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{"title":"Spatial–temporal analysis of cervical cancer screening and social and health indicators in Brazil","authors":"M.L.S. Gomes ,&nbsp;V.R.F. Cestari ,&nbsp;R.S. Florêncio ,&nbsp;M. Yamamura ,&nbsp;J.O. Santos ,&nbsp;L.B.F. Sales ,&nbsp;R.R. Silva ,&nbsp;M.O.B. Oriá","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify the spatial-temporal patterns of cervical cancer (CC) screening in Brazil from 2013 to 2022 and its relationship with social and health indicators.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>This ecological study uses data from the Cancer Information System (SISCAN) of the Brazilian Unified Health System's Department of Informatics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study analyzed women aged 25 to 64 who underwent CC screening in 5570 municipalities across Brazil. Global Moran's I and the Local Index of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) were employed to investigate clustering. The purely spatial scan statistic technique was used for spatial cluster detection. Temporal trends were assessed using joinpoint regression. GeoDa, SaTScan, GWR, and QGIS software were used for the analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The global clustering analysis of CC screening proportions revealed significant spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I = 0.530). Clusters of municipalities with low screening rates were significantly observed in the Northern (Amapá, Amazonas, Rondônia, Roraima) and Northeastern (Piauí, Pernambuco) regions. The Gini Index (β = −2.60), the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) (β = −10.5), and the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) (β = −9.14) showed negative associations. Conversely, Family Health Strategy (FHS) coverage (β = 2.18) demonstrated a positive impact on screening rates. In terms of temporal trends, the screening proportion gradually increased from 5.4 % in 2014 to 10.5 % in 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Areas with a high risk of low CC screening rates were identified in the Northern and Northeastern regions of Brazil, which are characterized by socioeconomic and demographic disparities, vulnerabilities, and inequalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105747"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problem gambling in the crypto era: A study of gambling motivations and cognitive distortions amongst cryptocurrency traders","authors":"T. Xu ,&nbsp;J.B. Grubbs ,&nbsp;S.W. Kraus","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The rise of cryptocurrency trading has sparked global interest and raised concerns about its potential links to problematic gambling behaviours. This study examined the prevalence of problematic gambling amongst cryptocurrency traders and identified psychological predictors, focusing on gambling motivations and cognitive distortions.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Cross-sectional survey study using YouGov Opinion Polling's sample-matching methodology.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A sample of 700 cryptocurrency traders was drawn from a larger behavioural addiction project (<em>N</em> = 4363). Participants completed the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), Gambling Motives Questionnaire-Financial (GMQ-F), and Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS). Analyses included chi-square tests, one-way ANOVAs with Tukey's post-hoc tests, and multinomial logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Problematic gambling was identified in 33.7 % of traders, with 33.9 % classified as at-risk gambling and 32.4 % as non-problematic gambling. Enhancement motivation (OR = 1.60, 95 % CI [1.10, 2.34]) and interpretative bias (OR = 1.38, 95 % CI [1.06, 1.81]) positively predicted at-risk gambling, whereas social motivation showed protective effects (OR = 0.61, 95 % CI [0.41, 0.91]). Coping motivation strongly predicted problematic gambling (OR = 4.47, 95 % CI [2.28, 8.78]), as did inability to stop gambling (OR = 3.18, 95 % CI [2.22, 4.54]). Age was negatively associated with problematic gambling (OR = 0.94, 95 % CI [0.91, 0.97]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings reveal high rates of problematic gambling amongst cryptocurrency traders, with distinct motivational and cognitive predictors at different risk levels. Results suggest the need for targeted educational programmes and intervention strategies tailored to address specific risk factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 105741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI and omics technologies in biobanking: Applications and challenges for public health","authors":"Pedro Venturini ,&nbsp;Paula Lobato Faria ,&nbsp;João V. Cordeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Considering the growing intersection of biobanks, artificial intelligence (AI) and omics research, and their critical impact on public health, this study aimed to explore the current and future public health implications and challenges of AI and omics-driven innovations in biobanking.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Narrative literature review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A structured literature search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and IEEExplore databases using relevant search terms. Additional references were identified through backward and forward citation chaining. Key themes were aggregated and analysed through thematic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-seven studies were selected for analysis, leading to the identification and categorisation of key developments. Several key technical, ethical and implementation challenges were also identified, including AI model selection, data accessibility, variability and quality issues, lack of robust and standardised validation methods, explainability, accountability, lack of transparency, algorithmic bias, privacy, security and fairness issues, and governance model selection. Based on these results, potential future scenarios of AI and omics integration in biobanking and their related public health implications were considered.