Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Not all traders gamble, but some gamblers trade: a latent class analysis of trading and gambling behaviors among retail investors","authors":"Ainhoa Coloma-Carmona ,&nbsp;José Luis Carballo ,&nbsp;Fernando Miró-Llinares ,&nbsp;Jesús C. Aguerri","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to identify subgroups of retail investors based on their engagement in trading and gambling activities, and to examine differences in involvement, demographics, substance use, impulsivity, cognitive biases, problem gambling, and disordered trading.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Cross-sectional, population-based study using panel data. Quota sampling and post-stratification weights were applied using data from a prior population-based random digital dial telephone survey.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were collected from 1,429 Spanish adults (aged 18–64). Participants reported involvement in trading of 8 financial instruments (e.g., cryptocurrencies, stocks, ETFs) and 12 gambling (e.g., lotteries, sports betting) and gambling-like activities (e.g., loot boxes, skin betting). 28.6 % of respondents engaged in non-professional trading.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Using weighted latent class analysis we identified three distinct subgroups of retail investors: <em>crypto-traders</em> (52.4 %), focused on cryptocurrency trading with minimal gambling; <em>stock-traders</em> (32 %), involved in stocks/ETFs and lotteries, and <em>gambling-traders</em> (15.6 %), heavily involved in high-risk trading and various gambling activities. Although <em>gambling-traders</em> were not the highest investors in terms of trading volume, this class exhibited the highest frequency of trading and gambling, impulsivity, gambling-related cognitive biases, rates of disordered trading, and illicit substance use. 24.9 % of <em>gambling-traders</em> scored for problem gambling (PGSI≥8), compared to 0.5 % of <em>crypto-traders</em> and 3.5 % of <em>stock-traders</em>. <strong>Conclusions</strong>: Not all retail investors seem to extend their gambling behaviors to financial markets; however, those with higher impulsive traits and gambling-related cognitive biases tend to combine trading with gambling. This combination is strongly associated with problem gambling and disordered trading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 105742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of anxiety and associated factors among pregnant women in East Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis, 2023","authors":"Selam Yibeltal Desalegn ,&nbsp;Asres Eshetie Feleke ,&nbsp;Betelhem Fekadu Germame ,&nbsp;Alemtsehay Wossen Samuel","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This review aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety among pregnant women in East Africa. Additionally, the review seeks to identify the associated risk factors contributing to anxiety during pregnancy within this region.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A systematic review and meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to examine anxiety among pregnant women in East Africa. PubMed, HINARI, Google scholar, and direct Google were searched to retrieve relevant studies. The pooled magnitude of anxiety during pregnancy was estimated using DerSimonian and Laird's random-effects model. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines were used. Data were extracted in Microsoft Excel sheet and STATA/SE 17 was used for meta-analysis. Using Q and the I² test, heterogeneity among the studies was assessed. Funnel plot and Egger's test were used to test the small study effect.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 64 studies were initially identified and evaluated. Of these, ten eligible articles with 4023 participants were included. The overall pooled prevalence of anxiety in East Africa was 29 % (95 % CI; 17 %–40 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This review demonstrated the high prevalence of anxiety during pregnancy among East African women. and it was significantly associated with having intimate partner violence, primary education status, having unwanted pregnancy, unmarried marital status, poor social support, history of depression, and prim gravidity. It is highly recommended that mental health and maternity services be integrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 105759"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive exploration of the impact and contribution of polygenic risk score on age at onset of 30 complex diseases","authors":"Yuxin Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Yan ,&nbsp;Yuchen Jiang ,&nbsp;Xinyi Wang ,&nbsp;Hua Lin ,&nbsp;Keying Chen ,&nbsp;Shuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Fengjun Guan ,&nbsp;Pan Zhang ,&nbsp;Ting Wang ,&nbsp;Ke Wang ,&nbsp;Chu Zheng ,&nbsp;Yue Xu ,&nbsp;Ping Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Polygenic risk score (PRS) has increasingly shown promise in predicting disease risk; however, studies examining the influence of PRS on age at onset remain limited. This study aimed to systematically assess the impact of PRS on age at onset across multiple diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Prospective cohort study</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We calculated PRS with two methods (C+T and PRS-CS) and compared their predictive capability in age at onset of 30 diseases in the UK Biobank. We next evaluated the effect of PRS on age at onset and quantified the influence of PRS on disease risk across early and late onset cases.