Sleep Medicine ReviewsPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102182
Erren Thomas C, Morfeld Peter, Lewis Philip
{"title":"Chronotype and circadian epidemiology","authors":"Erren Thomas C, Morfeld Peter, Lewis Philip","doi":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102182","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49513,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Reviews","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102182"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sleep Medicine ReviewsPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102190
Garth M. Beache , Barbara Hutchinson , Betty Raman , Paul M. Macey , Nancy Pham , Patricia F. Rodriguez-Lozano , Nancy S. Redeker , Virend K. Somers
{"title":"Sleep apnea at the frontier— an integrated multidisciplinary functional framework","authors":"Garth M. Beache , Barbara Hutchinson , Betty Raman , Paul M. Macey , Nancy Pham , Patricia F. Rodriguez-Lozano , Nancy S. Redeker , Virend K. Somers","doi":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this review, we propose a systems-motivated approach to sleep apnea, as a well characterized disorder illustrative of the sleep-wake process. We advance a framework with mechanistic underpinning of the insulin-resistant cardiometabolic effects of obesity and its putative bi-directional relationship with sleep apnea. Such a physiological construct affords an integrated perspective where pathophysiological outcomes in the brain and heart can be objectively characterized by imaging methods that index functional derangements, including those related to clinical measures of metabolism and ischemia, as well as to translational indices of neurotransmitter signaling. A provocative complexity-analysis network model is explored as a novel formalism for brain macro-phenomena, such as the sleep-wake process, as an emergent property arising from the collective interactions of its micro-constituent very large number of neurons. Clinical management is highlighted at the intersection of guideline-directed cardiometabolic- and sleep- medicine, biopsychosocial interventions, and incorporation of newer pharmacological therapeutic advancements. Together, these disparate developments herald a new functional/physiological synergistic era in sleep medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49513,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Reviews","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102190"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sleep Medicine ReviewsPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102161
Andrea Romigi , Valentina Franco , Egeria Scoditti , Giulia Milan , Francesco Ceriello , Diego Centonze , Sergio Garbarino
{"title":"The effects of daylight saving time and clock time transitions on sleep and sleepiness: a systematic review","authors":"Andrea Romigi , Valentina Franco , Egeria Scoditti , Giulia Milan , Francesco Ceriello , Diego Centonze , Sergio Garbarino","doi":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Daylight Saving Time (DST) has been a subject of debate concerning its impact on human health, particularly sleep patterns and daytime sleepiness. This systematic review aims to synthesize existing research on the effects of DST on sleep quality, duration, and sleepiness, identifying gaps, and setting a future research agenda.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, according to the PRISMA guidelines. The included studies were those that examined the impact of DST on sleep outcomes and daytime sleepiness in populations aged 6–85 years, using objective and subjective measures of sleep.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The review analyzed 27 studies, revealing heterogeneous findings. The transition to DST was associated with adverse effects on sleep duration and quality, as well as increased sleepiness, more evident in evening chronotypes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although the transition to DST appears to negatively affect sleep patterns, particularly in spring and among evening chronotypes, definitive conclusions are hampered by methodological inconsistencies and external influences. This review highlights the need for future research employing standardized, objective measures across representative samples to elucidate the true impact of transitions to and from DST and the difference between standard time and permanent DST on sleep and daytime functioning. Addressing these gaps is crucial for informed public health policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49513,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Reviews","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102161"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sleep Medicine ReviewsPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102192
Zhen Peng , Xingwei Wu , Zongshi Qin , Suhail A. Doi , Luis Furuya-Kanamori , Yi Hong , Lifeng Lin , Haitao Chu , Chang Xu , Mingkai Liu
{"title":"Accuracy of large language models in data extraction from randomized controlled trials in sleep medicine: A proof-of-concept study","authors":"Zhen Peng , Xingwei Wu , Zongshi Qin , Suhail A. Doi , Luis Furuya-Kanamori , Yi Hong , Lifeng Lin , Haitao Chu , Chang Xu , Mingkai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This proof-of-concept study examined the performance of two prominent large language model <strong>(</strong>LLM)-based AI tools, ChatGPT 4o and Claude 3.5, in extracting data for four specific tasks: group size, event count, mean value, and standard deviation. Utilizing an established database that analyzed data extraction errors in systematic reviews on sleep medicine, we tested the ability of both AI tools to extract data from 648 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using single- and multiple-sentences prompting approaches. The accuracy of the extracted data was compared to