Public Health最新文献

{"title":"The association between voluntary health insurance and health outcomes in older adults in Europe: A survival analysis","authors":"Yamato Uejima ,&nbsp;Filippos T. Filippidis ,&nbsp;Thomas Hone ,&nbsp;Christopher Millett ,&nbsp;Raffaele Palladino","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Voluntary health insurance (VHI) often serves a supplementary role in Europe. The ageing population and adoption of cost-sharing models in response to economic pressures raise concerns that VHI could contribute to health inequalities among older people. This study investigates the association of VHI with health outcomes among older people across 16 European countries and Israel.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data on participants aged ≥50 years across 16 European countries and Israel were obtained from four waves (2013–2020) of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Gompertz proportional hazards models assessed the association of VHI with mortality and multimorbidity. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) are reported.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>VHI prevalence was 38.2 % in 2013 and 34.9 % in 2015, with a higher prevalence among higher-income groups. VHI was associated with a 13 % lower risk of mortality (HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81–0.94) after accounting for demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and health-related factors. VHI was also associated with a lower risk of multimorbidity (HR: 0.92, 95 % CI: 0.87–0.97).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>VHI was associated with a reduced risk of mortality and multimorbidity, after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and health-related factors. VHI might facilitate the access to timely and high-quality healthcare services, which may exacerbate health inequalities among older individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"237 ","pages":"Pages 361-366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid fuel combustion and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A nationwide study on stillbirth in India","authors":"Mohammad Hammad ,&nbsp;Mohd Asfahan Nomani ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Stillbirth is a significant public health challenge in India, accounting for a substantial portion of the global burden. Exposure to household air pollution from solid fuel combustion during pregnancy has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including stillbirth. This study aimed to investigate the association between solid fuel use and stillbirth risk in India, utilizing data from the National Family Health Survey 5 (NFHS-5).</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Nationwide cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study employed data from the NFHS-5, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey conducted in India from 2019 to 2021. The study sample consisted of 204,723 women aged 15–49 years who had a pregnancy in the past 5 years preceding the survey. Stillbirth was calculated using calendar data, providing robust estimates. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between solid fuel use and stillbirth, adjusting for various sociodemographic and maternal factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The use of unclean cooking fuels was significantly associated with an increased risk of stillbirth (OR = 1.34, 95 % CI: 1.13–1.58, p &lt; 0.001) compared to clean fuels. Other factors associated with higher stillbirth risk included rural residence, lower maternal education, belongingness to certain social categories, delivering at private healthcare facilities, limited antenatal visits, and undergoing caesarean delivery.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings highlight the detrimental impact of solid fuel use on stillbirth rates in India, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to promote cleaner cooking technologies and address socioeconomic disparities. Efforts to transition households towards cleaner energy sources and improve access to quality maternal healthcare services are crucial for reducing the burden of stillbirth in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"237 ","pages":"Pages 367-373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-year behavioural, health-related quality of life, and body mass index outcomes from the RESPOND randomized trial","authors":"Steven Allender ,&nbsp;Cadeyrn J. Gaskin ,&nbsp;Denise Becker ,&nbsp;Michelle Jackson ,&nbsp;Liliana Orellana ,&nbsp;Josh Hayward ,&nbsp;Colin Bell ,&nbsp;Melanie Nichols ,&nbsp;Vicki Brown ,&nbsp;Monique Hillenaar ,&nbsp;Marj Moodie ,&nbsp;Anna Peeters ,&nbsp;Andrew D. Brown ,&nbsp;Jillian Whelan ,&nbsp;Boyd Swinburn ,&nbsp;Claudia Strugnell","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Evaluate RESPOND, a community-based systems intervention to prevent childhood obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCD).</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Cluster randomized trial of building community capacity to use systems science for child obesity and NCD prevention in 10 local government areas in northeast Victoria, Australia. Four-year stepped wedge trial, adapted due to COVID-19 restrictions</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cluster randomized trial of building community capacity to use systems science for child obesity and NCD prevention in 10 local government areas in northeast Victoria, Australia. Four-year stepped wedge trial, adapted due to COVID-19 restrictions. Data from 31 primary schools participating at both March to June 2019 (60 % school participation rate), and March to August 2022 (30 %) analysed using linear mixed models. Primary outcome was age-sex-adjusted body mass index z-scores (BMIz) calculated from measured height and weight (children in grades 2, 4 and 6 [aged 7–12 years]). Secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and self-reported health behaviours (grades 4 and 6).