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While AI and omics-driven innovations in biobanking offer specific transformative public health benefits, addressing their technical, ethical and implementation challenges is crucial. Robust regulatory frameworks, feasible governance models, access to quality data, interdisciplinary collaboration, and transparent and validated AI systems are essential to maximise benefits and mitigate risks. Further research and policy development are needed to support the responsible integration of these technologies in biobanking and public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105726"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy loss <28 weeks gestation in maternal influenza and COVID-19 vaccination studies: a review of data sources, 2009–2024","authors":"Alexa Dakiniewich,&nbsp;Sarah Graham,&nbsp;Amalie Dyda,&nbsp;Lisa McHugh","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To address gaps in maternal vaccination and pregnancy loss research, large, complex datasets are needed. We aimed to identify and evaluate data sources and data collection methods currently used to capture pregnancy losses &lt;28 weeks following maternal influenza and COVID-19 vaccination research.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Narrative Review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to identify studies that investigated pregnancy loss &lt;28 gestational weeks following influenza and COVID-19 vaccinations from January 1st^, 2009, to March 19th^, 2024. Within the resulting studies, the data source(s) used to capture exposure and outcome data were identified and categorised. The capacity to capture and measure exposures, outcomes, and missing data within categories was investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>28 articles met the inclusion criteria, representing 1,113,878 participants. Most articles (n = 19) used multiple data sources within the one study, often obtaining exposure and outcome data from separate data sources. Categories of data sources included: registries, adverse reporting systems, medical records, and survey or interview methods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Current data collection practices and existing data sources are adversely impacting data quality, and the ability to combine large datasets necessary for analysing early pregnancy loss risk factors. This also hinders our ability to evaluate the safety of early maternal vaccination and subsequent miscarriage. Establishing pregnancy loss registries using standardised data collection and coding practices, consistent terminology, and accurate exposure and outcome timing is critical. In the absence of registries, we propose an alternative source to capture both pregnancy loss and maternal vaccination data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105733"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlates of the sexual and reproductive health service utilization among older people living with HIV in China: Findings from the sexual well-being (SWELL) Study","authors":"Xin Peng ,&nbsp;Xinyi Li ,&nbsp;Bingyi Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Xu ,&nbsp;Yong Lu ,&nbsp;Bingyu Liang ,&nbsp;Lin Ouyang ,&nbsp;Guohui Wu ,&nbsp;Maohe Yu ,&nbsp;Jiewei Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaopei Shen ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Meng ,&nbsp;Siyang Liu ,&nbsp;Yong Cai ,&nbsp;Huachun Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is vital to personal overall well-being, this study aims to explore the SRH service utilization and its correlates among older people living with HIV (PLHIV) in China.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional study to collect data from older PLHIV aged 50 and above in HIV/AIDS treatment hospitals in China. SRH services included reproductive health examination, STI testing, sexual life counseling, and cervical cancer screening. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the correlates of SRH service utilization (four dichotomous outcome variables).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>680 older PLHIV (500 males and 180 females) were enrolled. The mean age was 60.3 ± 7.8 years. 18.2 % of participants received a reproductive health examination, 9.0 % received STI testing, 36.1 % sought sexual life counseling, and 36.1 % of females had screened for cervical cancer. Females (aOR = 3.26, 95 %CI: 1.89–5.60), those with higher education (2.15, 1.11–4.15), higher income (2.08, 1.24–3.50), and a physical health condition (2.11, 1.14–3.90) were more likely to have received a reproductive health examination. Individuals who were employed (2.05, 1.05–3.97), had a physical health condition (2.91, 1.39–6.00), identified as homosexual (2.17, 1.06–4.47), or reported sexual desire (2.14, 1.01–4.66) were more likely to have received STI testing Living in urban areas (4.33,1.89–9.92), higher education (3.71, 1.20–11.45), depression (4.13, 1.82–9.37), bisexual orientation (2.80, 1.23–6.36), and sexual satisfaction (2.64, 1.22–5.72) were positively significantly associated with seeking sexual life counseling. Those with higher education (5.79, 2.00–16.70), higher income (3.98, 1.24–12.76), and a physical health condition (13.91, 2.89–66.92) were more likely to have screened for cervical cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Improving the SRH messages and services tailored for older PLHIV may be conducive to improving their utilization of SRH