Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Correlations between wastewater levels of naloxone and substance use disorder treatment medications with treatment encounters and overdoses – Marin County, California, USA, March 2023–June 2024","authors":"Haylea Hannah ,&nbsp;Lee Ann Prebil ,&nbsp;Cat Condon ,&nbsp;Jeffrey DeVido ,&nbsp;Fay Zenoff ,&nbsp;Kaitlyn Hess ,&nbsp;Matthew Willis","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We tested wastewater samples for buprenorphine, methadone, naltrexone, naloxone, and their metabolites to assess correlations with treatment encounters and overdoses.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>Correlation analysis at the weekly time step. Exposures were wastewater mass loads of buprenorphine, methadone, naltrexone, naloxone, and their metabolites. Outcomes were overdose deaths, medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment encounters, non-fatal overdose Emergency Medical Services (EMS) encounters same, one, and two weeks later.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Wastewater samples collected twice weekly (February 2023–June 2024) were tested for each analyte. Weekly geometric means were generated and normalized by daily wastewater flow rate and population (mg/1000 people/day). Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated between weekly counts for overdose deaths, OUD treatment encounters, non-fatal overdose EMS encounters, and wastewater mass loads (same, one, and two weeks later). Time series models, adjusting for monthly and quarterly seasonality, were used to assess trends in naloxone, methadone, and buprenorphine levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher naloxone levels were weakly (−0.2-0.3) associated with fewer overdose deaths two weeks later. Buprenorphine levels were positively associated with OUD treatment clients one week later (0.26; p = 0.03), and negatively correlated with EMS encounters for opioid overdose two weeks later (−0.32; p = 0.01). Weekly wastewater concentrations of naloxone and MOUDs significantly increased over time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Wastewater surveillance for MOUDs and naloxone might aid in assessing treatment gaps and tracking progress towards overdose harm reduction and substance use disorder treatment goals. Correlations between increases in community-level buprenorphine levels and reduced overdoses highlight the importance of bolstering access to treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105823"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The COVID-19 vaccination health literacy questionnaire (CVHL-Q): Design and validation according to classic psychometric and Rasch analyses","authors":"Carmen Rodríguez-Blázquez ,&nbsp;Alba Ayala ,&nbsp;Pilar Bas-Sarmiento ,&nbsp;Martina Fernandez-Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;Maria Falcon ,&nbsp;María Romay-Barja ,&nbsp;Maria João Forjaz","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to describe the COVID-19 vaccination health literacy questionnaire (CVHL-Q) and test its psychometric properties in the Spanish general population using Classic Test Theory (CTT) and Rasch measurement analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among the Spanish general population in February 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An online survey was administered to a nationally representative sample of 1067 people aged 18 years or older. To measure COVID-19 Vaccination Health Literacy (CVHL) a short questionnaire was developed by the research team. The psychometric properties of the CVHL-Q were explored using Rasch analysis and CTT, following recommended practices for validation of rating scales.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The CVHL index mean was 34.3 (SD: 11.6, range: 0–50) with 39.7 % of participants showing limited COVID-19 vaccine literacy (score ≤33 points). The instrument exhibited satisfactory internal consistency. Regarding discriminative validity, not all the a-priori hypotheses were confirmed: younger individuals had lower CVHL-Q scores, and no association was found with education level. A final model based on a random subsample of 300 participants showed a good fit to the Rasch model (χ² = 31.9, p = 0.044 with Benferroni correction) and satisfactory reliability (PSI = 0.718). All items displayed ordered thresholds and acceptable residual fit.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The CVHL-Q is a short, questionnaire with robust measurement properties that allow assessing the ability of population to find, understand, use and appraise the information on COVID-19 vaccines. It might be useful in designing communication campaigns and to assess pandemic preparedness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 105842"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The predisposing factors to having a coded diagnosis of Long COVID","authors":"Adrian Heald ,&nbsp;Richard Williams ,&nbsp;Zarak Khan ,&nbsp;Raj Mudaliar ,&nbsp;Amber Khan ,&nbsp;Asma Naseem ,&nbsp;Stuart Stewart ,&nbsp;Nawar Diar Bakerly ,&nbsp;William Ollier","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Long COVID is characterized by a constellation of persistent symptoms following an initial infection with COVID-19 virus. The primary focus of this study was to investigate how the characteristics of people diagnosed with Long COVID differed from those of matched individuals who did not have a diagnosis of Long COVID, after at least one confirmed positive COVID-19 test.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A retrospective observational cohort study was performed using data collected for the time period, January 1, 2020 to January 31, 2024 from a population database of 2.85 million people.