Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Preconception care interventions among adolescents and young adults to prevent adverse maternal, perinatal and child health outcomes: An evidence gap map","authors":"Zahra Ali Padhani ,&nbsp;Komal Abdul Rahim ,&nbsp;Jodie C. Avery ,&nbsp;Gizachew A. Tessema ,&nbsp;Patience Castleton ,&nbsp;Saba Nisa ,&nbsp;Negin Mirzaei Damabi ,&nbsp;Jacqueline A. Boyle ,&nbsp;Rehana A. Salam ,&nbsp;Salima Meherali ,&nbsp;Zohra S. Lassi","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify gaps in existing evidence on preconception health interventions to improve the health outcomes of adolescents, young adults, and their offspring.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Evidence gap map (EGM)</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following the Campbell guidelines, we included reviews and interventional studies identified through searches on Medline and other electronic databases from 2010 to July 18th, 2023. Dual screening of titles/abstracts and full texts was conducted on Covidence software, followed by quality assessment and development of 2D-EGM using the EPPI-Reviewer and Mapper software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 18 studies (124 papers) were identified, of which most of the studies were from higher- and upper-middle-income countries, with limited evidence from low-middle-income countries. More than half focused on females with limited evidence on men. The monitoring of adverse events of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was the most well-evidenced area, with very little evidence on the herpes simplex virus candidate vaccine and other behavioural interventions. Perinatal outcomes were the most frequently reported outcomes followed by maternal and child health outcomes. Healthcare facilities (mostly clinical trials) were the most utilised delivery platforms, with limited or no evidence on communities, schools, and digital platforms. The overall quality of the systematic reviews was moderate while most of the trials had some concerns.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study highlights a well-evidenced area in the safety of HPV vaccination with significant gaps in research on other key health interventions, particularly in non-healthcare settings. EGM suggests further research to evaluate the effectiveness of a broad range of preconception interventions, among adolescents and youth for improving long-term health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"239 ","pages":"Pages 37-47"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142910972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood maltreatment and its dose-response relation with non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: The mediating role of mobile phone addiction","authors":"Jie Hu,&nbsp;Chang Peng,&nbsp;Zixuan Xu,&nbsp;Junhan Cheng,&nbsp;Fajuan Rong,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Nan Zhang,&nbsp;Meiqi Guan,&nbsp;Yizhen Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The associations between childhood maltreatment (CM) and mobile phone addiction (MPA), as well as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) have been extensively explored. However, the dose-response relationship between CM and NSSI remains inconsistent. Furthermore, there is limited understanding of the potential mediation effect of MPA on the relationship between CM and NSSI. This study aimed to explore the dose-response relationship between CM and NSSI and investigate the potential mediating role of MPA in this relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study. Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In the cross-sectional study, a total of 21481 adolescents were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method in China. CM, MPA, and NSSI were obtained via self-reports. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline (RCS) functions, and mediation models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 38.1 % of adolescents reported engaging in NSSI at least once. Compared with participants without CM, participants with more types of CM (cumulative childhood maltreatment, CCM) had a higher risk of NSSI (<em>P</em>-trend in all models &lt;0.001). RCS further confirmed the dose-response relationships between the continuous change in CM (scores) and the risk of NSSI (<em>P</em> for non-linearity &lt;0.001). Mediation analysis indicated that the relationship between CM (scores) and NSSI was mediated by MPA, and the indirect effect (<em>β</em> = 1.07 × 10⁻³, 95 % <em>CI</em>: 9.62 × 10⁻⁴, 1.19 × 10⁻³) accounted for 22.23 % of the total effect.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There was a dose-response relationship between CM and the NSSI, and the relationship was mediated by MPA. Interventions targeting MPA may reduce the risk of NSSI among adolescents who have experienced CM, particularly those with CCM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"239 ","pages":"Pages 48-54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of short-term exposure to air pollution on the admission of ischemic stroke and its interaction with meteorological factors","authors":"Kailun Pan ,&nbsp;Fen Lin ,&nbsp;Kai Huang ,&nbsp;Songbing Zeng ,&nbsp;Mingwei Guo ,&nbsp;Jie Cao ,&nbsp;Haifa Dong ,&nbsp;Jianing Wei ,&nbsp;Qiujiang Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to investigate the associations, potential effects, and interactions between short-term exposure to air pollution and the risk of ischemic stroke (IS).