Yosef Schwartz, Jeff Kochan, Steffen Ducheyne, Veronika Lipphardt, Gudrun A. Rappold, John Koolage, Lauren M. Williams
{"title":"SIC volume 34 issue 1 Cover and Front matter","authors":"Yosef Schwartz, Jeff Kochan, Steffen Ducheyne, Veronika Lipphardt, Gudrun A. Rappold, John Koolage, Lauren M. Williams","doi":"10.1017/s0269889722000102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269889722000102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45225829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards a new philosophical perspective on Hermann Weyl's turn to intuitionism.","authors":"Kati Kish Bar-On","doi":"10.1017/S0269889722000047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889722000047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paper explores Hermann Weyl's turn to intuitionism through a philosophical prism of normative framework transitions. It focuses on three central themes that occupied Weyl's thought: the notion of the continuum, logical existence, and the necessity of intuitionism, constructivism, and formalism to adequately address the foundational crisis of mathematics. The analysis of these themes reveals Weyl's continuous endeavor to deal with such fundamental problems and suggests a view that provides a different perspective concerning Weyl's wavering foundational positions. Building on a philosophical model of scientific framework transitions and the special role that normative indecision or ambivalence plays in the process, the paper examines Weyl's motives for considering such a radical shift in the first place. It concludes by showing that Weyl's shifting stances should be regarded as symptoms of a deep, convoluted intrapersonal process of self-deliberation induced by exposure to external criticism.</p>","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40341026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanical materialism and modern physics","authors":"Boris M. Hessen","doi":"10.1017/S0269889722000060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889722000060","url":null,"abstract":"[5] We will soon celebrate the fifth anniversary of the discussion with the mechanists about dialectics. Cde. Stepanov’s2 book, Dialectical Materialism and the Deborinite School, is truly a milestone, if not in content, then in form. It would be impossible to carry on the debate in the spirit of Cde. Stepanov’s book, in no small part because it exhausts every form of abuse acceptable to print. Whether or not a point of view is correct is not determined by the “strength” of the words employed in its defense, but by a methodological analysis of the content of a scientific problem within the historical development of science. Unfortunately, Cde. Stepanov’s latest article contains even less concrete material than his previous ones and, as we try to show, is not at all up to the standards of the modern science that Cde. Stepanov so earnestly defends. We believe that the main drawback of the book is that it carefully avoids every hotly debated problem of modern natural science, zealously defending against whatever attack by whomever against the law of energy conservation, which has long been accepted as ironclad in natural science, and which no one disputes. Cde. Stepanov replaces the discussion of new problems with curses and angry shouts. But swearing is a bad means of solving problems, and indirect proof that one is aware of the incorrectness of one’s own position: “Jupiter, you are angry, therefore you are wrong” (Dostoevsky 1900, 910 [TN]). We will not indulge Cde. Stepanov in his controversial methods, but will try to identify our point of view on the analysis of specific material in opposition to the mechanists’ point of view. Therefore, let us turn to an analysis of classical and modern natural science. From the outset, we will limit our task to the analysis of problems in physics.","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47044136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using one's talents in honor of God: Lambert ten Kate (1674-1731) and Isaac Newton's natural philosophy.","authors":"Steffen Ducheyne","doi":"10.1017/S0269889722000059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889722000059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lambert ten Kate (1674-1731), the scholar of language, religious writer, art theoretician and collector, and natural philosophy enthusiast, was part of an informal network of Amsterdam-based mathematics and natural philosophy enthusiasts who played a pivotal role in the early diffusion of Newton's natural philosophical ideas in the Dutch Republic. Because Ten Kate contributed to several areas of research, it is worth asking whether connections can be found between his different scholarly activities and, more specifically, whether his oeuvre as a whole was shaped by his religious views, as has been suggested. In this essay, I shall argue that his oeuvre was indeed shaped by his religious beliefs, which reflect elements typical of Dutch <i>doperdom</i>, but also reflect a more general Christian orientation that transcends confessional divides. More particularly, I aim to show that, if we want to understand why Ten Kate was drawn to the natural philosophy of his day, and especially to Isaac Newton's (1642-1727), and why he sought to promote it, we also need to pay attention to this broader Christian orientation in his thought. Along the way, I shall add nuance to earlier characterizations of how ten Kate mobilized Isaac Newton's natural philosophy according to his own agenda.