Public Health最新文献

{"title":"The impact of adverse childhood experiences on health outcomes of indigenous populations over the life course: A systematic review","authors":"K.M. Shahunja ,&nbsp;Md Ashraful Alam ,&nbsp;Edmund Wedam Kanmiki ,&nbsp;Thilini Nisansala Egoda Kapuralalage ,&nbsp;Thuy Linh Duong ,&nbsp;Sarah Graham ,&nbsp;Abdullah A. Mamun","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are recognised as a strong risk factor affecting health outcomes. This systematic review seeks to synthesize evidence from global studies, investigating the associations of ACEs with the development of various health issues beyond childhood in Indigenous populations.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Systematic review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically searched for research articles published up to February 2024, in databases of peer-reviewed literature. We searched for articles on different types of ACEs recorded and their associated problematic health outcomes in different Indigenous populations across the world. Observational studies and administrative linkage study design were eligible for inclusion. Summary results of individual studies and variations of different ACE measuring tools are presented. We further explored the potential link between ACEs and various health outcomes by constructing an acyclic graph based on available evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We screened 2468 articles, and 56 were included in our review. Although tools for measuring ACEs were diverse, most of the studies used either the CDC-Kaiser study tool or tools by Bernstein et al. which were developed for the mainstream population. No Indigenous-specific tool was found that was used to assess ACEs in Indigenous populations. The studies assessed several types of ACEs, with sexual abuse and physical abuse being the most common. All the studies reported a significant association between ACEs and adverse health outcomes where mental health issues were more examined than physical health issues.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>As we found that there was no validated Indigenous-specific tool for the Indigenous population, it is crucial to develop ACE measurement tools tailored to Indigenous populations that can capture trauma events related to their unique history and cultural context. Considering the higher prevalence of several physical health problems, especially cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in this population, more research should be conducted to identify their links with ACEs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105724"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The trend in pancreatic cancer incidence from 2009 to 2019 and the prediction from 2020 to 2030: An analysis of provincial data in China","authors":"Hao Yu ,&nbsp;Yuchen Jiang ,&nbsp;Weigang Miao ,&nbsp;Wenbin Hu ,&nbsp;Yixu Jin ,&nbsp;Zhouquan Fan ,&nbsp;Pengfei Luo ,&nbsp;Ran Tao ,&nbsp;Fangyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Renqiang Han ,&nbsp;Jinyi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>As a malignant tumour with a very high mortality rate, the incidence of pancreatic cancer is on the rise globally, but the long-term trend at the provincial level in China is not yet clear. This study aimed to investigate the trend of pancreatic cancer incidence in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2019 and to predict pancreatic cancer incidence from 2020 to 2030.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Descriptive study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data on pancreatic cancer incidence in Jiangsu Province were obtained from the Jiangsu Cancer Registry. Trends in pancreatic cancer incidence from 2009 to 2019 were examined based on the Joinpoint regression model. Age-period-cohort (APC) models were introduced to estimate the independent effects of age, period, and cohort on the incidence of pancreatic cancer and to project pancreatic cancer incidence from 2020 to 2030.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 2009 to 2019, the number of pancreatic cancer cases in Jiangsu Province increased from 1146 to 2088, and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased from 4.59 to 5.64 per 100,000 people. In 2019, the ASIR was higher in males than in females, and the ASIR was higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The APC analysis also showed that the age effect was the most important factor influencing pancreatic cancer incidence in Jiangsu Province. Predictions suggest that pancreatic cancer incidence will continue to increase from 2020 to 2030.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>From 2009 to 2019, the pancreatic cancer incidence in Jiangsu Province showed an increasing trend. The incidence rate is higher among males and urban residents. It is expected that the incidence of pancreatic cancer will continue to increase in the next decade. Therefore, pancreatic cancer prevention and control efforts should continue to focus on older adults and males. This study develops an advanced provincial prediction model, which provides a quantitative basis for allocating screening resources to high-risk populations and provides a reference paradigm for cancer prevention and control strategies in other developing countries undergoing industrialization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of acute myocardial infarction in patients with non-typhoidal Salmonella infection: A nationwide matched population-based cohort study","authors":"Wen-Yee Chen ,&nbsp;Han-Lin Shih ,&nbsp;Yi-Ting Lee ,&nbsp;Renin Chang ,&nbsp;Wen-Miin Liang ,&nbsp;Yao-Min Hung ,&nbsp;Cheuk-Kwan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We used a nationwide cohort to explore the association of non-typhoidal <em>Salmonella</em> (NTS) with risk of incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI).</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Nationwide matched population-based cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed a national insurance database, in which the NTS cohort (N = 15,152) and non-NTS cohort (N = 60,608) were individually-matched at 1:4 ratio by the index date, age, gender, and propensity score of comorbidities. Participants were identified by International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) codes from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2014 and follow-up to Dec 31, 2017. Cox proportional hazard-models taking competing risk of death into account were adopted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of AMI. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted focusing on gender and comorbidities.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The sub-distribution HR (sHR) of new-onset AMI was 1.63 (95 % CI, 1.32–2.01; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). Our findings were consistent across gender (female, sHR = 1.42; 0.98–2.07 and male, sHR = 1.72; 1.34–2.22). While a positive association between NTS infection and AMI risk was noted in individuals without comorbidities, the correlation persisted in those with diabetes (sHR = 1.85; 1.34–2.55), moderate to severe kidney disease (sHR = 3.02; 1.49–6.13), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (sHR = 1.64; 1.33–2.02), gastroenteritis (sHR = 2.75; 1.32–5.74) and hypertension (sHR = 1.66; 1.28–2.15)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The risk of AMI was significantly higher in the NTS cohort than that in the non-NTS cohort, indicating that NTS infection may be a potentially modifiable risk factor for AMI that warrants further studies for verification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"242 ","pages":"Pages 406-412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence strategies based on random forests for detection of AI-generated content in public health","authors":"Igor V. Pantic ,&nbsp;Snezana Mugosa","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To train and test a Random Forest machine learning model with the ability to distinguish AI-generated from human-generated textual content in the domain of public health, and public health policy.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Supervised machine learning study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A dataset comprising 1000 human-generated and 1000 AI-generated paragraphs was created. Textual features were extracted using TF-IDF vectorization which calculates term frequency (TF) and Inverse document frequency (IDF), and combines the two measures to produce a score for individual terms. The Random Forest model was trained and tested using the Scikit-Learn library and Jupyter Notebook service in the Google Colab cloud-based environment, with Google CPU hardware acceleration.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The model achieved a classification accuracy of 81.8 % and an area under the ROC curve of 0.9. For human-generated content, precision, recall, and F1-score were 0.85, 0.78, and 0.81, respectively. For AI-generated content, these metrics were 0.79, 0.86, and 0.82. The MCC value of 0.64 indicated moderate to strong predictive power. The model demonstrated robust sensitivity (recall for AI-generated class) of 0.86 and specificity (recall for human-generated class) of 0.78.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The model exhibited acceptable performance, as measured by classification accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and other metrics. This approach can be further improved by incorporating additional supervised machine learning techniques and serves as a foundation for the future development of a sophisticated and innovative AI system. Such a system could play a crucial role in combating misinformation and enhancing public trust across various government platforms, media outlets, and social networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"242 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of colorectal cancer attributable to high body-mass index in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2021: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","authors":"Qiuxia Zhang ,&nbsp;Jia Feng ,&nbsp;Zhijie Xu ,&nbsp;Yi Guo ,&nbsp;Baolin Zhu ,&nbsp;Ping Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.02.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.02.040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>A strong association between high Body Mass Index (BMI) and Colorectal Cancer (CRC) has been well established. However, the global burden of CRC attributable to high BMI remains underexplored. This study aims to examine and analyze the burden of CRC linked to high BMI at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A descriptive analysis of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data on the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), as well as age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR), were extracted from the GBD 2021. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated to evaluate the temporal change in ASDR and ASMR using Joinpoint regression analysis. The Population Attributable Fractions (PAF) were used to analyze the CRC burden attributed to risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2021, the global deaths and DALYs of CRC attributed to high BMI were 99,270 deaths and 2,364,660 years respectively, more than double the figures from 1990. High SDI regions bore the greatest burden while low-middle and middle SDI regions experienced a faster rise, with individuals over 60 and males being the most affected. East Asia, particularly China, had the heaviest burden globally. ASMR and ASDR were correlated with SDI. The top five risk factors for CRC burden were a diet low in whole grains (17.72 %), a diet low in milk (15.10 %), a diet high in red meat (14.55 %), high BMI (9.69 %) and a diet low in calcium (8.20 %) in 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>High BMI is a significant risk factor for CRC, with aging, population growth, gender, and SDI contributing to geographic and temporal variations in the burden. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted prevention strategies, especially in high-risk populations, and emphasize the role of obesity prevention, early screening, lifestyle and dietary modifications, and interventions such as AI-driven technologies to reduce the CRC burden.