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Non-significant intervention effects were observed for BMIz (−0.10; 95 % CI: 0.30, 0.11), and percentage with overweight or obesity (−5.4 %; 95 % CI: 13.6 %, 2.7 %). HRQoL deteriorated between 2019 and 2022, except where intervention effects for HRQoL were observed in boys’ psychosocial health summary score (7.4; 95% CI: 3.5, 11.2) and total scale score (9.9; 95% CI: 5.5, 14.2). There was an intervention effect for the proportion of boys consuming ≥5 glasses of water per day (15.2 %; 95% CI: 0.9–29.6).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>RESPOND protected overall and psychosocial health and had positive effects on BMIz.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"237 ","pages":"Pages 344-353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of disease attributable to risk factors: Estimates of the Global Burden of Disease from 1990 to 2021","authors":"Deborah Carvalho Malta ,&nbsp;Crizian Saar Gomes ,&nbsp;Guilherme Augusto Veloso ,&nbsp;Mariana Santos Felisbino-Mendes ,&nbsp;Luisa Campos Caldeira Brant ,&nbsp;Renato Azeredo Teixeira ,&nbsp;Elton Junio Sady Prates ,&nbsp;Luísa Sorio Flor ,&nbsp;Caroline Stein ,&nbsp;Nádia Machado de Vasconcelos ,&nbsp;Ísis Eloah Machado ,&nbsp;Alanna Gomes da Silva ,&nbsp;Mohsen Naghavi ,&nbsp;Antônio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Analyze the burden of diseases attributable to risk factors (RF) in Brazil according to age, sex, and Brazilian states between 1990 and 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study used data from the Global Burden of Disease study 1990 to 2021. The metrics used in this analysis included: mortality rates, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and Summary Exposure Value (SEV). A ranking of the risk factors was created by highlighting the changes between 1990 and 2021, according to sex, age group, and Brazilian state. RF were analyzed according to the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Decline the risk factors of tobacco (−50.2 %), environmental: water, sanitation and hand washing (−58.0 %), and air pollution (−45.0 %), as well as an increase in the burden attributable to BMI (+78.4 %), alcohol consumption (+15.7 %). High systolic blood pressure ranked first in all states in 2021, followed by high blood glucose; tobacco ranking third in most states. The burden of diseases attributable to RFs in Brazil varied considerably between men and women, age groups, and states. Trends in the period from 1990 to 2021 showed a strong correlation with the SDI, better results being observed in states with higher SDI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>High blood pressure, high BMI and tobacco are the main risk factors for mortality and DALYs in 2021. The burden of disease has a high correlation with socio-economic indicator (SDI). It is important to strengthen public policies that promote healthy lifestyles, thus reducing disease and death.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"237 ","pages":"Pages 387-396"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leisure-time physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults - The ELSA-Brasil study","authors":"Natan Feter ,&nbsp;Danilo de Paula ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Citton P. dos Reis ,&nbsp;David A. Raichlen ,&nbsp;Sandhi Maria Barreto ,&nbsp;Claudia Kimie Suemoto ,&nbsp;Maria Inês Schmidt ,&nbsp;Bruce B. Duncan","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Dementia is a fast-growing public health problem. This study examined the association of physical activity and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) with the risk of cognitive impairment.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Multicentric, prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 10,121 participants of the ELSA-Brasil study. We assessed leisure-time physical activity using the long version of the IPAQ questionnaire and defined moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per week. We applied a non-exercise prediction equation to estimate eCRF and classified participants as unfit (lowest tertile) and fit. Leisure-time MVPA and eCRF were measured at baseline and follow-up. Incident cognitive impairment was based on memory, language, and executive function assessed at baseline and follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a median of 8.1 (7.8–8.5) years of follow-up, we identified 396 (3.9 %) incident cases of cognitive impairment. There was an inverse, non-linear association between the incidence of cognitive impairment and both leisure time MVPA and eCRF. Low eCRF (IRR: 1.29; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.64) and low MVPA (IRR: 1.40; 1.09, 1.82) were independently associated with an increased incidence. Increasing 1 MET in eCRF from baseline to follow-up visit was associated with a lower incidence of cognitive impairment (IRR: 0.80; 95%CI: 0.71, 0.91), while a decrease of 13.7 min per day in leisure time MVPA is associated with an increased incidence (IRR: 1.16; 95%CI: 1.01, 1.33) of cognitive impairment. These associations remained statistically significant in adults under 65 but not in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Low eCRF and leisure time MVPA are strong and independent predictors of incident cognitive impairment especially in middle-aged adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"237 ","pages":"Pages 403-409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between childhood parental literacy and late-life cognitive function: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study","authors":"Zhi Hao Chai ,&nbsp;Chao Qiang Jiang ,&nbsp;Ya Li Jin ,&nbsp;Feng Zhu ,&nbsp;Kar Keung Cheng ,&nbsp;Tai Hing Lam ,&nbsp;Lin Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Sen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Evidence on the associations of childhood parental education with late-life cognitive function remains inconsistent. Additionally, studies focusing on dimensions of cognitive function are scarce, with none from China. Therefore, we examined the associations of childhood parental education with late-life cognitive function and it's dimensions and investigated potential interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were included from the third phase of Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Delayed 10-Word Recall Test (DWRT), and childhood parental literacy (could read or write) were collected. Multivariate linear and logistic regression were used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 8891 participants aged ≥50 years, compared with those whose childhood parents could not read/write, those with only the father, only the mother, or both parents able to read/write during childhood had higher scores on the MMSE and its dimensions, and lower odds of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The coefficients (β) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for scores of MMSE were 1.25 (1.10, 1.41), 1.36 (0.86, 1.86), and 2.05 (1.89, 2.21) respectively; the odds ratios and 95 % CIs for MCI were 0.38 (0.33, 0.45), 0.35 (0.18, 0.67), and 0.15 (0.12, 0.19) respectively. More pronounced effects were found in women, those aged ≥60, those with ≤ primary education, and in those whose childhood parents could read/write. Socioeconomic position mediated the association. Cognitive functions of attention and calculation in children of only fathers who could read/write (β = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.35, 0.50) and memory in children of only mothers who could read/write (β = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.16, 0.51) were associated with better outcomes. Consistent results were also found using scores from the DWRT.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Childhood parental literacy was associated with late-life cognitive function and it's dimensions, which mediated by socioeconomic position. Specifically, having only a father or only a mother who could read/write during childhood was associated with better cognitive function in attention/calculation and memory, respectively. These results add new evidence to support strategies for elderly cognitive health care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"237 ","pages":"Pages 354-360"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological landscape in Iran: A qualitative analysis of strengths, weaknesses, and growth potential","authors":"Monireh Faghir Ganji ,&nbsp;Shahrzad Nematollahi ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Sehat ,&nbsp;Kourosh Holakouie-Naieni","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Epidemiology deals with all aspects of wellness and diseases in communities. Due to the crucial contribution of epidemiology in basic and applied research, operationalization of social and health constellations, and advancing multidisciplinary science, this study aims to Epidemiological Landscape in Iran.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Qualitative study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with a purposive sampling of graduate students, faculty members, and professors with at least five years of experience in epidemiology from various medical universities. The research team, comprising three epidemiologists and one graduate student, ensured the validity of the interview guide. Data saturation was achieved after 17 interviews, focusing on challenges and opportunities in epidemiology, influenced by factors like health ministry policies and societal attitudes. Participants were asked about the ideal state of epidemiology, existing gaps, and their main concerns. The principal investigator confirmed understanding of the concepts presented, and data credibility was assessed through various criteria. The analysis involved coding participants' responses and categorizing them to streamline the findings into main and subcategories. All the qualitative analyses were conducted using MAXQDA (version 2020).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The finding highlight epidemiology's critical role in addressing health problems, assessing population health, and diagnosing main issues. The COVID-19 pandemic provided unique opportunities to utilize epidemiological knowledge, which the IEA should amplify by employing epidemiologists in decision-making. However, challenges include limited job/training opportunities. Key limitations are restricting epidemiology to research, isolating it from health decision-making, lack of funding and resources at some universities, and ineffective public communication during pandemic. Strengths are experienced epidemiologists, the IEA, enthusiastic students, and active participation in managing the pandemic. Opportunities include a growing need for epidemiology among policymakers, positive feedback on its role in infectious disease control, and research opportunities for students.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study identified significant challenges but also strengths and opportunities for epidemiology in Iran. Key recommendations include strengthening collaboration with policymakers, improving education, supporting young epidemiologists, and reinforcing the IEA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"237 ","pages":"Pages 397-402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disability trends in Spain by sex: An Age-Period-Cohort analysis","authors":"Javier Casillas-Clot ,&nbsp;Celia Fernández-Carro","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Disability is a complex concept, and generally refers to a situation where the carrying out of daily routines and social interactions is made more difficult for people. Despite research suggesting an increase in disability worldwide, there are few studies that afford a longitudinal perspective, with most focused exclusively on older populations. This study takes a generational perspective with the aim of analyzing the trend of disability in Spain</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Age-period-cohort analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>To address a gap in the existing research, this study carries out an Age-Period-Cohort analysis to examine disability time-trends in Spain by sex, using data from various cross-sectional surveys conducted in 1999 (n = 218,185), 2008 (n = 258,187), and 2020 (n = 164,254).