IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-029

Kuniyasu Sugawara, Masaru Inatsu, Yusuke Harada

引用次数: 0

Scenario Dependence of Future Precipitation Changes across Japan in CMIP6 CMIP6 中日本各地未来降水变化的情景依赖性

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-028

Michiya Hayashi, Hideo Shiogama, Noriko N. Ishizaki, Yasutaka Wakazuki

{"title":"Scenario Dependence of Future Precipitation Changes across Japan in CMIP6","authors":"Michiya Hayashi, Hideo Shiogama, Noriko N. Ishizaki, Yasutaka Wakazuki","doi":"10.2151/sola.2024-028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-028","url":null,"abstract":"A bias-corrected downscaled 1-km mesh future climate dataset across Japan called NIES2020, based on five global climate models (GCMs) selected from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), has been used for regional impact assessments and adaptation studies under various emission scenarios. However, it is not yet revealed what determines the scenario dependence of the Japanese precipitation changes unscaled with global mean temperature changes. Here, we disentangled the inter-scenario differences in precipitation changes averaged across Japan. In the CMIP6 GCMs, the ensemble mean precipitation increases more in the mid-21st century under low-emission scenarios than higher-emission scenarios, consistent with NIES2020. In the low-emission scenarios, rapid reductions of anthropogenic aerosol emissions from East Asia enhance the surface downward shortwave radiation around Japan, promoting evaporation and precipitation. Such high precipitation sensitivity per degree of global warming is confirmed regardless of the season. In contrast, the precipitation increase is most suppressed under a high-emission scenario with weak air pollutant mitigation. Therefore, future precipitation changes across Japan are more constrained by aerosol emission changes than global warming levels, especially in the mid-21st century. This suggests climate response to air pollutant mitigations needs to be considered for implementing impact assessments and adaptation strategies in Japan.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141148037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Future changes in synoptic-scale conditions causing widespread heavy precipitation events over Japan 造成日本上空大范围强降水事件的同步尺度条件的未来变化

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-027

Shiori Sugimoto, Sachiho A. Adachi, Rui Ito, Chieko Suzuki

{"title":"Future changes in synoptic-scale conditions causing widespread heavy precipitation events over Japan","authors":"Shiori Sugimoto, Sachiho A. Adachi, Rui Ito, Chieko Suzuki","doi":"10.2151/sola.2024-027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-027","url":null,"abstract":"To identify and characterize the synoptic-scale precipitation systems causing widespread heavy precipitation events over Japan and to evaluate their possible future changes, annual maximum of area-averaged daily and 5-day accumulated precipitation for 720 years were analyzed for both historical and 4 K warming climates using a large ensemble dataset with 5 km horizontal resolution. According to statistical cluster analysis, the approach of tropical cyclones is the primary factor causing widespread heavy precipitation events in both the historical and 4 K warming experiments, although the Baiu front and migratory extratropical cyclones also contribute to event occurrence. The frequency of tropical-cyclone-associated events is lower in the 4 K warming climate compared with the historical experiment because the occurrence frequency of tropical cyclones is lower over the western North Pacific. The decrease in frequency of tropical-cyclone-associated events leads to a relative increase in the frequency of events associated with other precipitation systems (i.e., the Baiu front and migratory extratropical cyclones) under the warming climate. The anomalous moisture supply in the 4 K warming experiment causes the widespread heavy precipitation derived from the Baiu front and migratory extratropical cyclones to intensify to reach a magnitude comparable to that of historical-climate tropical-cyclone-associated events.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141148077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical Simulation of a Case of Heavy Rainfall in the Northern Tohoku Region of Japan on 9 August 2013 2013 年 8 月 9 日日本东北北部地区暴雨案例的数值模拟

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.2151/sola.20a-001

Keisuke Ono, Junshi Ito

引用次数: 0

Interannual and Diurnal Variations in the Frequency of Heavy Rainfall Events in the Kyushu area, western Japan during the rainy season 日本西部九州地区雨季暴雨频率的年际变化和昼夜变化

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-026

Teruyuki Kato

{"title":"Interannual and Diurnal Variations in the Frequency of Heavy Rainfall Events in the Kyushu area, western Japan during the rainy season","authors":"Teruyuki Kato","doi":"10.2151/sola.2024-026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-026","url":null,"abstract":"The interannual variation in the number of heavy rainfall events in Japan in 1976-2022, extracted from 3-hour accumulated precipitation (P3H) data exceeding 130 mm, showed a relatively large relationship (correlation coefficient 0.45) with sea surface temperature (SST) around the Japanese Islands. In the Kyushu area during the rainy season (June-July), the correlation coefficient with SST became considerably smaller, while a relatively large relationship (correlation coefficient 0.45) was found with the appearance frequency of 500m-height water vapor flux above 250 g m−2 s−1, suggesting that the interannual variation could be considerably influenced by the synoptic scale pressure pattern. Diurnal variations in the number of heavy rainfall events, including long-term increasing trends, were also investigated. Although less significant diurnal variations were observed on the annual basis, the events in the Kyushu area were more frequent in the morning (7-9 JST: JST = UTC + 9 hours) during the rainy season. In the Kyushu area, the 47-year long-term trend of heavy rainfall events in 4-9 JST was a 7.47-fold increase in June and July, while it was only a 1.35-fold increase in the other months.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantitative evaluation of graupel shape observed by new particle imaging radiosonde, Rainscope – A case study of a convective cloud on 25 June, 2022 新型粒子成像雷达探测仪 Rainscope 观测到的灰砾形状的定量评估 - 2022 年 6 月 25 日对流云的案例研究

