Science in Context最新文献_第8页

Marian Smoluchowski (On the tenth anniversary of his death) Marian Smoluchowski(在他逝世十周年之际)

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889722000072

Boris M. Hessen

{"title":"Marian Smoluchowski (On the tenth anniversary of his death)","authors":"Boris M. Hessen","doi":"10.1017/S0269889722000072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889722000072","url":null,"abstract":"[144] September of the current year (1927) marked tenth anniversary of the death of Marian Smoluchowski.3 Smoluchowski’s works are of outstanding importance not only for the physicist. They are also of extremely high methodological value. Atomism, which thanks to the work of Clausius, Maxwell and Boltzmann, flourished in the second half of the nineteenth century, by the end of the nineteenth century began to fall into disfavor among physicists. The reality of atoms began to be questioned, accompanied by a strengthened impulse to “overcome natural scientific materialism.”4 In 1898, in the preface to his classic work on the kinetic theory of gases, Boltzmann wrote regretfully that “it would be a great tragedy for science if the theory of gases were temporarily thrown into oblivion because of a momentary hostile attitude toward it, as it happened for example to the wave theory because of Newton’s authority” (Boltzmann 1898, v–vi; Boltzmann 1995, 192 [TN]). Smoluchowski’s works on the theory of Brownian motion5 provided a brilliant new proof of the reality of atoms. Since that time, as Einstein remarks, due in large part to Smoluchowski’s work, universal recognition of the kinetic theory has been established and confidence in the reality of atoms has begun to spread among physicists. This, however, by no means exhausts the significance of Smoluchowski’s works. Boltzmann, with his own work, eliminated the metaphysical gap between reversible and irreversible processes. He showed that “the world clock does not need to be wound up.”","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":"34 1","pages":"137 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43789012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individuals and collectives in the philosophy of Boris Hessen: An introduction 鲍里斯·黑森哲学中的个人与集体

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889722000096

Sean Winkler

引用次数: 0

Why they shared: recovering early arguments for sharing social scientific data - ERRATUM. 为什么他们共享:恢复早期关于共享社会科学数据的争论-勘误。

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889721000107

Emily Hauptmann

引用次数: 1

SIC volume 34 issue 1 Cover and Back matter SIC第34卷第1期封面和封底

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0269889722000114

引用次数: 0

SIC volume 34 issue 1 Cover and Front matter SIC第34卷第1期封面和封面问题

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0269889722000102

Yosef Schwartz, Jeff Kochan, Steffen Ducheyne, Veronika Lipphardt, Gudrun A. Rappold, John Koolage, Lauren M. Williams

引用次数: 0

Towards a new philosophical perspective on Hermann Weyl's turn to intuitionism. 论赫尔曼·魏尔转向直觉主义的新哲学视角。

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889722000047

Kati Kish Bar-On

引用次数: 0

Mechanical materialism and modern physics 机械唯物主义与现代物理学

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889722000060

Boris M. Hessen

{"title":"Mechanical materialism and modern physics","authors":"Boris M. Hessen","doi":"10.1017/S0269889722000060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889722000060","url":null,"abstract":"[5] We will soon celebrate the fifth anniversary of the discussion with the mechanists about dialectics. Cde. Stepanov’s2 book, Dialectical Materialism and the Deborinite School, is truly a milestone, if not in content, then in form. It would be impossible to carry on the debate in the spirit of Cde. Stepanov’s book, in no small part because it exhausts every form of abuse acceptable to print. Whether or not a point of view is correct is not determined by the “strength” of the words employed in its defense, but by a methodological analysis of the content of a scientific problem within the historical development of science. Unfortunately, Cde. Stepanov’s latest article contains even less concrete material than his previous ones and, as we try to show, is not at all up to the standards of the modern science that Cde. Stepanov so earnestly defends. We believe that the main drawback of the book is that it carefully avoids every hotly debated problem of modern natural science, zealously defending against whatever attack by whomever against the law of energy conservation, which has long been accepted as ironclad in natural science, and which no one disputes. Cde. Stepanov replaces the discussion of new problems with curses and angry shouts. But swearing is a bad means of solving problems, and indirect proof that one is aware of the incorrectness of one’s own position: “Jupiter, you are angry, therefore you are wrong” (Dostoevsky 1900, 910 [TN]). We will not indulge Cde. Stepanov in his controversial methods, but will try to identify our point of view on the analysis of specific material in opposition to the mechanists’ point of view. Therefore, let us turn to an analysis of classical and modern natural science. From the outset, we will limit our task to the analysis of problems in physics.","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":"34 1","pages":"155 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47044136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using one's talents in honor of God: Lambert ten Kate (1674-1731) and Isaac Newton's natural philosophy. 用自己的才能来荣耀上帝:兰伯特·凯特(1674-1731)和艾萨克·牛顿的自然哲学。

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889722000059

Steffen Ducheyne

{"title":"Using one's talents in honor of God: Lambert ten Kate (1674-1731) and Isaac Newton's natural philosophy.","authors":"Steffen Ducheyne","doi":"10.1017/S0269889722000059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889722000059","url":null,"abstract":"Lambert ten Kate (1674-1731), the scholar of language, religious writer, art theoretician and collector, and natural philosophy enthusiast, was part of an informal network of Amsterdam-based mathematics and natural philosophy enthusiasts who played a pivotal role in the early diffusion of Newton's natural philosophical ideas in the Dutch Republic. Because Ten Kate contributed to several areas of research, it is worth asking whether connections can be found between his different scholarly activities and, more specifically, whether his oeuvre as a whole was shaped by his religious views, as has been suggested. In this essay, I shall argue that his oeuvre was indeed shaped by his religious beliefs, which reflect elements typical of Dutch doperdom, but also reflect a more general Christian orientation that transcends confessional divides. More particularly, I aim to show that, if we want to understand why Ten Kate was drawn to the natural philosophy of his day, and especially to Isaac Newton's (1642-1727), and why he sought to promote it, we also need to pay attention to this broader Christian orientation in his thought. Along the way, I shall add nuance to earlier characterizations of how ten Kate mobilized Isaac Newton's natural philosophy according to his own agenda.","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":" ","pages":"25-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40341498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Representing vulnerable populations in genetic studies: The case of the Roma. 基因研究中弱势群体的代表:罗姆人的案例。

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889722000023

Veronika Lipphardt, Gudrun A Rappold, Mihai Surdu

引用次数: 7

Animism and natural teleology from Avicenna to Boyle. 万物有灵论和自然目的论，从阿维森纳到波义耳。

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Science in Context Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889722000035

Jeff Kochan

引用次数: 4