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The primary outcome was a primary care coded diagnosis, or referral for treatment of Long COVID following an acute COVID-19 infection, to a Long COVID clinic. Twenty six thousand, six hundred and twenty six (26,626) individuals were identified with a diagnosis of Long COVID and at least one previous recorded COVID-19 positive test. These were matched by age and sex with 133,165 individuals (i.e. an approximate ratio of 5 controls to one case) with at least one previous recorded COVID-19 positive test but no recorded diagnosis of Long COVID. Mortality rate was also analysed in relation to having a previous confirmed acute COVID-19 infection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a higher proportion of people with 2, 3, 4 and 5 or more comorbidities in the diagnosed Long COVID group compared to those with one or no comorbidity. Black/ Black British ethnicity (+28 %) and Mixed ethnicity (+37 %) were both associated with a higher likelihood of a Long COVID diagnosis when compared to White ethnicity. Those in the most disadvantaged quintile (as measured by Townsend index) were more than twice as likely to have Long COVID than the most advantaged quintile. The risk of Long COVID increased by 5.7 % per each comorbidity, with modulation by the number of COVID-19 vaccinations. The risk of Long COVID doubled for every additional confirmed positive COVID-19 test. BMI did not have an effect when account was taken of Townsend quintile.</div><div>Lastly, we analysed mortality rates following a COVID-19 infection. Female sex was associated with a lower risk of death. More disadvantaged individuals as measured by Townsend quintile were more likely to have died. This risk was nearly doubled for the most deprived quintile compared to least deprived quintile.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this city region wide study with individuals matched for age and sex, we have determined that being in a socially disadvantaged situation and being Black/Black British or of Mixed ethnicity increased the risk of developing Long COVID. BMI did not have an effect when account was taken of Townsend quintile. These findings can inform public health messages and public health interventions going forward, whether in relation to Long COVID or future pandemic preparedness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105826"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interconnectedness of exposure to community violence, maternal emotional dysfunction, and child emotional distress in Nigeria: A consideration for promoting family cohesion","authors":"Tosin Yinka Akintunde","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Community violence constitutes a critical public health concern with far-reaching implications for family systems. Despite its prevalence, the mechanisms through which such exposure impinges upon children's emotional well-being remain underexplored in Nigeria. This study investigates the indirect pathway from exposure to community violence to child emotional distress through maternal emotional dysfunction, and examines the moderating influence of family cohesion.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey of 304 mother-child dyads was conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were analyzed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate a moderated mediation model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Exposure to community violence was significantly associated with both maternal emotional dysfunction (β = 0.242, p &lt; 0.001) and child emotional distress (β = 0.271, p &lt; 0.001). Maternal emotional dysfunction was a significant predictor of child emotional distress (β = 0.234, p &lt; 0.001). Mediation analysis revealed that maternal emotional dysfunction partially mediated the relationship between exposure to community violence and child emotional distress (β = 0.057, 95 % CI [0.021, 0.097], p &lt; 0.01). Family cohesion significantly moderated the impact of maternal emotional dysfunction on child emotional distress (β = −0.173, p &lt; 0.01), and also buffered the direct effect of community violence on child emotional outcomes (β = −0.210, p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings highlight the imperatives for public health initiatives that strengthens family cohesion and provide emotional support to ameliorate the deleterious impacts of community violence on children's emotional development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring health literacy in older people: a scoping review","authors":"Guglielmo Bonaccorsi ,&nbsp;Gabriele Vaccaro ,&nbsp;Claudia Biagi ,&nbsp;Marika Furuya ,&nbsp;Sophia Papini ,&nbsp;Marcello Settembrini ,&nbsp;Michele Volpi ,&nbsp;Patrizio Zanobini ,&nbsp;Chiara Lorini","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To collect and compare studies that measured health literacy (HL) in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Scoping Review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search in PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science, was conducted in 2023, including studies published in English and Italian. Inclusion criteria involved primary studies that provided a quantitative HL measurement in people aged 60 years and more. Articles examining people recruited from hospitals or emergency rooms and those selecting participants with specific diseases, except for newly diagnosed patients, were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our literature search yielded a total of 6374 records, with 158 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The most frequently used tools were the S-TOFHLA, HLS-EU-Q16, NVS, HLS-EU-Q47, Communicative and Critical Health Literacy Scale, TOFHLA and REALM. Some differences emerged, even among studies using the same tool. These differences may be due to variations in reporting results (e.g., means, cutoffs, or other formats) or discrepancies in scoring scales, which may have different ranges or apply cutoff scores differently.