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Do scientific objects have a life (which may end)? 科学研究对象有生命(可能会终结)吗?
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S026988972200014X
Theodore Arabatzis
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引用次数: 1
Killed by its own obituaries: Explaining the demise of the ether. 被自己的讣告杀死:解释以太币的消亡。
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889722000175
Jaume Navarro
{"title":"Killed by its own obituaries: Explaining the demise of the ether.","authors":"Jaume Navarro","doi":"10.1017/S0269889722000175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889722000175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper I follow the demise of the ether in the first half of the twentieth century to show how the first <i>obituaries</i> of the ether were instrumental in creating an object with specific and largely simplified properties related to, but different from, nineteenth-century ethers. I suggest that writing the history of dead objects (or objects an author wants to be dead) is not epistemologically neutral but, on the contrary, it involves a reformulation of the object itself. I show that this was indeed the case with the ether: those arguing for its demise in the early twentieth century tended to overlook as irrelevant one of the ether's most important properties, namely being the seat for the transmission of electromagnetic waves. Instead, they emphasized the contradictions between other properties of previous ether(s), so as to advocate for its disappearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40710867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anatomy collections as "modern ruins": The nostalgia of lonely specimens. 作为“现代废墟”的解剖学藏品:孤独标本的怀旧。
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889722000138
Alexandra Ion
{"title":"Anatomy collections as \"modern ruins\": The nostalgia of lonely specimens.","authors":"Alexandra Ion","doi":"10.1017/S0269889722000138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889722000138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This text is a reflection on the fate of a special kind of scientific object - anatomy collections - and their place in contemporary times. Though the phenomenon of keeping and displaying such collections is generally dying out, those specimens which survive continue to puzzle and fascinate us. To understand the current status of such collections, and the nostalgia evoked by the specimens within them, I argue, we should approach them as modern ruins. This allows us to think of them as places of absence, pointing to unfinished lives and unfinished scientific projects. The paper begins with the story of a preserved human face from the Francis I. Rainer anatomical-anthropological collection (Bucharest), and continues by discussing the fate of that collection, and of anatomy collections more widely. Ultimately, the paper asks, what is it that we want to preserve: specimens, practices, or research philosophies?</p>","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40710936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
SIC volume 34 issue 2 Cover and Back matter SIC第34卷第2期封面和封底
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0269889722000217
{"title":"SIC volume 34 issue 2 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0269889722000217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269889722000217","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44399671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SIC volume 34 issue 2 Cover and Front matter SIC第34卷第2期封面和封面问题
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0269889722000205
Yosef Schwartz, Jaume Navarro, Francisc I. Rainer, Alexandra Ion
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引用次数: 0
An infrastructural account of scientific objectivity for legal contexts and bloodstain pattern analysis. 对法律背景和血迹模式分析的科学客观性的基础说明。
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889722000011
W John Koolage, Lauren M Williams, Morgen L Barroso
{"title":"An infrastructural account of scientific objectivity for legal contexts and bloodstain pattern analysis.","authors":"W John Koolage,&nbsp;Lauren M Williams,&nbsp;Morgen L Barroso","doi":"10.1017/S0269889722000011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889722000011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the United States, scientific knowledge is brought before the courts by way of testimony - the testimony of scientific experts. We argue that this expertise is best understood <i>first</i> as related to the quality of the underlying science <i>and then</i> in terms of who delivers it. Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA), a contemporary forensic science, serves as the vaulting point for our exploration of objectivity as a metric for the quality of a science in judicial contexts. We argue that BPA fails to meet the minimal standard set by Helen Longino's social-procedural account of objectivity (1990, 2002). In light of some pressing issues for social-procedural accounts, we offer an infrastructural account of objectivity. This account offers what amounts to a friendly amendment to Longino's account and adds to the ways in which we might analyze social-procedural objectivity. Finally, we address an issue that is pressing in the legal context: given that scientific knowledge is delivered by individuals, not communities, at least in U.S. courts, we (may) need a way to evaluate individual scientific and epistemic agents. We suggest a means for making this evaluation that is derived from our infrastructural account of objectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40341027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Marian Smoluchowski (On the tenth anniversary of his death) Marian Smoluchowski(在他逝世十周年之际)
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889722000072
Boris M. Hessen
{"title":"Marian Smoluchowski (On the tenth anniversary of his death)","authors":"Boris M. Hessen","doi":"10.1017/S0269889722000072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889722000072","url":null,"abstract":"[144] September of the current year (1927) marked tenth anniversary of the death of Marian Smoluchowski.3 Smoluchowski’s works are of outstanding importance not only for the physicist. They are also of extremely high methodological value. Atomism, which thanks to the work of Clausius, Maxwell and Boltzmann, flourished in the second half of the nineteenth century, by the end of the nineteenth century began to fall into disfavor among physicists. The reality of atoms began to be questioned, accompanied by a strengthened impulse to “overcome natural scientific materialism.”4 In 1898, in the preface to his classic work on the kinetic theory of gases, Boltzmann wrote regretfully that “it would be a great tragedy for science if the theory of gases were temporarily thrown into oblivion because of a momentary hostile attitude toward it, as it happened for example to the wave theory because of Newton’s authority” (Boltzmann 1898, v–vi; Boltzmann 1995, 192 [TN]). Smoluchowski’s works on the theory of Brownian motion5 provided a brilliant new proof of the reality of atoms. Since that time, as Einstein remarks, due in large part to Smoluchowski’s work, universal recognition of the kinetic theory has been established and confidence in the reality of atoms has begun to spread among physicists. This, however, by no means exhausts the significance of Smoluchowski’s works. Boltzmann, with his own work, eliminated the metaphysical gap between reversible and irreversible processes. He showed that “the world clock does not need to be wound up.”","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43789012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Individuals and collectives in the philosophy of Boris Hessen: An introduction 鲍里斯·黑森哲学中的个人与集体
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889722000096
Sean Winkler
{"title":"Individuals and collectives in the philosophy of Boris Hessen: An introduction","authors":"Sean Winkler","doi":"10.1017/S0269889722000096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889722000096","url":null,"abstract":"Argument This paper provides an introduction to three translations of articles by Soviet philosopher Boris Hessen: “Mechanical Materialism and Modern Physics,” “On Comrade Timiryazev’s Attitude towards Contemporary Science” and “Marian Smoluchowski (On the Tenth Anniversary of His Death)”. It begins by presenting a central tension in Hessen’s work; namely, how even though he is better known for the externalism of his 1931 Newton paper, much of his work has been considered exemplary of an internalist approach. I then show that for Hessen, the history of modern science was defined by the discovery of the dialectical unity in opposition between dynamic and statistical regularity. This not only sheds important light on Hessen’s understanding of causation, but also reconciles the aforementioned tension by showing his approach to the relationship between individuals and collectives in the study of physical phenomena, along with the relationship between individual scientists and socioeconomic conditions.","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49172024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why they shared: recovering early arguments for sharing social scientific data - ERRATUM. 为什么他们共享:恢复早期关于共享社会科学数据的争论-勘误。
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889721000107
Emily Hauptmann
{"title":"Why they shared: recovering early arguments for sharing social scientific data - ERRATUM.","authors":"Emily Hauptmann","doi":"10.1017/S0269889721000107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889721000107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0269889721000107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39236544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
SIC volume 34 issue 1 Cover and Back matter SIC第34卷第1期封面和封底
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0269889722000114
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引用次数: 0
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