</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>An ecological study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Daily data on IS incidents, air pollution, and meteorological conditions were collected from 2017 to 2021 in Gannan. A time-stratified case-crossover design, combined with a distributional lag nonlinear model, was employed to analyze the relationship between air pollution exposure and the admission of IS. Additionally, the interaction between air pollutants and meteorological factors was examined using bivariate response surface modeling. The study also conducted stratified analyses based on gender, age, marital status, medical insurance purchase status, and season of admission.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the single lag day structure, extremely low levels of PM2.5 (RR = 1.11, 95 % CI: 1.03–1.20) and PM10 (RR = 1.10, 95 % CI: 1.02–1.20) peaked on lag 3. Conversely, extremely high levels of NO2 (RR = 1.05, 95 % CI: 1.01–1.10), CO (RR = 1.19, 95 % CI: 1.03–1.37), and extremely low levels of O3 (RR = 1.09, 95 % CI: 1.01–1.19) exhibited a greater relative risk on lag 4. In the cumulative lag-day structure, extremely high levels of NO2 exhibited the most significant hazard effect at lag 05 (RR = 1.27, 95 % CI: 1.01–1.52), while extremely low levels of CO at lag 02 (RR = 1.15, 95 % CI: 1.05–1.24) and extremely low levels of O3 at lag 01 (RR = 1.20, 95 % CI: 1.04–1.40) also demonstrated notable associations. In the subgroup stratum, the association between air pollution and IS was found to be more significant in patients who were male, aged &lt;65 years, married, had medical insurance, and were admitted during the cold season. The lowest number of IS hospitalisations occurred under low relative humidity conditions alongside increasing concentrations of CO.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Short-term exposure to air pollution was positively associated with an increased risk of IS. This association was influenced by factors such as being male, aged &lt;65 years, married, having medical insurance, and admissions during the cold season. Additionally, an interaction was observed between air pollutants and meteorological factors. These findings carry significant public health implications for the prevention of IS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"239 ","pages":"Pages 103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and determinants of low birth weight in Ethiopia: A multilevel meta-analysis and systematic review","authors":"Samuel Derbie Habtegiorgis ,&nbsp;Lake Kumlachew ,&nbsp;Adane Tesfaye ,&nbsp;Molla Azmeraw ,&nbsp;Eyerus Tesfaw ,&nbsp;Animut Takele Telayneh ,&nbsp;Adane Adugna ,&nbsp;Friehiwot Molla ,&nbsp;Molla Yigzaw Birhanu ,&nbsp;Kalkidan Worku Mitiku","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong><em>Objectives:</em></strong> Worldwide in 2015, approximately 20.5 million infants were born underweight, with Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia bearing the highest burden. Numerous studies have investigated low birth weight (LBW) and its contributing factors in Ethiopia, enlightening notable variations in reported prevalence and associated factors. The goal of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of LBW and identify determinants using a multilevel meta-analytic approach.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A multilevel meta-analysis was conducted with R (version 4.4.0) using the <em>metafor</em> package.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched the PubMed/MedLine, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases from January 2018 to May 2024. multilevel random effects model, with the restricted maximum likelihood method used by accounting for the nested structure of the data, with studies nested within clusters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The pooled proportion of low birth weight based on the three-level meta-analysis model was 0.36 (95%CI: 0.32–0.39; p &lt; 0.0001). The estimated variance components were Level₃ = 5.13 % and Level₂ = 92.30 %. Subgroup analyses were done based on different factors. However, there is no significant difference between groups.</div><div>maternal age (OR: 2.46; 95 % CI: 1.96 to 3.09), AnteNatal Care follow-up (OR: 3.00; 95 % CI: 1.86 to 4.84), Gestational Age (OR: 9.68; 95 % CI: 5.88 to 15.94), Birth Interval (OR: 3.97; 95 % CI: 1.13 to 13.97), Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (OR: 2.83; 95 % CI: 1.34 to 5.97), and maternal anaemic status (OR: 3.32 95 % CI: 1.14 to 9.69) were the possible factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study found a 36 % double arcsin transformed proportion of low birth weight, with significant factors including maternal age, ANC follow-up, gestational age, birth interval, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and maternal anaemia. Interventions like promoting a good diet, sufficient antenatal care, and maintaining a clean environment are needed to meet global nutrition goals by 2025.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"239 ","pages":"Pages 215-223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of dog bite and strike related hospital admissions in Scotland, 1997 to 2022","authors":"A.E. Taylor ,&nbsp;O. Ogharanduku ,&nbsp;J. Connor ,&nbsp;S. Bridgman","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To describe the epidemiology of dog-related injuries leading to hospital admission in Scotland and to estimate the direct health care costs.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A retrospective, longitudinal analysis of Scottish hospital admissions coded under the W54 ICD-10 code ‘bitten or struck by dog’, 1997–2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Hospital admissions episodes coded under W54 were extracted from the SMR1/01 dataset. Descriptive analyses were performed. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated using negative binomial distribution. Direct NHS health cost estimates were calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Incidence of dog bite and strike related admissions near tripled between 1997 and 2022, from 5.9 to 17.2 per 100,000 population with an annual IRR of 1.047 (P &lt; 0.001). Incidence has risen most steeply in adults, with all age groups over 15 years having an IRR between 1.040 and 1.065 (P &lt; 0.001). Incidence of overnight admissions doubled, and zero-day admissions increased by five times. Hospital admissions were 2.4 times higher in the most deprived quintile compared to the least deprived. Setting of bite was not consistently recorded, but young age groups were more likely to have the home setting recorded. Admissions related to dog bites or strikes resulted in an estimated £28.6 million of direct health care costs, from the admission alone, over the 25-year period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Dog bites and strikes can be devastating injuries. Unfortunately, over the last 25 years there has been a steep rise in incidence in Scotland, despite attempts at control through legislation. Further work to better understand the health and wider costs of these injuries, the epidemiology to inform preventative interventions, and improved co-ordination through inter-sectoral collaboration is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"239 ","pages":"Pages 142-148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appraisal of World Health Organization guidelines for priority infectious diseases with potential to cause public health emergencies","authors":"Amin Sharifan ,&nbsp;Hebatullah Abdulazeem ,&nbsp;Rehab Meckawy ,&nbsp;Martial Sonkoue Pianta ,&nbsp;Maya Magdy Abdelwahab ,&nbsp;Ayush Halder ,&nbsp;Tiffany Gust Duque","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.01.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To map and assess the quality of guidelines developed by or in partnership with the WHO on infectious diseases with a high risk of causing public health emergencies.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Cross-sectional audit study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A search of the WHO website and MAGICapp was conducted to identify guidelines on treatment, management, diagnosis, prevention, and surveillance of the WHO's priority list of diseases. When these sources yielded no results, the AI search engine Perplexity was used to expand the search for locally developed WHO partner guidelines. Eligible guidelines were evaluated by three to four appraisers using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the thirty-three guidelines assessed, 73 % were developed by the WHO and 27 % were in partnership with external organisations. Guidelines scored highest in clarity of presentation (73.71 %) but were weakest in editorial independence (26.63 %) and rigour of development (30.05 %). Thirteen guidelines (40 %) were suitable for practical use, with high scores in scope, rigour, and clarity. Fourteen (42 %) were recommended for clinical use with modifications due to insufficient rigour, stakeholder involvement, or editorial independence, whilst six (18 %) were not recommended because of significant methodological flaws. Furthermore, WHO's sole-produced guidelines had higher quality than those developed with external collaborators, except for one partnership. Moreover, no WHO guidelines were found for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, Nipah and henipaviral diseases, and SARS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The rigour of development and editorial independence of WHO-supported guidelines require improvement, particularly for diseases where comprehensive guidelines are lacking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"240 ","pages":"Pages 112-118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the relationship between diabetes mellitus and dental caries among US adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2020","authors":"Vahan Boyajyan ,&nbsp;Usama Bilal","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess the relationship between diabetes prevalence and dental caries experience among a representative sample of US adults.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data on participants 25 years and older with complete data from the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles in 2013–2020. We defined diabetes prevalence using glycohemoglobin and self-reported diabetes. Dental caries was operationalized using the decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) score from a standardized dental examination. We used Poisson models to examine adjusted associations with dental caries experience or the DMFT score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found a dose-response association between diabetes prevalence and DMFT score (RR = 1.017, 95 % CI: 0.994–1.041 for prediabetes and RR = 1.045, 95 % CI: 1.017–1.074 for diabetes) after adjusting for age, sex, race, education, family income to poverty ratio, smoking status, body weight and last dental visit.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Diabetes prevalence was associated with higher dental caries experience. Future studies should examine the mechanism and interventions to ameliorate this association.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"239 ","pages":"Pages 77-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causes and risk factors for stillbirth in India: A systematic review protocol","authors":"N. Siva ,&nbsp;Baby S. Nayak ,&nbsp;Arpita Roy ,&nbsp;Leslie Edward S Lewis ,&nbsp;Shyamala G ,&nbsp;Judith Angelita Noronha ,&nbsp;Vasudeva Guddattu","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Stillbirths, the tragic loss of a baby before or during delivery, presents a profound global health concern. Investigating the diverse causes and risk factors is essential to develop targeted interventions, enhance perinatal care, and reduce the incidence of this devastating outcome. The aim of this study was to identify the causes and possible risk factors of stillbirths in India.