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results identified a wide range of tools used, with considerable variation even when the same instrument was employed, particularly in scoring methods and the definition of cutoffs to distinguish HL levels. Many papers were excluded because age-specific data for older adults were not extractable, therefore reporting results by age group should be encouraged.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 105843"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-developing a planetary health module for pediatrics: a student-led initiative with peer teaching and evaluation of planetary health literacy","authors":"Sonja Block ,&nbsp;Sebastian Kerzel ,&nbsp;Susanne Harner ,&nbsp;Michael Leitzmann ,&nbsp;Linda Puppe ,&nbsp;Carmen Jochem","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of the study was to co-develop and implement a student-driven, interactive, and competence-based planetary health education (PHE) module on climate-sensitive health counselling (CSHC) in pediatrics and to evaluate pediatric planetary health literacy among medical students at a medical faculty in Germany.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>This is a mixed methods study with a qualitative co-developing process of a teaching intervention in the pediatric curriculum of medical students and a pre-post evaluation. The questionnaires assessed whether the module could enhance students' planetary health literacy and evaluated its didactic design.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A teaching module titled “Child Health in Times of Planetary Crises” was co-developed, integrating insights from interviews with pediatricians practicing CSHC. Measurable learning objectives were created using Bloom's taxonomy. The module included an online course and a seminar that applied CSHC in pediatric scenarios, focussing on preventive and adaptive consultation. Pre- and post-course questionnaires assessed planetary health literacy, covering knowledge, understanding, and self-assessed competence, along with feedback on the course design. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests, Pearson correlations, and median comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Students rated the module as “important”, “interesting” and “neglected in the rest of the curriculum”. Their planetary health literacy improved significantly across knowledge, comprehension of pediatrician's special responsibilities, and self-assessed competence to advise patients on adaptive and preventive measures (p &lt; 0.01). The module's design received positive evaluation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The module effectively enhanced planetary health literacy among medical students. Competence-based education on medical response strategies is essential for addressing children's vulnerability to growing health risks posed by planetary crises. We recommend integrating planetary health education into discipline-specific teaching and cross-disciplinary subjects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105829"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to engagement in non-communicable disease prevention and public health care programs in Iran: A qualitative study","authors":"Najmeh Zarei Jelyani ,&nbsp;Ebtesam Savari ,&nbsp;Saina Jahanian ,&nbsp;Saeedeh Askari ,&nbsp;Mozhgan Maddahi ,&nbsp;Tayebeh Najafimoghadam ,&nbsp;Faranak Rahimi Beiranvand ,&nbsp;Rozhan Khezri","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Despite the presence of comprehensive primary healthcare networks in Iran, which provide essential services for managing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in both rural and urban areas, there is limited engagement with these prevention and care services. This study explores the reasons behind low participation in NCDs prevention and care programs.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Qualitative study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This multicenter phenomenological qualitative study was conducted across three health centers (Valiasr, Tehransar, and Olympics) in western Tehran. The study employed face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews using purposive snowball sampling to select healthcare workers. Data saturation was achieved after 18 interviews. The principal investigator confirmed comprehension of the presented concepts, and data credibility was evaluated using various criteria. Data analysis was performed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. All qualitative analyses were performed using MAXQDA (version 2020).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 18 healthcare workers were interviewed. The findings revealed diverse challenges related to people, organizational deficiencies within health centers, and low motivation among healthcare workers. Challenges at the people level included prioritization of treatment over prevention services, economic difficulties, dissatisfaction with service quality, and lack of knowledge about NCDs prevention and care services. Organizational challenges included inadequate specialized services, single-shift operations at health centers, and registration issues within the National Electronic System. Additionally, burnout and low motivation were prevalent among healthcare workers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights experiences that negatively impact NCD prevention and control efforts. Policymakers and health managers should consider these insights when planning strategies to enhance NCD services at health centers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105839"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workplace second-hand smoke exposure and its association with respiratory symptoms: Findings from cross-sectional surveys 2015–2020","authors":"Min Jin Zhang ,&nbsp;Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Yongda Socrates Wu ,&nbsp;Aaron Wan Jia He ,&nbsp;Tzu Tsun Luk ,&nbsp;Man Ping Wang ,&nbsp;Tai Hing Lam ,&nbsp;Vienna Lai ,&nbsp;Henry Sau Chai Tong ,&nbsp;Yee Tak Derek Cheung","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We investigated the prevalence and associated factors of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at workplaces from 2015 to 2020, 8+ years after the expansion of smoke-free areas, including all indoor workplaces in Hong Kong since 2007, and its association with respiratory symptoms in Chinese adults.