error-corrected metadata, with an overall accuracy reaching up to 71.5 % (95 % CI: 69.3 %, 73.7 %) for Claude and 69.1 % (95 % CI: 66.8 %, 71.3 %) for ChatGPT. Claude demonstrated superior performance over ChatGPT across all tasks, with the largest accuracy difference of up to 12.7 % (OR = 1.70, 95 % CI: 1.38, 2.10). The single-sentence prompt led to lower accuracy compared to the multiple-sentences prompts, with the largest percentage difference being −11.0 % (OR = 0.64, 95 % CI: 0.52, 0.78). Both AI tools achieved strong performance in extracting group size data. These findings underscore the potential of AI tools like Claude, especially when combined with effective prompting strategies like multiple-sentences prompts, to assist data extraction in sleep medicine research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49513,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Reviews","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102192"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145453470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonobvious connections between napping and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Radosław Kaźmierski , Szymon Jurga , Izabela Wojtasz , Joanna Kostanek , Maria Łukasik , Cezary Watala","doi":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a meta-analysis and systematic review of research on the relationships between various aspects of naps and stroke risk. Two searches were conducted: a bibliographic search in four electronic databases for published articles that considered associations between the duration of napping and stroke risk versus a reference group (who did not nap) (n = 13) from inception up to July 15, 2024. The second search analyzed different features of napping (e.g., frequency, mild or severe napping, planned or unplanned, etc.) and stroke risk (n = 7). We found that the studies were very methodologically heterogeneous. Several publications reported more than one effect size. These differences allowed us to build models that describe the associations between napping and stroke. We used a funnel plot to estimate publication bias and employed a model of random effects for the analysis. The duration of naps was significantly associated with stroke risk; naps of 1–30 min had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.27, whereas naps >90 min had an OR of 1.79. Mutated forest plots were used to visualize the overall effects. We describe the pathomechanisms associated with an increased risk of hypertension and diabetes, mild inflammation, and other risk factors for stroke.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49513,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Reviews","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102157"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sleep Medicine ReviewsPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102213
Luciano F. Drager
{"title":"OSA, CPAP, and the impact on cardiometabolic parameters: what is next?","authors":"Luciano F. Drager","doi":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49513,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Reviews","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102213"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145670876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sleep Medicine ReviewsPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102163
Yixuan Cao , Tian Xie , Ning Ma
{"title":"The impairments of sleep loss on core executive functions: General and task-specific effects","authors":"Yixuan Cao , Tian Xie , Ning Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This meta-analysis quantified the impact of sleep loss (including both total sleep deprivation and partial sleep restriction) on core components of executive function: working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. A systematic search of Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed identified 79 relevant publications. Using random-effects models, pooled effect sizes for reaction time and accuracy metrics were estimated separately within each task category. All reaction time metrics, except for cognitive flexibility, increased significantly following sleep loss, with medium to near-large effect sizes. Analysis of accuracy metrics revealed medium to large effect sizes on task-switching and task-repeat performance of cognitive flexibility, as well as on working memory maintenance, whereas a small effect size was observed on resolving interference inhibition. These findings highlight pervasive damage to all executive function components and suggest that the impaired common factor of executive functions may underpin sleep loss–related deterioration. Furthermore, the discrepancies between reaction time and accuracy effect sizes indicate opposite speed-accuracy trade-offs following sleep loss between interference inhibition and cognitive flexibility. This study provides essential evidence for understanding how sleep loss affects different components of executive function, emphasizing the importance of exploring sleep loss–related impairments from a comprehensive perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49513,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Reviews","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102163"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sleep Medicine ReviewsPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102166
Yaqi Li , Tingting Zhao , Lizhuo Lin , Jingyuan Zhang , Sunliu Liu , Yueyi Wu , Carlos Flores-Mir , Fang Hua , Hong He
