review explores the converging lines of evidence positioning the olfactory system not as a passive enhancer of flavor but as a dynamic mediator between environment, behavior, and internal metabolic state. Food odors engage specific olfactory receptors (OR<sub>s</sub>), which are embedded in neural circuits that project to hypothalamic, limbic, and reward regions. These circuits modulate insulin release, lipid metabolism, thermogenesis, and feeding behavior-often before a single bite is taken. This sensory-metabolic dialogue is continuously tuned by hormonal signals (e.g., leptin, ghrelin, insulin) and deeply shaped by genetic variation across the ~400 human OR genes, where individual differences in perception carry metabolic consequences. Yet this ancient sensory system now operates in a radically altered chemical landscape. Synthetic volatiles, industrial food aromas, and urban pollutants desensitize olfactory pathways, potentially contributing to overeating and metabolic disease. In parallel, a new therapeutic frontier is emerging: targeted modulation of olfactory pathways-via intranasal hormones, neuromodulation, sensory retraining, and personalized interventions informed by OR genotypes-offers a compelling strategy for precision metabolic care. Revisiting Sydney Whiting's 1853 satire, in which \"Smell\" was cast as a meddling underling at the digestive gates, we now find this once-overlooked sentinel wielding remarkable authority. The nose, it turns out, knows-and may yet hold the key to rebalancing metabolism in a world that smells very different from the one we evolved to navigate.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Targeting the Hippo pathway for cardiac regeneration. 靶向Hippo通路的心脏再生。
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00003.2025
Rich Gang Li, Fansen Meng, James F Martin
{"title":"Targeting the Hippo pathway for cardiac regeneration.","authors":"Rich Gang Li, Fansen Meng, James F Martin","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00003.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00003.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ischemic heart disease, which affects more than 200 million people worldwide, is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart and leads to widespread cardiomyocyte death. Due to the limited regenerative potential of cardiomyocytes, the lost tissue is replaced by a fibrotic scar, resulting in reduced cardiac function and progression to heart failure. Current therapeutic interventions aim to improve blood flow, but cannot address the inability for cardiomyocytes to renew after injury. However, multiple studies have shown that modulating the Hippo signaling pathway to activate YAP, a transcription coactivator, in adult murine and porcine cardiomyocytes induces robust cardiomyocyte proliferation. Here, we discuss the therapeutic potential of YAP activation in the context of cardiac renewal, with focus on both cardiomyocyte intrinsic mechanisms and the role of the microenvironment. These findings provide important insights into cardiac regeneration and strategies for developing therapies for human patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transforming Physiology and Healthcare through Foundation Models. 通过基础模型转变生理学和医疗保健。
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00048.2024
Ryan C Godwin, Avery Tung, Dan E Berkowitz, Ryan L Melvin
{"title":"Transforming Physiology and Healthcare through Foundation Models.","authors":"Ryan C Godwin, Avery Tung, Dan E Berkowitz, Ryan L Melvin","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00048.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00048.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) may significantly alter physiological research and healthcare delivery. Whereas AI applications in medicine have historically been trained for specific tasks, recent technological advances have produced models trained on more diverse datasets with much higher parameter counts. These new, \"foundation\" models raise the possibility that more flexible AI tools can be applied to a wider set of healthcare tasks than in the past. This review describes how these newer models differ from conventional task-specific AI, which relies heavily on focused datasets and narrow, specific applications. By examining the integration of AI into diagnostic tools, personalized treatment strategies, biomedical research, and healthcare administration, we highlight how these newer models are revolutionizing predictive healthcare analytics and operational workflows. In addition, we address ethical and practical considerations associated with the use of foundation models by highlighting emerging trends, calling for changes to existing guidelines, and emphasizing the importance of aligning AI with clinical goals to ensure its responsible and effective use.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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