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"242 ","pages":"Pages 388-398"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mediating effect of psychosocial work factors in the prospective associations between organisational changes and self-rated health: Results from the national French working conditions survey","authors":"Isabelle Niedhammer,&nbsp;Maël Quatrevaux,&nbsp;Sandrine Bertrais","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Organisational changes have been found to be associated with health outcomes but the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. The study aimed at exploring the prospective associations of organisational changes with self-rated health and the mediating effect of psychosocial work factors in these associations.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>The study had a prospective design.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was based on a nationally representative sample of 14,989 employees surveyed in 2013, 2016, and 2019 (national French working conditions survey). The associations between seven organisational changes, a large set of psychosocial work factors, and the incidence of poor self-rated health were studied using weighted robust Poisson regression models and the Karlson, Holm and Breen (KHB) method. Covariates included gender, age, marital status, stressful life events, social support outside work, occupation, and economic activity of the company.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The exposure to any organisational change predicted the incidence of poor self-rated health (covariate-adjusted incidence rate ratio: 1.30, 95 % CI: 1.16–1.46). All types of organisational changes were predictors of the incidence of poor self-rated health. There was a linear trend between the number of changes and the incidence of poor self-rated health. Mismanagement of changes increased the incidence still further. Psychosocial work factors had a mediating effect of 18.4–51.8 % in the associations between organisational changes and the incidence of poor self-rated health. The most contributing factors were those related to quantitative demands, role stressors, job insecurity, and internal violence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Prevention oriented towards organisational changes may be useful to improve psychosocial working conditions and health among working populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"242 ","pages":"Pages 399-405"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the home life environment and organised extracurricular activities on adolescent cannabis use: Findings from the Irish Planet Youth Survey","authors":"Fionn P. Daly ,&nbsp;Seán R. Millar ,&nbsp;Emmet Major ,&nbsp;Peter M. Barrett","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Adolescent cannabis use is a significant public health concern. This study aimed to investigate how the home life environment and involvement in extracurricular activities correlate with teenage cannabis use in Ireland.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analysed data from the Planet Youth 2020 survey, an anonymous questionnaire among school-going adolescents in the West of Ireland. Adolescents with complete data pertaining to age, gender, and cannabis use were included (n = 4897). Multinomial logistic regression examined factors associated with cannabis use more than 12 months ago, within the previous 12 months (but not 30 days), and within the previous month (vs. never used). Exposure variables of interest included factors related to the home life environment (parental rule-setting, parental monitoring, being outside after midnight in the previous week, and intergenerational closure), and adolescent involvement in extracurricular activities (sports, arts, volunteering, and/or afterschool clubs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 908 (18.5 %) adolescents reported previous cannabis use. Specifically, 182 (3.7 %) had used cannabis more than a year ago, 361 (7.4 %) had used cannabis within the last year (but not 30 days), while 365 (7.5 %) had used cannabis within the past month. Being outside after midnight in the previous week, a lack of parental rule-setting, parental monitoring, intergenerational closure, and lack of participation in sports or volunteering were all associated with increased odds of adolescent cannabis use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Cannabis use is relatively common among adolescents in Ireland. Social environment factors related to cannabis use, both within the home and in the wider community, may provide valuable insights for actionable primary prevention interventions at the grassroots level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"242 ","pages":"Pages 375-381"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gardening initiatives as an approach to cancer prevention for children and youth","authors":"Christina Gillies ,&nbsp;Courtney Baay","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Gardening initiatives may be used to address modifiable risk factors for cancer from an early age. This review synthesizes evidence on the effects of gardening initiatives on modifiable cancer risk factors among school-aged children and youth.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Rapid review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A rapid review was conducted in March 2024 using databases (e.g., MEDLINE, PubMed), registers (e.g., ClinicalTrials.gov), and other sources (e.g., Healthevidence.org, Google Scholar). Two reviewers independently screened and selected articles for inclusion, and one completed quality appraisal. Peer-reviewed studies from the past ten years on gardening initiatives in schools, daycares, or community settings in high-income countries were included. Studies had to report health outcomes for children and youth (aged 0–18 years) related to modifiable cancer risk factors including: nutrition behaviors, body weight, physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, psychosocial factors, and ultraviolet ray (UVR) behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This resulted in forty-eight included studies. Most measured outcomes related to nutrition behaviors, psychosocial factors, body weight, and PA. Fewer studies measured sedentary behavior, and none included UVR behaviors. Gardening initiatives generally led to positive nutrition behaviors (e.g., improved knowledge, dietary diversity), increased PA, decreased sedentary behavior, and improved psychosocial factors (e.g., depression, social cohesion). Effects on body weight and abdominal adiposity were inconclusive.