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PRS-CS behaved better in predicting age at onset of most diseases (except for Alzheimer's disease) compared to C+T. Higher PRS was associated with earlier age at onset for 23 diseases, with the average age at onset advanced by 1.94 years. Compared to women, men faced an advanced onset for 5 diseases. Compared to average PRS (20–80 %), individuals in the top 2.5 % of the PRS distribution displayed a significantly earlier age at onset for 19 diseases, ranging from 2.85 (1.68–4.03) years advancement for gout to 13.70 (9.88–17.52) years advancement for Crohn's disease. Compared to the late-onset group, the early-onset group exhibited a greater onset risk in 21 diseases, with the early-onset risk of colon cancer being 2.78-fold higher than the late-onset risk (OR = 11.42 [9.77–12.45] vs. 3.95 [3.85–4.06], <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher PRS generally leads to earlier age at onset, which supports the potential role of PRS in screening high early-onset risk individuals susceptible to chronic diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 105754"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving care pathways through evidence-based modeling strategies: a scoping review","authors":"Benjamin du Sartz de Vigneulles ,&nbsp;Romain Lan ,&nbsp;Gérard Mick ,&nbsp;Claude Dussart ,&nbsp;Florence Carrouel","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Noncommunicable and communicable diseases represent significant public health problems, heavily straining healthcare systems. The care pathway (CP) concept has emerged as a promising framework to improve care coordination and delivery, but its complexity often hinders implementation. Modeling, with its various methodologies, represents a valuable approach to address this challenge. Systematizing these methodologies is essential for enhancing CPs. This scoping review aims to describe and analyze CP modeling methodologies.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Scoping review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, searches were performed in PubMed, Web of science and Embase. Inclusion criteria were: (i) publications in English; (ii) human studies, (iii) published between January 1, 2019 and April 3, 2024 and (iv) use of modeling to analyze CPs. For each publication included, data were extracted and categorized based on modeling goals, methods used, functions of the techniques and their respective strengths and limitations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Analysis of the 41 included articles revealed that the main goals of CP modeling were quality of care (46.3 %), continuous improvement (31.7 %), and process optimization (22.0 %). The methods used for modeling were qualitative (41.5 %), quantitative (34.1 %), or mixed (24.4 %). Technical goals were description (48.8 %), decision support (36.6 %), and prediction (14.6 %). Qualitative methods (68.5 %) were common in studies focused on quality of care. Only 11 articles shared similar methodologies across at least two studies. Key weaknesses of CP modeling were data availability and implementation acceptance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This scoping review identified key categories and commonly used methodologies in CP modeling, offering a framework to help researchers and healthcare professionals improve CP design and implementation, leading to better patient outcomes and more efficient healthcare systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 105751"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prediction model for virologic failure in adolescents living with HIV in Uganda: Findings from the Suubi+Adherence study","authors":"Samuel Kizito ,&nbsp;Fred M. Ssewamala ,&nbsp;Torsten B. Neilands ,&nbsp;Proscovia Nabunya ,&nbsp;Phionah Namatovu ,&nbsp;Josephine Nabayinda ,&nbsp;Mary M. McKay ,&nbsp;Kimberly J. Johnson ,&nbsp;Ross Brownson","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) have low viral suppression levels, with 1 in 3 ALHIV experiencing virologic failure, calling for more efforts to reverse these trends. We developed and validated a model that predicts the risk of virologic failure (VF) among ALHIV.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used baseline data from 702 ALHIV enrolled in the <em>Suubi + Adherence</em> cluster-randomized clinical trial. Participants were aged 10–16 years, living with HIV and aware of their HIV status, and are living with a family. We developed a risk-prediction model for VF (viral load of ≥200 copies/mL) using sociodemographic, behavioral, psychological, economic, and treatment-related factors. LASSO logistic regression using 10-fold cross-validation with bootstrapping was used to select the predictors for the final model. Model performance was assessed by determining the discrimination using the area under the curve and calibration by drawing a calibration plot.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Using a lambda value of 0.007, the final model had 24 predictors (and interaction terms). The predictors included the participants' age, sex, work status, stigma, depressive symptoms, adherence self-efficacy, HIV knowledge, duration with HIV, time spent on ART, communication with the caregiver, family cohesion, social support, orphanhood status, number of people in the household, HIV disclosure, years spent at the current residence, and household asset ownership. The model predicted VF with AUC of 73.8 (95 % CI: 68.3–78.0) and calibration slope of 0.985.