PhysiologyPub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00032.2024
Xinyue Chen, Yueqing Peng, X Shawn Liu
{"title":"DNA Methylation in Long-term Memory.","authors":"Xinyue Chen, Yueqing Peng, X Shawn Liu","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00032.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00032.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding neural mechanisms of memory has been one of the key questions in biology. Long-term memory specifically, allows one to travel mentally without constraints of time and space (1). A long-term memory must have gone through a series of temporal processes: encoding, consolidation, storage, and retrieval. Decades of studies have revealed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying each process. In this paper, we will first review the emerging concept of memory engrams and technologies of engram labeling, as these methods provide a new avenue to study the molecular mechanisms for memory. Then, we will focus on DNA methylation and its role in long-term memory. Lastly, we will discuss some key remaining questions in this field and their implications in memory-related disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhysiologyPub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00052.2024
Yufan Feng, Huixian Qiu, Danica Chen
{"title":"Regulation of stem cell function by NAD<sup />.","authors":"Yufan Feng, Huixian Qiu, Danica Chen","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00052.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00052.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhysiologyPub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00030.2024
Takashi Koyama, Usama Saeed, Kim Rewitz, Kenneth V Halberg
{"title":"The Integrative Physiology of Hormone Signaling: Insights from Insect models.","authors":"Takashi Koyama, Usama Saeed, Kim Rewitz, Kenneth V Halberg","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00030.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00030.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hormones orchestrate virtually all physiological processes in animals, and enable them to adjust internal responses to meet diverse physiological demands. Studies in both vertebrates and insects have uncovered many novel hormones and dissected the physiological mechanisms they regulate, demonstrating a remarkable conservation in endocrine signaling across the tree of life. In this review, we focus on recent advances in insect research, which have provided a more integrative view of the conserved interorgan communication networks that control physiology These new insights have been driven by experimental advantages inherent to insects, which over the past decades have aligned with new technologies and sophisticated genetic tools, to transform insect genetic models into a powerful testbed for posing new questions and exploring longstanding issues in endocrine research. Here, we illustrate how insect studies have addressed classic questions in three main areas-hormonal control of growth and development, neuroendocrine regulation of ion and water balance, and hormonal regulation of behavior and metabolism- and how these discoveries have illuminated our fundamental understanding of endocrine signaling in animals. The application of integrative physiology in insect systems to questions in endocrinology and physiology is expanding, and is poised to be a crucible of discovery, revealing fundamental mechanisms of hormonal regulation that underlie animal adaptations to their environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhysiologyPub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00051.2024
Yuki Sato
{"title":"Immune Aging and Its Implication for Age-Related Disease Progression.","authors":"Yuki Sato","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00051.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00051.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As life expectancy increases globally, the prevalence and severity of age-related disease has risen, significantly impacting patients' quality of life and increasing dependency on the health care system. Age-related diseases share several pathological commonalities, and emerging evidence suggests that targeting these biological processes ameliorate multiple age-related diseases. Immune aging plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases, given its involvement not only in controlling infection and cancer but also in facilitating tissue homeostasis and repair. Aging causes compositional and functional changes in both innate and adaptive immune cells, thereby significantly contributing to the pathogenesis of age-related disease and systemic low-grade inflammation, termed as \"inflammaging.\" This review article aims to describe the current understanding of immune aging and its impact on age-related diseases with particular emphasis on kidney and autoimmune disease. Additionally, this review highlights tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) as a hallmark of immune aging, exploring their roles in inflammation, tissue damage and potential therapeutic targeting.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhysiologyPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00035.2024
Axel Joly, Arthur Schott, Ira Phadke, Pedro Gonzalez-Menendez, Sandrina Kinet, Naomi Taylor
