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Buoyancy Regulation in Insects. 昆虫的浮力调节
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00017.2024
Philip G D Matthews
{"title":"Buoyancy Regulation in Insects.","authors":"Philip G D Matthews","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00017.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00017.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple insect lineages have successfully reinvaded the aquatic environment, evolving to complete either part or all of their life cycle submerged in water. Although these insects vary in their reliance on atmospheric oxygen, with many having the ability to extract dissolved oxygen directly from the water, all retain an internal air-filled respiratory system, their tracheal system, due to their terrestrial origins. However, carrying air within their tracheal system, and even augmenting this volume with additional air bubbles carried on their body, dramatically increases their buoyancy, which can make it challenging to remain submerged. But by manipulating this air volume a few aquatic insects can deliberately alter or regulate their position in the water column. Unlike cephalopods and teleost fish that control the volume of gas within their hydrostatic organs by either using osmosis to pull liquid from a rigid chamber or secreting oxygen at high pressure to inflate a flexible chamber, insects have evolved hydrostatic control mechanisms that rely either on the temporary stabilization of a compressible air bubble volume with O<sub>2</sub> unloaded from hemoglobin or on the mechanical expansion and contraction of a gas-filled volume with rigid, gas-permeable walls. The ability to increase their buoyancy while submerged separates aquatic insects from the buoyancy compensation achieved by other air-breathing aquatic animals that also use air within their respiratory systems to offset their submerged weight. The mechanisms they have evolved to achieve this are unique and provide new insights into the function and evolution of mechanochemical systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Charting the Molecular Terrain of Exercise: Energetics, Exerkines, and the Future of Multiomic Mapping. 绘制运动分子地形图：多分子图谱的力量
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00024.2024
Daniel H Katz, Maléne E Lindholm, Euan A Ashley
{"title":"Charting the Molecular Terrain of Exercise: Energetics, Exerkines, and the Future of Multiomic Mapping.","authors":"Daniel H Katz, Maléne E Lindholm, Euan A Ashley","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00024.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00024.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical activity plays a fundamental role in human health and disease. Exercise has been shown to improve a wide variety of disease states, and the scientific community is committed to understanding the precise molecular mechanisms that underlie the exquisite benefits. This review provides an overview of molecular responses to acute exercise and chronic training, particularly energy mobilization and generation, structural adaptation, inflammation, and immune regulation. Furthermore, it offers a detailed discussion of known molecular signals and systemic regulators activated during various forms of exercise and their role in orchestrating health benefits. Critically, the increasing use of multiomic technologies is explored with an emphasis on how multiomic and multitissue studies contribute to a more profound understanding of exercise biology. These data inform anticipated future advancement in the field and highlight the prospect of integrating exercise with pharmacology for personalized disease prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Piezo1: the Force Awakens-How Red Blood Cells Sense and Respond to Mechanical Stress. Piezo1：原力觉醒-红细胞如何感知和响应机械应力。
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00058.2024
Lennart Kuck
{"title":"Piezo1: the Force Awakens-How Red Blood Cells Sense and Respond to Mechanical Stress.","authors":"Lennart Kuck","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00058.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00058.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Physiology in Perspective. 透视生理学。
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00001.2025
Nikki Forrester
{"title":"Physiology in Perspective.","authors":"Nikki Forrester","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00001.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00001.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"118"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metabolic alterations in HSCs during aging and leukemogenesis.
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00054.2024
Yi-Hsuan Chiang, Stephan Emmrich, Nicola Vannini
{"title":"Metabolic alterations in HSCs during aging and leukemogenesis.","authors":"Yi-Hsuan Chiang, Stephan Emmrich, Nicola Vannini","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00054.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00054.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is a multifaceted process associated with a functional decline in cellular function over time, affecting all lifeforms. During the aging process, metabolism, a fundamental hallmark of life (1), is profoundly altered. In the context of hematopoiesis, the proper function of hematopoietic stem cells - at the apex of the blood system - is tightly linked to their energy metabolism, which in turn shapes hematopoietic output. Here, we review the latest developments in our understanding of the metabolic states and changes in aged hematopoietic stem cells, molecular players and pathways involved in aged hematopoietic stem cell metabolism, the consequences of perturbed metabolism on clonal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis, and pharmacologic/ genetic strategies to reverse or rejuvenate altered metabolic phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00056.2024
Abu Mohammad Syed, Alexander K Karius, Jin Ma, Ping-Yuan Wang, Paul M Hwang
{"title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.","authors":"Abu Mohammad Syed, Alexander K Karius, Jin Ma, Ping-Yuan Wang, Paul M Hwang","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00056.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00056.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ME/CFS is a debilitating multisystem disorder of unclear etiology that affects many individuals worldwide. One of its hallmark symptoms is prolonged fatigue following exertion, a feature also observed in long COVID, suggesting an underlying dysfunction in energy production in both conditions. Here, mitochondrial dysfunction and its potential pathogenetic role in these disorders are reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
HIF2α: the interface between oxygen-sensing systems in physiology and pathology.