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We developed and validated a model to predict the risk of virologic failure among ALHIV in Uganda, demonstrating its potential utility in identifying individuals at elevated risk for VF. Future models could be refined by incorporating clinical characteristics such as CD4 count to further improve predictive accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 105753"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood factors and their impact on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in older adults across Europe","authors":"Tine Bovil ,&nbsp;Lasse Lybecker Scheel-Hincke ,&nbsp;Linda Juel Ahrenfeldt ,&nbsp;Karen Andersen-Ranberg","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigates how childhood factors, including early vaccinations and socio-demographic variables, influence COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among older adults across Europe.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>Longitudinal panel study using data from the SHARE survey across 27 European countries.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed responses from 43,790 participants aged 50+ who took part in both the SHARELIFE (waves 3 or 7) and the second SHARE Corona Survey. Childhood factors examined included early vaccinations, socioeconomic status (SES), health, and cognition. Additional variables were region, sex, and birth cohort. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess associations between these factors and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, adjusting for household wealth, chronic diseases, education, and household composition.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 84.9 % of participants reported accepting the COVID-19 vaccine. Childhood vaccinations were significantly associated with higher odds of vaccine acceptance (OR: 1.65, 95 % CI: 1.39–1.96). Females (OR: 0.92, 95 % CI: 0.86–0.99), younger cohorts (born after 1956: OR: 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.53–0.71), and individuals from disadvantaged childhood SES backgrounds (OR: 0.85, 95 % CI: 0.77–0.94), were less likely to accept the vaccine. Regional differences were evident, with Eastern Europe showing the lowest acceptance rates (OR: 0.34, 95 % CI: 0.31–0.38). Low childhood cognition was also associated with a lower vaccine acceptance (OR: 0.72, 95 % CI: 0.72–0.89).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Childhood factors, including early vaccinations and socio-demographic variables, significantly influence COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in older Europeans. Interventions should focus on reducing disparities, enhancing trust in healthcare systems, and promoting early vaccination and parental engagement to foster long-term positive attitudes toward immunization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 105740"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating COVID-19 cases reported across prisons in England from 2020 to 2023: Is enhanced address matching a game-changer for surveillance?","authors":"Adedoyin Tinuoya ,&nbsp;Alex Allen ,&nbsp;Christopher Rawlinson ,&nbsp;Nurin Iwani Binti Abdul Aziz ,&nbsp;Bryony Cook ,&nbsp;Andrew Woods ,&nbsp;Gavin Dabrera ,&nbsp;Ian Evans ,&nbsp;Steve Willner ,&nbsp;Elise Tessier","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Gathering real-time surveillance data on infectious diseases in prisons can be challenging, and can contribute to health inequalities, including poorer health outcomes and increased risk of transmission. This study assessed the reliability of the address-matching method developed by the UK Security Health Agency (UKHSA) in detecting COVID-19 cases in prisons across England.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Retrospective descriptive study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The retrospective descriptive study compared data from the UKHSA prison line list generated using the enhanced address-matching enrichment procedure with pseudonymized line list data from the Ministry of Justice (MOJ) in selected English prisons between March 2020 and January 2023. Cases were compared at the regional and prison levels to examine the consistency of positive episode counts over time, and by prison. The study included 104 prisons and excluded young offenders' institutions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, the comparison showed both MOJ and UKHSA COVID-19 prison episodes were very closely aligned in 2020 and 2021 with generally over ninety percent agreement in most prisons, the close alignment remained consistent overall and at regional levels until January 2022, coinciding with the arrival of the Omicron variant and shortly thereafter the relaxation in testing aligning with the governments living with COVID-19 plan when differences in case counts became more noticeable.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The enhanced address matching method is reliable in identifying COVID-19 prison episodes and could be adapted for active and timely surveillance of other infectious diseases, and in other settings beyond prisons. This can facilitate better and evidence-based policies for planning and intervention during public health outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 105748"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk prediction models for patients with recurrent diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review","authors":"Zitong Zhou ,&nbsp;Yu Jia ,&nbsp;Hong Yan,&nbsp;Jialan Xu,&nbsp;Siyu Wang,&nbsp;Jun Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To systematically review published studies on risk prediction models for patients with recurrent diabetic foot ulcers.