services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105729"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pandemic preparedness and response priorities in Latin America: A regional Delphi consensus","authors":"César Arturo Méndez Lizárraga ,&nbsp;Ruben Armas-González ,&nbsp;Steev Loyola ,&nbsp;Alfredo Bruno ,&nbsp;Victoria Pando-Robles ,&nbsp;Julián Alfredo Fernández-Niño ,&nbsp;Reynaldo Flores Muñoz ,&nbsp;Josefina Coloma ,&nbsp;Andrés G. Lescano ,&nbsp;Enrique Bravo-García ,&nbsp;Patricia J. García ,&nbsp;Juan Garza ,&nbsp;Esbeydy Pardo ,&nbsp;Susie Welty ,&nbsp;Solange Madriz ,&nbsp;Michael J.A. Reid ,&nbsp;Jaime Sepúlveda","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response issued a series of recommendations for future pandemic preparedness and response. Latin America's COVID-19-related deaths represented 25 % of the global demises, despite harboring less than 8 % of the world's population. As little data exists to support whether the Panel's recommendations reflect public health professionals' priorities in the region the study aimed to define these priorities utilizing a Delphi study.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A consensus-building modified Delphi technique.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>For the first two rounds, participants were asked to rank a list of topics across seven domains on a 4-point Likert scale. Topics voted by at least 75 % of participants in either round as very important were included in the final round. Participants ranked the topics from each of the seven domains in numeric order to define top priorities.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 115 responses were obtained across three rounds. Most respondents were involved in direct efforts against COVID-19 (75·0–86·%) and a considerable proportion had more than 16 years of public health experience (37·3–50·0 %). The top priority issues were zoonotic disease-pathogen surveillance systems (27·4 points), robust infection and prevention control programs (22·8 points), and indicator and event-based monitoring and reporting systems (22·1 points).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Establishing priorities for future pandemics is critical to ensure better health outcomes. The region should strengthen collaboration and enhance its capacities while conducting country-level analysis and defining priorities for future arrangements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 105602"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual and joint associations of socioeconomic inequalities and unhealthy lifestyle with incident gastric cancer: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Xiang Wang ,&nbsp;Shangxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuqiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Shiyin Meng ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuoyi Wu ,&nbsp;Jing Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant public health challenge, with accumulating evidence indicating an association between socioeconomic status (SES) and GC risk. This study aimed to examine the independent and synergistic effects of SES and lifestyle on GC incidence within a large prospective cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were analysed from 349,908 UK Biobank participants using latent class analysis to determine SES (household income, education, employment). Lifestyle was assessed based on smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index and diet. Multivariable Cox regression tested associations between SES, lifestyle and GC, with mediation and interaction analyses used to explore their relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SES was significantly associated with GC risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.35, 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.20–1.52). An unhealthy lifestyle was also linked to increased GC risk (HR = 1.48, 95 % CI, 1.30–1.68). Individuals with low SES and an unhealthy lifestyle had a 195 % higher risk of GC compared to those with high SES and a healthy lifestyle (HR = 2.95, 95 % CI, 2.11–4.11). Mediation analysis indicated that 5.26 % of the SES-GC risk association was mediated by lifestyle factors. No significant interaction between SES and lifestyle was observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Low SES was related to an increased risk of GC, some of which may be mediated by unhealthy lifestyle. Public health initiatives should focus on addressing socioeconomic disparities and improving lifestyle factors to reduce GC incidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105730"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Violent victimization trajectories over the life course and past year dental care use in adulthood in the United States","authors":"Alexander Testa ,&nbsp;Luis Mijares ,&nbsp;Dylan B. Jackson ,&nbsp;Daniel Semenza ,&nbsp;Richard Stansfield ,&nbsp;Ian Silver ,&nbsp;Rahma Mungia","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Exposure to violence has been linked to poorer health outcomes and reduced healthcare utilization. Yet research has not assessed how patterns of violent victimization over the life course are associated with dental care use. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the relationship between violent victimization trajectories from adolescence to adulthood and dental care use in adulthood.