Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Middle range nursing theory for impaired health literacy","authors":"A.B. Silva ,&nbsp;J.N.M. Araújo ,&nbsp;M.V.O. Lopes ,&nbsp;A.C. Dantas ,&nbsp;B.E.C. Borges ,&nbsp;A.F. Vitor","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to begin the development of a middle range theory for the nursing diagnosis impaired health literacy.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Middle-range nursing theory.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The theory was constructed based on data obtained from an integrative literature review and the concepts from Imogene King's Conceptual Model of Open Systems. The approach used involved five steps: defining the approach to constructing the MRT, determining key concepts, creating a pictorial diagram, formulating propositions and establishing causal relationships and evidence for practice.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The theory encompasses 14 etiological factors, eight defining characteristics, three associated conditions and two populations at risk. And nine propositions were developed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The early development of the middle-range theory for the nursing diagnostic proposition “impaired health literacy” allowed the compilation of the clinical antecedents and consequences necessary for an accurate diagnostic inference. Therefore, it offers a theoretical framework and a diagnostic structure that can be used for the inference of impaired health literacy. Understanding the factors that negatively impact individuals within the context of their clinical condition or treatment is an essential and evolving social practice. Further studies are needed to address the validation steps, especially regarding clinical validity, in order to favor the testing of the propositions and the recognition of evidence in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 105792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting global pneumonia mortality trends by age group: A modeling study","authors":"Dhanisha Nerurkar ,&nbsp;Amanda M. Bleichrodt ,&nbsp;Ruiyan Luo ,&nbsp;Gerardo Chowell","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Pneumonia continues to be a major health issue worldwide, especially impacting those at risk across various age categories. This study aims to forecast pneumonia mortality trends by age group through 2030 using diverse modeling techniques to inform targeted public health interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A predictive modeling study utilizing publicly available secondary data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We employed five forecasting models—Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Generalized Additive Model (GAM), Simple Linear Regression (SLR), Facebook's Prophet model, and the <em>n</em>-sub-epidemic framework— to global, age-specific pneumonia mortality data from 2020 to 2030, based on data from 1990 to 2019. The percentage change in pneumonia deaths from 2020 to 2030 and forecasting uncertainty were assessed for all models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our model-based projections suggest a sustained increase in global pneumonia mortality among individuals aged ≥70 years (6.0 %–35.4 %), a gradual increase in ages 50–69 (0.4 %–19.9 %), while children under 5 years of age (−33.2 % to −97.3 %) and 5–14 years (−22.7 % to −45.9 %) showed a decline by 2030. The <em>n</em>-sub-epidemic models predicted a decrease in mortality for ages 15–49 (−9.1 % to −11.6 %), contrasting with statistical models that showed increasing trends among ages 15–49 (0.1 %–11.6 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Pneumonia mortality trends are projected to vary considerably by age group, emphasizing the importance of age-specific policies. The use of multiple robust forecasting methods revealed consistent trends across most age groups and provided valuable insights into mortality dynamics. Future efforts should integrate region-specific data and retrospective model validation to improve predictive accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 105820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using formative evaluation to adapt a co-creation process within and between workplace contexts: A Health CASCADE study","authors":"Mira Vogelsang ,&nbsp;Lauren McCaffrey ,&nbsp;Gemma C. Ryde ,&nbsp;Maïté Verloigne ,&nbsp;Lea Delfmann ,&nbsp;Philippa M. Dall","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Co-creation offers a promising approach to developing tailored health promotion interventions, but it requires adaptable processes responsive to contextual needs. Formative evaluation supports this adaptability through continuous reflection and informed adaptations. This study examines adaptations through formative evaluation in co-creation processes within and between different workplace contexts to advance the evaluation, transferability, and public health impact of co-creation.