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Systematic review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and Embase were searched from inception to November 5, 2023. Data from selected studies were extracted, including author, country, participants, study design, data source, sample size, outcome definition, predictors, model development and performance. The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) checklist was used to assess the risk of bias and applicability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 677 studies were retrieved, and after a screening process, eight predictive models from eight studies were included in this review. The studies utilized logistic regression, COX regression, and machine learning methods to develop risk prediction models for diabetic foot ulcer recurrence. The rate of diabetic foot ulcer recurrence was 20 %–41 %. The most commonly used predictors were HbA1c and DM duration. the reported area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 0.690 to 0.937. All studies were found to be at high risk of bias, mainly due to problems with outcome measures and poor reporting of analytic domains. the studies were not found to be at high risk of bias, mainly due to problems with outcome measures and poor reporting of analytic domains.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although the performance of the diabetic foot ulcer recurrence prediction models included in the studies was decent, all of them were found to be at high risk of bias according to the PROBAST checklist. Future studies should focus on developing new models with larger samples, rigorous study designs, and multicenter external validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 105744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of hepatitis E in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Mariana Cavalheiro Magri ,&nbsp;Caroline Manchiero ,&nbsp;Bianca Peixoto Dantas ,&nbsp;Wanderley Marques Bernardo ,&nbsp;Edson Abdala ,&nbsp;Fátima Mitiko Tengan","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection by the presence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Systematic searches were conducted in the Medline, Lilacs and Embase databases, selecting 81 studies comprising 38,951 individuals in accordance with the PRISMA Statement. Analyses were performed by using the random-effects model. Data analysis considered study cohort and geographic location.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of hepatitis E in LAC ranged from 0 % to 36 % and the overall prevalence was 9.0 %, with important heterogeneity (<em>I</em>² = 97.3 %). Meta-analysis of subgroups showed prevalence of hepatitis E of 9.0 % in the general population, 6.0 % in blood donors, 9.0 % in rural population, 21.0 % in occupational exposure to pigs, 9.0 % in pregnant women, 7.0 % in immunocompromised individuals, 12.0 % in individuals with chronic liver disease and 9.0 % in individuals with acute hepatitis. According to geographic location, the prevalence of hepatitis E was 7.0 % in Argentina, 16.0 % in Bolivia, 7.0 % in Brazil, 17.0 % in Colombia and 24.0 % in Cuba. The generated funnel plot appeared asymmetric, with evidence of bias according to Egger (p = 0.000) and Begg (p = 0.003) tests. In the analysis, which included only studies with a quality score &gt;5, the prevalence of hepatitis E was 8.0 %. When analysing studies with sample sizes greater than 200 and 500, we identified prevalences of 8.0 % and 7.0 %, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The information obtained in this review warns about the current consolidated prevalence of hepatitis E in LAC, which can be a tool for planning prevention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 105745"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic equity in Aotearoa New Zealand's COVID-19 response: A descriptive epidemiological study","authors":"S. Jefferies ,&nbsp;C. Gilkison ,&nbsp;P. Duff ,&nbsp;C. Grey ,&nbsp;N. French ,&nbsp;H. Carr ,&nbsp;P. Priest ,&nbsp;S. Crengle","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Aotearoa New Zealand employed one of the most stringent public health pandemic responses internationally. We investigated whether ethnic health equity was achieved in the response and outcomes, from COVID-19 elimination in June 2020 through to Omicron-response easing, including international border reopening, in 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Descriptive epidemiology study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All COVID-19 cases, patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 and people vaccinated against COVID-19 between 9 June 2020 and 13 April 2022 were examined over three response periods: by demographic features and COVID-19 outcomes, transmission and vaccination patterns, time-to-vaccination and testing rates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 15,693 cases per 100,000, 138·7 hospitalisations per 100,000, and 9·8 deaths per 100,000 people. Pacific peoples and Indigenous Māori had, respectively, 9·3 to 35-fold and 1·5 to 8·3-fold higher risk of COVID-19, 5·1-fold and 2·6-fold higher age-standardised risk of hospitalisation and 9-fold and 4-fold higher age-standardised risk of death, than European or Other. Māori and Pacific peoples had lower vaccination coverage at critical points in the response, and slower access to vaccination (Adjusted Time Ratios for two doses 1·32 (95% CI 1·31–1·32) and 1·14 (1·14–1·14), respectively), than European or Other. Testing rates remained high, especially among Māori and Pacific peoples.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite achieving a low overall burden of disease by international comparisons, the multi-faceted New Zealand response did not prevent stark ethnic inequities in access to vaccination and COVID-19 outcomes. Policies which address disparities in upstream determinants, early vaccine programme planning and implementation with high-risk communities, and prioritisation that addresses systematic ethnic disadvantage and promotes health equity in response decisions is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 105732"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}