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data are from respondents who participated in Waves I-V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Years 1994–2018; ages 11–43; <em>n</em> = 5847). Group-based trajectory models (GBTM) identified patterns of violent victimization from adolescence to adulthood, and multiple logistic regression explored the association between these trajectories and past year dental care use at Wave V, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four victimization trajectories were identified: No victimization, intermediate low victimization, adolescent limited victimization, and chronic victimization. Past year dental care use was highest among those with no victimization (66.9 %) and lowest among those with chronic victimization (49.5 %). Relative to the trajectory of no violent victimization, all other victimization trajectory groups that experienced violent victimization at any point during the life course had significantly lower odds of dental care use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Violent victimization across the life course is associated with reduced dental care utilization in adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of exposure to violence and risk of hypertension: Systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Nikhil Sharma ,&nbsp;Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib ,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar Balaraman ,&nbsp;Roopashree R ,&nbsp;Mandeep Kaur ,&nbsp;Manish Srivastava ,&nbsp;Amit Barwal ,&nbsp;G. V. Siva Prasad ,&nbsp;Pranchal Rajput ,&nbsp;Rukshar Syed ,&nbsp;Gajendra Sharma ,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar ,&nbsp;Mahendra Pratap Singh ,&nbsp;Ganesh Bushi ,&nbsp;Nagavalli Chilakam ,&nbsp;Sakshi Pandey ,&nbsp;Manvinder Brar ,&nbsp;Rachana Mehta ,&nbsp;Sanjit Sah ,&nbsp;Abhay M. Gaidhane ,&nbsp;Shailesh Kumar Samal","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Hypertension is a major global health issue contributing to cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney failure. While traditional risk factors like age, diet, and genetics are well-known, the role of psychosocial stressors such as exposure to violence in hypertension development is less explored. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the association between exposure to violence and the risk of hypertension.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Systematic review and meta analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search of Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase was conducted up to October 5, 2024. Studies reporting physical, sexual, and intimate partner violence (IPV) and their association with hypertension risk were included. A meta-analysis using random-effects models calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs), using R software (V 4.4).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 564 articles screened, 11 studies with a total of 153,320 participants were included. The meta-analysis showed that individuals exposed to any violence had a 30.3 % increased risk of hypertension (OR: 1.303, 95 % CI: 1.200–1.416). Significant associations were found for physical violence (OR: 1.311, 95 % CI: 1.058–1.625) and sexual violence (OR: 1.412, 95 % CI: 1.239–1.609), while IPV showed a non-significant association (OR: 1.143, 95 % CI: 0.971–1.345). Heterogeneity was low (I² = 0 %), with no evidence of publication bias.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This review provides evidence that exposure to violence increases the risk of hypertension, indicating the importance of addressing violence as a public health issue. Healthcare providers should screen for violence history in hypertension management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105722"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the mapping of leisure-time physical activity inequities: the use of artificial intelligence to advance estimates of small-areas in Brazil","authors":"Thania Mara Teixeira Rezende Faria ,&nbsp;Marisa Affonso Vasconcelos ,&nbsp;Regina Tomie Ivata Bernal ,&nbsp;Gregore Iven Mielke ,&nbsp;Juliana Bottoni de Souza ,&nbsp;Crizian Saar Gomes ,&nbsp;Marcos André Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Jussara Marques de Almeida ,&nbsp;Deborah Carvalho Malta","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We estimated the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in small areas of the city of Belo Horizonte and analyzed inequities across areas and between two time periods, 2009–2013 and 2014–2018.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Small area estimation using clustered data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases (Vigitel) between 2009 and 2018 for the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, were used. Firstly, interviews were georeferenced (n = 16,019) in the census tracts (3,830) of the city. Secondly, the socioeconomic and sanitation components of a Health Vulnerability Index (IVH), indicator used to classify census tracts, served as input variables for a k-means clustering technique to group the tracts in smaller areas of higher homogeneity in relation to IVS components. Lastly, direct estimation of LTPA prevalence was obtained in each cluster by applying post-stratification weights to sample. Absolute and relative differences were calculated between periods and prevalence differences between clusters to analyze inequalities.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nine clusters were found. LTPA prevalence ranged from 23.70 % in a very high-risk cluster to 45.55 % in a low-risk cluster during the 2009–2013 period, and from 31.44 % in a high-risk cluster to 52.81 % in a low-risk cluster from 2014 to 2018. Reducing inequities were observed among the more disadvantaged clusters, but it remained persistently large between the lowest and highest vulnerability groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Small area estimates are an advantage for a more accurate level of health surveillance. Different machine learning methods are encouraged to provide information for more tailored interventions at local level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105727"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}