</p>","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40341498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Representing vulnerable populations in genetic studies: The case of the Roma.","authors":"Veronika Lipphardt, Gudrun A Rappold, Mihai Surdu","doi":"10.1017/S0269889722000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889722000023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Moreau () has raised concerns about the use of DNA data obtained from vulnerable populations, such as the Uighurs in China. We discuss another case, situated in Europe and with a research history dating back 100 years: genetic investigations of Roma. In our article, we focus on problems surrounding representativity in these studies. We claim that many of the circa 440 publications in our sample neglect the methodological and conceptual challenges of representativity. Moreover, authors do not account for problematic misrepresentations of Roma resulting from the conceptual frameworks and sampling schemes they use. We question the representation of Roma as a \"genetic isolate\" and the underlying rationales, with a strong focus on sampling strategies. We discuss our results against the optimistic prognosis that the \"new genetics\" could help to overcome essentialist understandings of groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40341024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Animism and natural teleology from Avicenna to Boyle.","authors":"Jeff Kochan","doi":"10.1017/S0269889722000035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889722000035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Historians have claimed that the two closely related concepts of animism and natural teleology were both decisively rejected in the Scientific Revolution. They tout Robert Boyle as an early modern warden against pre-modern animism. Discussing Avicenna, Aquinas, and Buridan, as well as Renaissance psychology, I instead suggest that teleology went through a slow and uneven process of rationalization. As Neoplatonic theology gained influence over Aristotelian natural philosophy, the meaning of animism likewise grew obscure. Boyle, as some historians have shown, exemplifies this uneven process. There is an unresolved tension between his religious convictions and the implicit animism of his empirical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40341025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Comrade Timiryazev’s attitude towards contemporary science","authors":"Boris M. Hessen, Vasiliy P. Egorshin","doi":"10.1017/S0269889722000084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889722000084","url":null,"abstract":"[188] Our note, signed H.E., on the fifth Congress of Russian Physicists appeared in No. 1 [of this journal] (Gessen & Egorshin 1927a, 134–141 [TN]). Cde. A. Timiryazev3 was displeased with the note, especially with our brief report on the debate over his own report. We do not consider the pages of our journal to be a suitable place for conducting polemics on special issues in physics. The journal Under the Banner of Marxism4 has set other tasks for itself. Therefore, we will not enter into a discussion of the purely physical, experimental and technical aspects of the Dayton Miller5 and Kennedy experiments.6 Discussion on these matters should be conducted in special physics journals. That part of Cde. Timaryazev’s article devoted to the controversy and to Prof. S.I. Vavilov’s7 objections, would be most appropriate in the journal where S.I. Vavilov’s article was published.","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44932681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Levels of communication: The talking horse experiments.","authors":"Daniel Gethmann","doi":"10.1017/S0269889721000156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889721000156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the early twentieth century, counting and speaking horses, like the famous Clever Hans or the \"Horses of Elberfeld,\" became widely debated subjects in experimental psychology. The idea was to determine whether their learning success was only a fraud, or if it might open up a new chapter in \"animal psychology\" - or even belong to the realm of parapsychology and telepathy. When their tricks were discovered, the teachers of the animals were marked as charlatans. Both the attempts to detect charlatans and the efforts to avoid this accusation during the talking horse experiments proceeded using the method of introducing new levels of communication into the human-animal interaction process in order to substantiate each respective standpoint. This paper argues that the scientific studies and debates on the talking horses are relevant not only from psychological, biological, and semiotic vantage points, but also from the perspective of communications theory, giving rise to the foundational issue of levels of communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39741920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Becoming Eusapia: The rise of the \"Diva of Scientists\".","authors":"Francesco Paolo de Ceglia, Lorenzo Leporiere","doi":"10.1017/S026988972100020X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S026988972100020X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eusapia Palladino (1854-1918) is remembered as one of the most famous mediums in the history of spiritualism. Renowned scientists attended her séances in Europe and in the United States. They often had to admit to being unable to understand the origin of the phenomena produced. Cesare Lombroso, for example, after meeting Eusapia, was converted first to mediumism, then spiritualism. This article will retrace the early stages of her career as a medium and shed light on the way she managed to gain the attention of scientists. It will also show why they chose her as an epistemic object.</p>","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39741922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In memory of Miriam Greenfield","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0269889721000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269889721000211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49562,"journal":{"name":"Science in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42354776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}