Public Health最新文献

{"title":"AI without reach: The last mile problem in preventive public health.","authors":"M Courtney Hughes","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Examine the \"last mile problem\" in artificial intelligence (AI) applications for preventive public health.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Conceptual short communication introducing a five-stage pathway to examine where AI-enabled prevention breaks down.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This draws on emerging literature in AI, health services research, and implementation science to distinguish between predictive capacity and real-world impact. A five-stage pathway model of prediction, translation, delivery, uptake, and sustainment is introduced to characterize where breakdowns occur between identifying risk and changing outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Current AI applications in public health are heavily concentrated in prediction, with limited attention to delivery, engagement, and sustained behavior change. These gaps are particularly consequential in prevention, where action must occur before consequences are visible, and in contexts such as family caregiving, where individuals operate as de facto delivery systems without adequate support. Traditional measures of healthcare access further obscure the problem by suggesting that services are available when real-world barriers prevent their use. The last mile problem is not evenly distributed; it disproportionately affects populations facing structural disadvantage, meaning that AI systems that fail to account for delivery and context risk widening existing inequities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Addressing the last mile requires reorienting AI from a primarily predictive tool to one embedded in systems of care and daily life. This includes integrating real-time data, designing for context, and evaluating AI on whether it enables timely, sustained action, not on predictive accuracy alone. Until AI reaches the last mile, its contribution to prevention will remain incomplete, accurate in prediction but limited in impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"260 ","pages":"106528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in multidisciplinary and cross-sector public health practice: A scoping review.","authors":"Han Wu, Ting Yang, Bolin Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This scoping review examined how artificial intelligence is applied in multidisciplinary and cross-sector public health practice, focusing on public health roles, collaborative implementation, and cross-sector governance and equity risks.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Scoping review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following Arksey and O'Malley's framework and PRISMA-ScR reporting guidance, six databases were searched. Sources were included if they examined artificial intelligence or artificial intelligence-enabled decision support in public, population, or community health contexts and provided information on public health functions, collaboration, implementation, equity, or governance. Data were charted and synthesised narratively by study characteristics, artificial intelligence roles, collaborators, implementation conditions, and governance risks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>27 sources published between 2021 and 2026 were included. Most were reviews, evidence syntheses, policy or guidance documents, or conceptual papers, with relatively few empirical or practitioner-oriented studies. Artificial intelligence was mainly used for surveillance and early warning, population risk modelling, health communication, misinformation detection, policy intelligence, participatory co-creation, and routine public health operations. Implementation depended on collaboration among public health practitioners, epidemiologists, data scientists, policymakers, legal and ethics experts, communication specialists, community organisations, and affected populations. Cross-sector governance and equity risks included poor data quality, limited interoperability, workforce gaps, weak real-world evaluation, privacy risks, and unclear accountability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Artificial intelligence applications in public health are expanding, but the evidence base remains heterogeneous and empirically limited. Routine operational support and AI readiness, together with surveillance and early warning, were among the more frequently represented roles, while empirical evidence on real-world implementation, community engagement and governance evaluation remained limited. Future research should move beyond model performance to examine workflow fit, equity impact, public trust, accountability and population-level outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"260 ","pages":"106529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to 'Evaluation of mothers' opinions on appetite and body shape perception of their children' [Public Health 195 (2021) 126-131].","authors":"S B Aksu, G Zeren Öztürk","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106510","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"106510"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychology and public health: Reframing the relationship for a changing world.","authors":"Jim McManus, Fiona Day, Richard Amlot","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106454","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"106454"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From evidence to action: Why employers must address prolonged sitting in modern workplaces.","authors":"Muslim Abbas Syed, Andrew C K Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global workforce has undergone substantial transformation in recent decades, with technological advances, digitalization, remote working, and expanding administrative demands contributing to an increase in sedentary occupations. As a result, prolonged sitting has become a routine feature of working life for many office-based employees across diverse sectors. Although the health risks associated with sedentary behavior are well established, prolonged occupational sitting remains relatively overlooked within workplace health policy and public health practice. Evidence consistently links extended sitting with adverse health outcomes including cardiometabolic disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, reduced wellbeing, and premature mortality. Importantly, these risks may persist even among individuals who meet recommended physical activity guidelines, highlighting sedentary behavior as a distinct occupational exposure rather than simply the absence of exercise. Despite growing awareness of these harms, many workers encounter structural barriers that