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00043.2024
Tammie Bishop, Peter J Ratcliffe
{"title":"HIF2α: the interface between oxygen-sensing systems in physiology and pathology.","authors":"Tammie Bishop, Peter J Ratcliffe","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00043.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00043.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More than 100 years after the original descriptions of altitude adaptation, it is now clear that many of these responses are mediated by a specific isoform of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-2α). Here, we review this work, including connectivity with the oxygen chemosensitive response itself, and with paraganglioma, a tumour often affecting chemosensitive tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synthetic forms most beautiful: engineering insights into self-organization.
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00064.2024
Zhejing Xu, Chih-Chia Chang, Scott Coyle
{"title":"Synthetic forms most beautiful: engineering insights into self-organization.","authors":"Zhejing Xu, Chih-Chia Chang, Scott Coyle","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00064.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00064.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reflecting on the diversity of the natural world, Darwin famously observed that \"from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being evolved\". However, the examples that we are able to observe in nature are a consequence of chance, constrained by selection, drift and epistasis. Here we explore how the efforts of synthetic biology to build new living systems can expand our understanding of the fundamental design principles that allow life to self-organize biological form, from cellular to organismal levels. We suggest that the ability to impose a length or timescale onto a biological activity is an essential strategy for self-organization in evolved systems and a key design target that is now being realized synthetically at all scales. By learning to integrate these strategies together, we are poised to expand on evolution's success and realize a space of synthetic forms not only beautiful but with diverse applications and transformative potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Utilizing Omic Data to Understand Integrative Physiology.
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00045.2024
Mark A Knepper
{"title":"Utilizing Omic Data to Understand Integrative Physiology.","authors":"Mark A Knepper","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00045.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00045.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past several decades, physiological research has undergone a progressive shift toward greater-and-greater reductionism, culminating in the rise of 'molecular physiology.' The introduction of Omic techniques, chiefly protein mass spectrometry and next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS), has further accelerated this trend, adding massive amounts of information about individual genes, mRNA transcripts, and proteins. However, the long-term goal of understanding physiological and pathophysiological processes at a whole-organism level has not been fully realized. This review summarizes the major protein mass spectrometry and NGS techniques relevant to physiology and explores the challenges of merging data from Omic methodologies with data from traditional hypothesis-driven research to broaden the understanding of physiological mechanisms. It summarizes recent progress in large-scale data integration through: 1) creation of online user-friendly Omic data resources with cross-indexing across data sets to democratize access to Omic data; 2) application of Bayesian methods to combine data from multiple Omic data sets with knowledge from hypothesis-driven studies in order to address specific physiological and pathophysiological questions; and 3) application of concepts from <i>Natural Language Processing</i> to probe the literature and to create user-friendly causal graphs representing physiological mechanisms. Progress in development of so-called \"Large Language Models\", e.g. <i>ChatGPT</i>, for knowledge integration is also described along with a discussion of the shortcomings of Large Language Models with regard to management and integration of physiological data.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SCRaMbLE: a versatile tool for genome manipulation.
IF 5.3 2区 医学
Physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00049.2024
Li Cheng, Jielin Li, Yaojun Chen, Junbiao Dai
{"title":"SCRaMbLE: a versatile tool for genome manipulation.","authors":"Li Cheng, Jielin Li, Yaojun Chen, Junbiao Dai","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00049.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00049.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genomic rearrangements play an important role in shaping genetic diversity, as they enable the generation of novel structural variations through specific genome manipulation tools. These variations contribute to phenotypic differences among individuals within a population, thereby serving as the foundation for natural selection and driving evolutionary processes. In recent years, Synthetic Chromosome Rearrangement and Modification by LoxP-mediated Evolution (SCRaMbLE) has emerged as a promising tool for studying genomic rearrangements. SCRaMbLE utilizes site-specific recombination mediated by loxPsym sites to induce targeted chromosomal rearrangements in yeast cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in optimization strategies of the SCRaMbLE system and discuss influential factors that affect its performance based on recent research findings. We demonstrate how the SCRaMbLE system can be employed for pathway engineering, phenotype improvement, genome minimization, and dissection of genotype-to-phenotype relationships. We highlight both the advantages and challenges associated with SCRaMbLE and envision its potential applications beyond yeast genetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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