{"title":"The effects of mandibular advancement devices on pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: An umbrella review","authors":"Yaqi Li , Tingting Zhao , Lizhuo Lin , Jingyuan Zhang , Sunliu Liu , Yueyi Wu , Carlos Flores-Mir , Fang Hua , Hong He","doi":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This umbrella review evaluated the effects of mandibular advancement devices (MADs) on pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (PedOSA). We searched six databases for systematic reviews published up to June 2025, that included children with polysomnography (PSG)-diagnosed OSA managed with MADs. The primary outcome was the change in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Secondary outcomes included oxygen saturation and skeletal/dental changes. Twelve systematic reviews, including 7 meta-analyses, were included. Management with MADs resulted in a reduction in AHI and a slight improvement in sagittal mandibular position. However, significant heterogeneity was observed due to variations in device designs, treatment duration, and patient characteristics. Most findings were based on before-after studies, with limited randomized controlled trials, reducing the robustness of the results. The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews, assessed using AMSTAR 2, was predominantly low or critically low, indicating significant flaws. A corrected covered area (CCA) analysis revealed substantial overlap (20.7 %) in primary studies. While MADs show promise as an adjunctive therapy for PedOSA management in indicated cases, the low methodological quality of the included systematic reviews limits the strength of the evidence. High-quality primary studies and systematic reviews are needed to confirm the impact of MADs in PedOSA management and guide clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49513,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Reviews","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102166"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sleep Medicine ReviewsPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102164
Rob Velzeboer , Adeeb Malas , Sabrina Wei , Renee Berger , Varinder Parmar , Wayne W.K. Lai
{"title":"Cannabis and sleep architecture: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Rob Velzeboer , Adeeb Malas , Sabrina Wei , Renee Berger , Varinder Parmar , Wayne W.K. Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cannabis use for sleep is increasingly prevalent, yet its effects on sleep architecture remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined polysomnographic evidence on cannabis’ impact on sleep parameters. Eighteen studies were identified, with nine suitable for meta-analysis. Findings indicate that cannabis administration does not consistently alter sleep duration, latency, wake time, efficiency, or sleep staging. While early studies suggested reductions in rapid eye movement sleep, these were primarily based on small-scale trials with high tetrahydrocannabinol doses and significant methodological limitations. More recent studies using larger samples and lower therapeutic doses of tetrahydrocannabinol have reported mixed (and often no) evidence of rapid eye movement (REM) suppression, and the evidence base remains very limited. However, withdrawal from active cannabis use was consistently associated with sleep disturbances, including reduced total sleeping times and prolonged sleep onset latency, as well as REM rebounds. Variability in study outcomes highlights the influence of factors such as dosage, cannabinoid composition, prior cannabis use, and health conditions. Further research using standardised protocols and larger samples is needed to clarify the relationship between cannabis and sleep architecture and to address the discrepancies between subjective sleep improvements and objective sleep metrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49513,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Reviews","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102164"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sleep Medicine ReviewsPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102177
Sara Fattinger , Sven Leach , Reto Huber
{"title":"The dual-process model: Unlocking the potential of auditory stimulation to modulate brain oscillations during sleep","authors":"Sara Fattinger , Sven Leach , Reto Huber","doi":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Slow waves and spindles, key electrophysiological markers of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, are thought to play a causal role in sustaining brain functions. While their association with these functions has been recognized for decades, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Emerging evidence suggests that their functional role is defined not only by individual oscillations but also by the interplay of spatiotemporal neuronal synchronization. Recent studies modulating NREM sleep oscillations through auditory input have demonstrated direct behavioral effects, enabling new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for psychiatric and neurological disorders. However, clinical translation remains limited due to an incomplete understanding of the neuronal mechanisms. Here, we propose a new conceptual framework for auditory stimulation during NREM sleep, outlining how key stimulation parameters influence the spatiotemporal coordination of network activities underlying specific oscillations. This framework provides a foundation for interpreting the effects of auditory stimulation, formulating hypotheses on neuronal mechanisms, and identifying which synchronization processes to target for specific functions. Such foundational understanding is a prerequisite for establishing the causal role of distinct synchronization processes of NREM sleep oscillations in driving diverse brain functions - a critical step toward effectively applying and clinically translating brain stimulation techniques beyond auditory stimulation during NREM sleep.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49513,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Reviews","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102177"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}