limit opportunities for movement during the working day. Job design, workload expectations, digital working practices, organizational culture, and performance pressures often reinforce prolonged sitting as the default mode of work. This editorial argues that the challenge is no longer a lack of evidence but a lack of implementation. Framing sedentary behavior as a matter of individual responsibility overlooks the organizational and environmental factors that shape daily workplace behaviors. Consequently, efforts to reduce occupational sitting should shift from individual-level messaging toward employer-led and system-level solutions. Evidence-informed interventions, including active workstations, movement-promoting workplace design, standing meetings, and supportive organizational policies, offer practical opportunities to reduce sedentary exposure. The next phase of public health action should focus on organizational accountability and workplace redesign, ensuring that healthier behaviors are supported by the environments in which people work rather than relying solely on individual choice.</p>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"106484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149065568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Notice to ‘Tangible visualisation for risk communication and planning in heat emergency events: a case study in Nottingham City, UK’ [Public Health 249 (2025) 106019]","authors":"Setia Hermawati,&nbsp;John Hickson,&nbsp;Glyn Lawson","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106427","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 106427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prohibition isn't protection: Biosecurity without verification","authors":"Muslim Abbas Syed,&nbsp;Andrew C.K. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The eradication of smallpox remains one of the most significant achievements in public health, symbolizing the power of international cooperation, scientific coordination, and collective responsibility. However, the continued retention of eradicated pathogens, particularly live variola virus, reflects a broader and unresolved challenge within global biosecurity governance. While debates surrounding smallpox have often been framed narrowly in terms of risk–benefit considerations specific to a single pathogen, they increasingly expose deeper structural limitations in the systems designed to prevent biological harm. International frameworks such as the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) formally prohibit the development and stockpiling of biological agents for hostile purposes. Yet their effectiveness is constrained by incomplete universal participation, the absence of verification mechanisms, and limited capacity for enforcement. As a result, global biosecurity operates largely through normative commitments rather than enforceable accountability. In a world characterized by armed conflict, weakening multilateralism, and rapid advances in biotechnology, this reliance on trust-based governance is increasingly fragile. This editorial argues that the central issue is not simply whether eradicated pathogens such as variola virus, should be retained, but whether existing governance systems can manage biological risk in a credible and sustainable manner. If international norms cannot be effectively enforced, the assumption that prohibition equates to protection becomes increasingly untenable. Public health discourse must therefore move beyond pathogen-specific debates and engage more critically with the structural constraints of global biosecurity governance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 106403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Sati et al. and Di Castelnuovo et al. regarding ‘The illusion of healthy drinking: Methodological bias and selective reporting of effects shape evidence on alcohol and cardiovascular health’","authors":"Susanne Stolpe,&nbsp;Kathrin Schlößler,&nbsp;Horst Christian Vollmar,&nbsp;Bernd Kowall","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106419","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 106419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in global response to public health emergencies: A tale of two pathogens","authors":"Danielle Solomon,&nbsp;Andrew C.K. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106431","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 106431"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of challenges to implementation of infection control guidance in primary care during COVID-19 incidents: Lessons for pandemic planning.","authors":"Lorna J Duncan, Jade Meadows, Jonathan Roberts","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Despite service delivery modifications to minimise transmission in primary care during the pandemic, 609 COVID-19 incidents linked to English general practice (GP) were mandatorily reported to the United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA) between March 2020 and April 2022. This study aimed to identify themes in case management records of GP-linked COVID-19 incidents to inform future infection prevention and control (IPC).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Thematic analysis was undertaken of all GP-linked COVID-19 incidents reported to UKHSA in South West England.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Records were included where at least one confirmed COVID-19 case was linked to a GP setting. Analysis of outbreaks/clusters (at least two cases, with/without an epidemiological link respectively) and single case exposures was undertaken. Cases, contacts and potential transmission routes were evaluated in outbreaks; impacts to health/service provision were analysed for all incidents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>42 outbreaks, 10 clusters and 10 single case exposures were included for analysis. Staff comprised 95% of 210 outbreak cases, with six family member cases and one patient case. At least one IPC breach was identified in over 70% of outbreaks, commonly involving inadequate social distancing/personal protective equipment use, or multi-site/symptomatic working. Some breaches indicated guidance impracticability. No deaths, but two hospitalisations, occurred and a single case could necessitate site closure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>COVID-19 cases in GP-linked outbreaks in South West England were predominantly identified in staff, impacting service delivery. Some IPC breaches involved implementation challenges. Mitigations span premises/IT adaptations, contingency planning and tailored guidance. This emphasizes the need for specific primary care representation in pandemic planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"256 ","pages":"106293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}