{"title":"Beyond ATP: Metabolite Networks as Regulators of Physiological and Pathological Erythroid Differentiation.","authors":"Axel Joly, Arthur Schott, Ira Phadke, Pedro Gonzalez-Menendez, Sandrina Kinet, Naomi Taylor","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00035.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00035.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess the capacity for self-renewal and the sustained production of all mature blood cell lineages. It has been well established that a metabolic rewiring controls the switch of HSCs from a self-renewal state to a more differentiated state, but it is only recently that we have appreciated the importance of metabolic pathways in regulating the commitment of progenitors to distinct hematopoietic lineages. In the context of erythroid differentiation, an extensive network of metabolites, including amino acids, sugars, nucleotides, fatty acids, vitamins, and iron, is required for red blood cell (RBC) maturation. In this review, we highlight the multifaceted roles via which metabolites regulate physiological erythropoiesis as well as the effects of metabolic perturbations on erythroid lineage commitment and differentiation. Of note, the erythroid differentiation process is associated with an exceptional breadth of solute carrier (SLC) metabolite transporter upregulation. Finally, we discuss how recent research, revealing the critical impact of metabolic reprogramming in diseases of disordered and ineffective erythropoiesis, has created opportunities for the development of novel metabolic-centered therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhysiologyPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00027.2024
Giulia Soggia, Yasmin ElMaghloob, Annie-Kermen Boromangnaeva, Adel Al Jord
{"title":"Mechanical Remodeling of Nuclear Biomolecular Condensates.","authors":"Giulia Soggia, Yasmin ElMaghloob, Annie-Kermen Boromangnaeva, Adel Al Jord","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00027.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00027.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organism health relies on cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. These universal processes depend on cytoplasmic reorganization driven notably by the cytoskeleton and its force-generating motors. Their activity generates forces that mechanically agitate the cell nucleus and its interior. New evidence from reproductive cell biology revealed that these cytoskeletal forces can be tuned to remodel nuclear membraneless compartments, known as biomolecular condensates, and regulate their RNA processing function for the success of subsequent cell division that is critical for fertility. Both cytoskeletal and nuclear condensate reorganization are common to numerous physiological and pathological contexts, raising the possibility that mechanical remodeling of nuclear condensates may be a much broader mechanism regulating their function. Here, we review this newfound mechanism of condensate remodeling and venture into the contexts of health and disease where it may be relevant, with a focus on reproduction, cancer, and premature aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhysiologyPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00022.2024
Hanah M Georges, Errol R Norwitz, Vikki M Abrahams
{"title":"Predictors of Inflammation-Mediated Preterm Birth.","authors":"Hanah M Georges, Errol R Norwitz, Vikki M Abrahams","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00022.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00022.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preterm birth remains a worldwide health concern because of ongoing challenges in prediction and prevention. Current predictors are limited by poor performance, need for invasive sampling, and an inability to identify patients in a timely fashion to allow for effective intervention. The multiple etiologies of preterm birth often have an inflammatory component. Thus, a deeper understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms involved in preterm birth may provide opportunities to identify new predictors of preterm birth. This review discusses the multiple etiologies of preterm birth, their links to inflammation, current predictors available, and new directions for the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhysiologyPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00031.2024
Cristina Sobacchi, Ciro Menale, Laura Crisafulli, Francesca Ficara
{"title":"Role of RANKL Signaling in Bone Homeostasis.","authors":"Cristina Sobacchi, Ciro Menale, Laura Crisafulli, Francesca Ficara","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00031.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00031.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RANKL and its cognate receptor RANK are crucial regulators of bone metabolism in physiological as well as in pathological conditions. Here we go through the works that unveiled the paramount role of this signaling pathway. We focus on the RANKL cytokine, whose alterations are responsible for rare and common bone diseases. We describe recent insights on the regulation of RANKL expression, which provide new hints for the pharmacological regulation of this molecule. Based on the multiple functions exerted by RANKL (within and outside the bone tissue), we advise caution regarding the potential unintended consequences of its inhibition.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhysiologyPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00028.2024
Orlando Laitano, Kentaro Oki, Nisha Charkoudian
{"title":"Factors Contributing to Heat Tolerance in Humans and Experimental Models.","authors":"Orlando Laitano, Kentaro Oki, Nisha Charkoudian","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00028.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00028.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding physiological mechanisms of tolerance to heat exposure, and potential ways to improve such tolerance, is increasingly important in the context of ongoing climate change. We discuss the concept of heat tolerance in humans and experimental models (primarily rodents), including intracellular mechanisms and improvements in tolerance with heat acclimation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49694,"journal":{"name":"Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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