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A qualitative study examining adaptations to co-creation processes through thematic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A co-creation process to develop a context-specific solution to reduce workplace sedentary behaviour was implemented in three small-to-medium-sized enterprises (6–8 sessions per company). Data from a pilot session, project meetings, co-creator feedback, and facilitator reflections were systematically linked to the resulting adaptations they informed. Reasons for adaptations were derived through thematic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Adaptations occurred at two stages: planned adaptations, made before implementing the co-creation process, based on pilot data and project meeting logs, and responsive adaptations, made during implementation, informed by co-creator evaluations and facilitator reflections. Three main reasons for adaptations emerged: tailoring to context, enhancing process effectiveness, and fostering engagement.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Formative evaluation is crucial in evaluating co-creation processes. It ensures that these processes remain relevant, effective, and engaging, with skilled facilitators and end-user input being key. Replicating co-creation processes in new contexts requires the documentation of previous adaptations to identify core elements while allowing flexibility. These insights support the design of adaptable, evidence-based co-creation processes and help advance their evaluation and implementation in diverse contexts to develop effective and tailored solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 105853"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a list of chronic conditions using a Delphi method to study multimorbidity in primary care","authors":"Alexandre Malmartel ,&nbsp;Juliette Pinot ,&nbsp;Marie Ecollan ,&nbsp;Nicolas De Chanaud ,&nbsp;Jean-Claude Schwartz ,&nbsp;Stéphanie Sidorkiewicz ,&nbsp;Céline Buffel Du Vaure","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To develop a French-language list of chronic conditions to enable more detailed analyses of multimorbid patients in primary care in subsequent studies.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Delphi study followed by a multicentre cross-sectional study in French general practices.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The list development required a three-step procedure: 1) The development of a preliminary version of the list based on the International Classification of Primary Care-2 (ICPC-2): an expert panel of general practitioners participated in two Delphi rounds to assess the relevance of the items as “chronic conditions”. 2) Testing the list with outpatients consecutively included in general practices. 3) A final Delphi round accounting for the results of the outpatient list experimentation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From the 726 items of the ICPC-2, 383 items were submitted to 12 experts. In the first Delphi round, 126 items were accepted and 81 excluded. During the second, 2 additional items were retained and 86 excluded. Then, the experts selected 22 supplementary items from the 88 remaining, and a preliminary list of 124 items has been established after grouping similar items. During the test phase, 16 physicians and 306 patients rated 98 items as “already listed”, 58 as “unlisted” and 19 as “unsuitable”. During the final Delphi round, the experts selected 11 more items among the unlisted and finalized the list at 135 items.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This list of 135 chronic conditions has been developed with a valid methodology. It is useable by physicians and will allow a more accurate study of multimorbidity in primary care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 105850"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating population mental health effects of the rollout of Universal Credit in the UK using standard and novel Difference-in-Differences analysis, 2009–2019","authors":"M. Marimpi ,&nbsp;B. Barr ,&nbsp;A. Baxter ,&nbsp;S. Hugh-Jones ,&nbsp;D. Taylor-Robinson ,&nbsp;S.V. Katikireddi ,&nbsp;H. Brown ,&nbsp;M. Cheetham ,&nbsp;S. Morris ,&nbsp;L. Munford ,&nbsp;M. Richiardi ,&nbsp;M. Sutton ,&nbsp;C. Bambra ,&nbsp;P. Craig ,&nbsp;S. Wickham","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Universal Credit (UC) was introduced in the UK in April 2013 in selected areas, marking the beginning of its phased rollout. Previous research identifies acute health harms among unemployed people, but the policy's impacts longer-term and on broader claimant groups remain unknown. This study explored UC effects on population mental health for up to four years post-introduction on a larger cohort of claimants, including employed people.