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Population-based survey.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>13,048 working respondents (aged 15+ years) from 6 waves of population-based random-digit telephone surveys (2015–2020) were included. Information on sociodemographic factors, smoking status, and SHS exposure at workplaces were collected. 4585 respondents were randomly selected to report their recent respiratory symptoms. Log-binomial regressions assessed factors associated with SHS exposure at workplaces and the association between SHS and respiratory symptoms, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>24.8 % of respondents reported SHS exposure at workplaces in the 7 days preceding the survey. Male, older age, lower education level, work outdoors, work both outdoors and indoors, work in vehicles, work as service and sales workers, and work as manual laborers were associated with SHS exposure at workplaces (all P &lt; 0.05). SHS exposure at workplaces was associated with respiratory symptoms in never smokers (Adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) 1.34, 95 %CI 1.00 to 1.81) and ex-smokers (APR 1.34, 95 %CI 1.02 to 1.77), with dose-response relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Eight to thirteen years after banning smoking at all indoor workplaces, SHS exposure at workplaces was prevalent in outdoor occupations. Exposure to SHS at workplaces was associated with self-reported respiratory symptoms in never and ex-smokers. Policymakers should consider continuously expanding smoke-free areas to more outdoor public places.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 105812"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging vulnerable communities in urban health: A systematic review of participation strategies","authors":"Patricia Tollmann ,&nbsp;Janna Leimann ,&nbsp;Heike Köckler,&nbsp;Ines Schönfeld,&nbsp;Eike Quilling","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Review the state of research on the participation of vulnerable populations in the context of urban health to promote health equity.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The review was carried out for English and German language publications by two independent researchers in 2022. Results from social, medical and health science databases (PubMed, AgeLine, CINAHL Complete, APA PsychArticles &amp; PsychInfo, SocINDEX and LIVIVO) of the last 10 years were taken into account. Only publications with reference to participation strategies for integrated health promotion in urban settings were included. Extraction of articles and quality assessment of included publications was performed using PRISMA guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 841 manuscripts found in the first step, eight were included in the qualitative analysis. The findings provide insights into the opportunities of urban health to promote health equity and public health in general. The results show among others that many different stakeholders are responsible for engaging vulnerable population groups. Commonly used methods for participation include e.g. Photo Voice, workshops and Co-creation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings provide insights into the opportunities for urban health to promote health equity and public health in general. They provide a direct impetus for structural change, including more community engagement in cities. Apart from that, the research emphasises the need for further practice-oriented research as there is a lack of publications on the topic of participation of vulnerable population groups in urban health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105837"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between police funding and community firearm violence incidence in 61 US cities, 2015–2022","authors":"Anita Wamakima ,&nbsp;Leah E. Roberts ,&nbsp;Siena Wanders ,&nbsp;Christopher N. Morrison ,&nbsp;Elinore Kaufman ,&nbsp;Madison Cook ,&nbsp;Jessica H. Beard","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To understand if increased investment in policing is associated with decreased rates of community firearm violence (CFV), we examined temporal trends in shooting rates and police funding and explored associations between police expenditure and CFV incidence in United States (US) cities.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>We conducted an ecological space-time panel analysis utilizing data from 61 large cities in the United States from 2015 to 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Police expenditure was obtained from city budgets and shooting data were abstracted from Gun Violence Archive. Negative binominal mixed-effects regression was performed, controlling for social factors known or theorized to impact CFV incidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a mean of 42.8 shootings/100,000 population, with a mean increase of 2.9 shootings/100,000 population/year. Police funding also increased by an average of $286,781/100,000 population/year. No significant association was observed between police expenditure and shooting incidence in the mixed effects model (IRR 0.95; 95 %CI:0.78,1.16). Sensitivity analyses using one-year lags for shootings and police expenditure did not substantively change results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Shootings and police funding increased in cities throughout the US during the study period. We did not observe a significant association between police funding and CFV incidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105841"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}