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Gardening initiatives in educational and community settings could help prevent cancer by improving diet, PA, and psychosocial health in children and youth. However, more rigorous, longitudinal studies are needed to better understand their effectiveness, mechanisms, and long-term impact on cancer prevention into adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"242 ","pages":"Pages 367-374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life within: Unraveling the patterns and correlates of smokeless tobacco use in pregnant women across India","authors":"Amrita Gupta ,&nbsp;Nilesh Gawde ,&nbsp;K. Anil Kumar ,&nbsp;Muthusamy Sivakami ,&nbsp;Sulabha Parasuraman","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Tobacco use during pregnancy is of significant concern as it is associated with adverse outcomes in expecting mothers and their fetuses. Smokeless tobacco use is widespread among women in India. However, there is a dearth of studies on smokeless tobacco use and its determinants during pregnancy in India. The study examines the prevalence and predictors of smokeless tobacco use, quit attempts, advice from healthcare providers to quit, and intentions to quit among pregnant women in India.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>The study utilizes the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2 (2016–17) India data. GATS 2 was conducted in all 30 states and two union territories. GATS is a nationally representative household survey of individuals aged 15 years or above. A multistage sampling procedure was conducted separately for urban and rural areas.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The sample size for the study was 1403 currently pregnant women at the time of the survey. Bivariate analysis, multivariable regression, Chi-square test, and phi coefficient were utilized.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Smokeless tobacco use was reported by 7.4 % of pregnant women, highest among older age groups, Scheduled Tribes, poorer households, and North-Eastern and EAG states. About 64.4 % visited a healthcare provider, but only 23.7 % were asked about tobacco use, and 20.2 % were advised to quit. Quit attempts were made by 43.6 %, and only 20 % planned to quit within 12 months. Age, caste, education, occupation, and state of residence were statistically significant predictors of tobacco use, but not knowledge of the ill effects of smokeless tobacco use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Addressing Smokeless tobacco use among pregnant women in India requires a multifaceted approach combining targeted interventions, strengthened healthcare provider support, health education campaigns, and evidence-based policies. Health education and awareness campaigns should disseminate accurate and comprehensive information about the risks of smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy on mother and child.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"242 ","pages":"Pages 359-366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of working hours and shift work on preterm birth among Australian women in paid work during pregnancy: Prospective cohort study","authors":"Haimanot Abebe Adane ,&nbsp;Ross Iles ,&nbsp;Jacqueline A. Boyle ,&nbsp;Luke R. Sheehan ,&nbsp;Alex Collie","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In Australia, the rate of preterm births increased from 8.3 % in 2010 to 8.7 % in 2021, posing risks not only during pregnancy and the neonatal period but also for long-term offspring development. While global studies highlight predictors of preterm birth, limited research explores the link between working conditions, such as long working hours, shift work, and preterm birth in Australian women.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study analysed data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, including 2241 employed women who reported 2522 singleton births between 1996 and 2018. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to account for repeated births from the same women. Data analysis was performed using STATA version 17.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Long working hours were initially associated with an increased risk of pre-term birth (AOR 1.61, 95 % CI: 1.02–2.55), but this association became non-significant after adjusting for obstetric and health factors (AOR 1.21, 95 % CI: 0.76–1.92). Similarly, shift work showed no significant association with preterm birth (AOR 0.59, 95 % CI: 0.31–1.13). Low educational status (AOR 1.86, 95 % CI: 1.04–3.31), smoking (AOR 2.48, 95 % CI: 1.17–5.25), gestational hypertension (AOR 2.75, 95 % CI: 1.32–5.23), primiparity (AOR 2.02, 95 % CI: 1.13–3.63), asthma history (AOR 2.01, 95 % CI: 1.05–3.84) and lack of private health insurance (AOR 1.86, 95 % CI: 1.14–3.05) remained significantly associated with higher odds of preterm birth.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study initially found a link between working over 40 hours per week and preterm birth, but this association was nullified after adjusting for health and obstetric factors. Additionally, shift work showed no significant association with preterm birth. Low educational status, smoking, gestational hypertension, asthma, primiparity, and lack of private health insurance were significantly associated with preterm birth. Addressing chronic diseases and social inequalities is crucial to reducing preterm birth rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"242 ","pages":"Pages 352-358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}