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Longitudinal study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study between 2009 and 2019 linking 108,247 observations (29,528 working age participants) to administrative UC Local Authority district data. We compared a UC-eligible population – reporting receipt of either UC or any of six legacy benefits (treatment group) – to individuals receiving alternative benefits (comparison group). We used standard and novel difference-in-differences approaches, exploiting geographical variation of UC rollout, and accounting for heterogeneity in treatment timing, to estimate mental health impacts (SF-12 Mental Component Summary) on average and at different time points post-introduction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>UC was associated with mental health declining by 0·70 units (95 % CI -1·24 to −0·15), a 1·5 % relative reduction. Effects were larger during the first year of exposure (−1·01, 95 % CI -1·93 to −0·10) without returning to baseline levels. Between 2013 and 2019, an estimated 111,954 (95 % CI 35,497 to 182,948) additional people experienced depression and/or anxiety after UC's introduction, 27,115 of whom may have reached diagnostic threshold for common mental disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>UC led to a sustained deterioration in population mental health, particularly marked in the first year of implementation. Reforms to UC are warranted to mitigate adverse mental health impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 105821"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding digital health literacy in Brazil: findings from the eHEALS survey","authors":"Benjamin Miranda Tabak ,&nbsp;Matheus Britto Froner ,&nbsp;Débora Helena Rosa Cardoso ,&nbsp;Laís Almeida da Conceição ,&nbsp;Rubiane Daniele Cardoso de Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess digital health literacy in Brazil using the eHEALS questionnaire and contribute valuable data to the global understanding of how populations assess and use digital health information to manage their health.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Cross-sectional survey.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We administered the eHEALS-Br questionnaire to 401 participants in public high-traffic areas. eHEALS scores were categorized into three levels - inadequate, problematic, and sufficient - with educational adjustments. We used linear regression for data analysis to examine the impact of different sociodemographic aspects on digital health literacy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings reveal differences across gender, economic status, and educational level, which shows how vulnerable groups have lower digital health literacy, which can impact their capacity to manage their health and increase health inequalities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A third of the sample exhibits low digital health literacy, underscoring the need for government interventions and public policies focused on the digital environment to enhance digital health literacy. Adding to the limited research on digital health literacy in Latin America, our study contributes essential data from the Global South, informing international strategies to address health disparities worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Health literacy, perceived stress, and dietary quality among Danish women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus\" [Publ Health, Volume 245, August 2025, 105787 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105787].","authors":"Kamilla Horn Diedrichsen, Majken Lillholm Pico, Elina Sofie Rasmussen, Karoline Kragelund Nielsen, Inger Katrine Dahl-Petersen, Per Ovesen, Peter Damm, Dorte Møller Jensen, Ulla Kampmann, Elisabeth R Mathiesen, Christina Anne Vinter, Helle Terkildsen Maindal","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105854","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"105854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients with non-White ethnicity and from poorer social classes are sicker at initial presentation to hospital with COVID-19 infection","authors":"Colin J. Crooks ,&nbsp;Joe West ,&nbsp;Tasso Gazis ,&nbsp;Jo Morling ,&nbsp;Mark Simmonds ,&nbsp;Irene Juurlink ,&nbsp;Steve Briggs ,&nbsp;Simon Cruickshank ,&nbsp;Susan Hammond-Pears ,&nbsp;Dominick Shaw ,&nbsp;Tim Card ,&nbsp;Andrew W. Fogarty","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals from non-White and with poorer socio-economic status (SES) had higher rates of mortality than their counterparts. The hypothesis that these individuals had more severe respiratory failure at the time of first presentation to hospital was tested.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Observational cross-sectional study using routinely collected physiological measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study population consisted of all individuals admitted to Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust from 1 February 2020 and 31 December 2021. Severity of respiratory failure was measured by the oxygen saturation fraction ratio (SFR, oxygen%/inspired oxygen concentration%).