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results of this study contribute to knowledge of disability time-trends, and provide overall-population scope and sex differentials. While age was found to be the primary factor in an increase in disability, this study afforded insight into a decline in disability over <em>period</em>, observed after removing the <em>age</em> effect. Further, after controlling for age and period, significant differences in the prevalence of disability by <em>cohort</em> were observed. Differences by sex were found, with differing patterns of disability observed for female and male cohorts. This study also found an increase in the prevalence of disability in the youngest cohort, despite a general decrease in disability for generations born after 1960.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Between generational cohorts, there are differing patterns for the prevalence of disability which cannot be explained by age, or by the period through which the cohort has lived.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"237 ","pages":"Pages 330-335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global cancer statistics of young adults and its changes in the past decade: Incidence and mortality from GLOBOCAN 2022","authors":"Jian Li ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Kuang","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the disease burden of cancer in young adults globally and the changes between 2012 and 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A comprehensive analysis of global cancer statistics of young adults based on data provided by GLOBOCAN 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The incidence and mortality estimates for cancer in young adults in 2012 and 2022 were obtained from the publication by Fidler et al. and GLOBOCAN 2022, respectively. Data were displayed descriptively and compared at the sex, global, regional, national and human development index (HDI) levels. Associations between HDI rank and cancer incidence and mortality were explored by Pearson correlation analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2022, the number of new cancer cases and deaths in young adults were estimated to be 1,227,907 and 349,550, respectively, with the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) of 49.5 and 14.2 per 100,000 population. In young adults, 47.22 % of new cases were breast, thyroid and cervical cancer, while the leading causes of cancer-related death were breast, leukaemia and cervical cancer. Compared to 2012, the number of new cases and the ASIR increased by 25.89 % and 14.32 %, respectively, while the number of deaths and the ASMR decreased by 2.03 % and 10.69 %, respectively. However, cancer burden and its changes varied substantially across geographical regions, HDI levels and cancer types. In general, infection-related cancers were more common in less developed regions, but their incidence decreased significantly, while Westernised lifestyle-related cancers were more common in developed countries and their incidence is increasing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Cancer contributes substantially to health-related burdens in young adults and the overall incidence has increased dramatically in the past decade. However, the incidence and mortality of cancer in this age group varied considerably by sex, cancer type, region, country and HDI level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"237 ","pages":"Pages 336-343"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of health literacy-based motivational interviewing and health education on adolescents’ nutrition and exercise behaviors in Turkiye: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Ayşegül Akca ,&nbsp;Sultan Ayaz-Alkaya","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To measure the effectiveness of health literacy-based motivational interviewing and health education to improve adolescents' nutrition and exercise behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A randomized controlled trial.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was completed with 63 adolescents (aged 14–15 years) of which 21 were in the motivational interviewing group, 21 were in the health education group, and 21 were in the control group. Data collection tools were applied to all groups before the intervention, after the completion of the intervention (post-test), at the third and sixth month. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test and two-way mixed design ANOVA with Bonferroni test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean scores of nutrition and exercise at the post-test, third month, and sixth month of the motivational interviewing and health education groups were significantly higher than the control group. The intervention had a large effect size.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Health literacy-based motivational interviewing and health education were effective in improving nutrition and exercise behaviors among adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49651,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"237 ","pages":"Pages 316-321"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}