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>The study design is a protocol for systematic review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This systematic review will include all types of observational studies, such a cross-sectional surveys, descriptive studies, cohort studies and case-control studies from India. Studies will be retrieved from global databases like CINAHL, Medline through PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ProQuest Medical Library, Microsoft Academia, DOAJ, and Indian databases like Indian Citation Index, J-Gate, and Neonatal Database using database-specific keywords. Additionally, online hand searching will be done on the websites of the relevant Indian institutions. Primary studies’ reference lists will be scrutinized for additional references if required. Two review authors (SN &amp; AR) will independently screen, extract data, and critically appraise included studies. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist will be used to identify the quality and risk of bias of included studies. Any disagreements will be resolved in consultation with a third reviewer (BSN).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results will be reported as per the PRISMA guidelines. This systematic review will.</div><div>identify and highlight the causes and potential risk factors of stillbirths in India, which will guide the healthcare team in planning and developing a standard protocol and policies to promote successful antenatal care, implement effective early interventions, and improve access to quality healthcare to reduce stillbirth rates in institutional, rural, and underserved areas as per the Indian healthcare system.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings on causes and risk factors for stillbirth in India address a crucial gap in th literature and allow us to prepare a foundation for targeted interventions and policy recommendations in the healthcare system trajectory. <strong>Protocol registration:</strong> The Protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic reviews PROSPERO (CRD - 42024506186).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"239 ","pages":"Pages 32-36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases in US adults with newly diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes, 1988–2020","authors":"Shuxiao Shi ,&nbsp;Feng Zhou ,&nbsp;Jie Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Early detection and timely management of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) in diabetes are critical for preventing vascular complications and premature mortality. However, the prevalence of CMDs over time in adults with newly diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes is unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Included were US adults aged ≥20 years with newly diagnosed diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 1988–2020. CMDs included obesity, severe obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Poisson regressions were used to assess trends in the prevalence of CMDs and to compare the prevalence between newly diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For both diabetes phenotypes in 1988–2020, the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity increased and CKD decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The prevalence of dyslipidemia decreased and MAFLD increased in undiagnosed diabetes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In 2011–2020, the prevalence of CMDs ranged from 14.3 % for CVD to 78.6 % for dyslipidemia. No significant difference in the prevalence of all CMDs between the 2 diabetes phenotypes was observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The prevalence of CMDs remained high in US adults with newly diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes during the previous 3 decades, with no significant difference in the prevalence between the 2 diabetes phenotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"239 ","pages":"Pages 94-102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of zero-risk transmission of HIV in the era of antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review and meta-analyses","authors":"Emma Grundtvig Gram ,&nbsp;Ida Ege Biering ,&nbsp;Ole Olsen ,&nbsp;Gregers Jacob Gram","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review aimed to assess the evidence on sexual transmission of HIV in high-income settings between serodiscordant couples where the index partner infected with HIV is on antiretroviral therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Systematic review and meta-analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a systematic search in four databases: Embase, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science on September 24, 2022. We assessed the risk of bias with ROBINS-I and pooled estimates in meta-analyses using a Poisson regression model with a random effect of the study and population size. The study protocol was pre-registered at PROSPERO. The study involved high-income countries.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The search identified 6886 studies, of which six were included for review. Altogether, studies reported zero linked transmissions among 2383 couples, more than 160,000 acts of intercourse, and 3578 couple years. The risk estimate from overall meta-analyses was 0.000 95%CI (0.000–0.103) per 100 couple-years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analyses provide epidemiological evidence for a low risk of HIV transmission under antiretroviral therapy in high-income countries and thus cannot reject the theoretical \"treatment as prevention\" paradigm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"239 ","pages":"Pages 149-155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}