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patients from the areas of highest quintiles of deprivation had an adjusted SFR of 12.6 (95 % confidence intervals [CI]: 7.4 to 17.8) units lower than patients from areas of the lowest deprivation. Patients from an Asian ethnic group has a lower SFR than those from a White ethnic group (−10.9 units; 95 % CI: −19.1 to −2.7). Sensitivity analysis adjusting for the measurement error of pulse oximetry by ethnicity increased this differential for Asian and Black ethnic groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These data suggest that individuals from both non-White ethnic groups and poorer SES are sicker at the time of presentation to hospital with COVID-19 infection. Public health strategies are required to understand these observations and counter them with appropriate interventions. These may vary from proximal factors such as enhanced access to healthcare to more distal ones including building trust in modern medical treatments. These data are from one centre and hence should be interpretated cautiously particular with generalisability to other healthcare settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105851"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144564092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health funding and chlamydia and gonorrhea rates among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada: An interrupted time series study","authors":"Tamneet Kaur-Tiwana ,&nbsp;Naomi Schwartz ,&nbsp;Samantha M. Forbes ,&nbsp;Stephen Hunter ,&nbsp;Dionne Gesink ,&nbsp;Erin Hobin ,&nbsp;Laura N. Anderson ,&nbsp;Steven Rebellato ,&nbsp;Roman Pabayo ,&nbsp;Brendan T. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We estimated the association between local public health infectious and communicable diseases (ICD) funding and chlamydia and gonorrhea trends before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents aged 13–19 in Ontario, Canada.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Quasi-experimental, interrupted time series.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a population-based analysis using repeated cross-sectional data of chlamydia and gonorrhea incidence among adolescents across Ontario's 34 regional public health units from January 2015 to October 2022. We used negative binomial-regression to estimate changes in chlamydia and gonorrhea incidence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether these changes differed by 2019 ICD per capita public health funding.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the study period, there were 51,230 adolescent cases of chlamydia and 5256 of gonorrhea with most cases in females and older adolescents (age 18–19). Pre-pandemic, chlamydia rates increased over time (Risk ratio (RR) = 1.01, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.01, per month). There was an immediate decrease in chlamydia rates post-pandemic onset (RR = 0.26, 95 % CI: 0.12–0.53) though higher rates were observed with increasing 2019 ICD per capita funding (RR = 1.11, 95 % CI: 1.05–1.17, per dollar of ICD per capita funding, post-pandemic onset). Similar trends were observed for gonorrhea, but estimates had lower precision.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Higher pre-pandemic 2019 ICD per capita funding may have allowed greater sexual health screening services during the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially mitigating a larger drop in STI detection. Results suggest that higher public health funding may allow for greater resilience of sexual health services during public health emergencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105845"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the use of supermarket loyalty card data in health research: A scoping review","authors":"R. Burgess ,&nbsp;A. Suhag ,&nbsp;A. Skatova","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>As loyalty cards gain popularity, their role in population health research is expanding. This scoping review examines the use of supermarket loyalty card data for health research, synthesising existing literature to explore: (1) types of loyalty card data analysed, (2) health outcomes studied, and (3) advantages and limitations of loyalty card data.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>We used a scoping review to address the research questions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Scopus) were searched. Studies were included if they used loyalty card data from major supermarkets to investigate health-related outcomes. Two researchers independently screened studies, extracting data on population characteristics, loyalty card and product details, health outcomes, and advantages and limitations. Findings were synthesised using a narrative approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 44 studies using various loyalty schemes. Most studies focused on grocery products, categorised either by pre-defined criteria (e.g., nutritional value) or product groups (e.g., fruit and vegetables). Health outcomes primarily addressed diet and nutrition, with several studies examining interventions and sociodemographic inequalities. Other studies evaluated responses to government campaigns or tracked medication use. Advantages of loyalty cards included large-scale, objective data collection and individual-, household- and population-level insights. Challenges included missing purchasing activity (e.g., from not using a card), difficulties with linking purchases to nutritional information, and the over-representation of certain demographic groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Future research should expand data integration (e.g., linking with health records), explore novel dietary research areas, and refine analytical methodologies (e.g., probabilistic product matching) to maximise the use of loyalty card data in health research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 105848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}