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-025

Yurika Hara, Kenji Suzuki, Tetsuya Kawano

{"title":"Quantitative evaluation of graupel shape observed by new particle imaging radiosonde, Rainscope – A case study of a convective cloud on 25 June, 2022","authors":"Yurika Hara, Kenji Suzuki, Tetsuya Kawano","doi":"10.2151/sola.2024-025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-025","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the shape and fall velocity of precipitation particles in convective clouds observed by Rainscope to better understand graupel formation processes. Rainscope is a newly developed particle imaging radiosonde that provides much clearer precipitation particle images than those obtained by a conventional videosonde. In addition, it can measure particle fall velocities in clouds. Rainscope was launched into a convective cloud with active lightning and gusts on 25 June, 2022. The particle images captured by Rainscope provide detailed information on particle shapes, surface conditions, and contours, facilitating the quantitative evaluation of particle shape. The observed circularity, defined as a function of the particle circumference, and aspect ratio* indicate that graupel just above the freezing level, which coexisted with frozen particles, differs from graupel with an ice crystal as an embryo. The particle fall velocity of graupel in the lower layer was smaller than that of frozen particles and larger than that of general graupel, which forms from an ice crystal. Therefore, graupel in the lower layer likely originated from a frozen particle, which was formed by freezing a raindrop lifted by updrafts and then rimed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rapid increase in extreme snowfall events over the last 40 years in Northeast China 过去 40 年中国东北地区极端降雪事件迅速增加

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-024

Shi-Qi Xu, Hui Gao, Xue-Yan Yang, Jie Wu

{"title":"Rapid increase in extreme snowfall events over the last 40 years in Northeast China","authors":"Shi-Qi Xu, Hui Gao, Xue-Yan Yang, Jie Wu","doi":"10.2151/sola.2024-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-024","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the station observations and reanalysis data, this study investigates the temporal variation characteristics of winter extreme snowfall events over Northeast China (NEC) and the possible causes involved. In recent four decades, the snowfall amount over NEC has a significant increasing trend, especially during the 21st century, which is dominated by its extreme component. On the contrary, the snowfall days over NEC exhibit an opposite variation trend, showing a rapid decrease during the research period. The opposite variation trends suggest a rapid increase of extreme snowfall events in this region. Composite results of 39 extreme snowfall cases reveal that the dominant circulation pattern causing the extreme events is the enhanced local meridional circulation over the north NEC, and significant relationships can be found between the northeast cold vortex (NECV) and extreme snowfall event. During the 21st century, both the 500 hPa geopotential height and the 850 hPa air temperature present negative tendencies over the middle and high latitudes of Asian continent. This is beneficial for stronger and more frequent northerly winds behind NECV to cause more intensified low-level convergence over this region and finally trigger more extreme snowfall events.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140942295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heavy snowfall has already been enhanced by anthropogenic global warming in Japan 日本的大雪已因全球人为变暖而增多

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-023

Hiroaki Kawase, Shunichi I. Watanabe, Tosiyuki Nakaegawa, Yukiko Imada

{"title":"Heavy snowfall has already been enhanced by anthropogenic global warming in Japan","authors":"Hiroaki Kawase, Shunichi I. Watanabe, Tosiyuki Nakaegawa, Yukiko Imada","doi":"10.2151/sola.2024-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-023","url":null,"abstract":"Large-ensemble experiments with global and regional climate models enable us to assess changes in the risks of local-scale heavy snowfall due to anthropogenic global warming. We conduct 100-ensemble historical and non-warming global climate experiments forced by oceanic conditions in 2021/22 when La Niña phenomena occurred, and conduct dynamical downscaling using regional climate models with 20 km and 5 km grid intervals. The 10-year return values of total winter snowfall decrease in most of Japan due to anthropogenic global warming, while they increase at high elevations and the northern parts of Japan. The winter-maximum daily snowfall is enhanced not only over high elevations but also over low elevations in Japan. Tsunan Town is located in an inland area of central Japan where the winter-maximum daily snowfall is enhanced by anthropogenic global warming. Composite analyses of winter-maximum daily snowfall events at the Tsunan weather station indicate that the enhancement of daily snowfall due to anthropogenic global warming is related to deeper troughs at 500 hPa and warmer and more humid air in the lower atmosphere in the historical 2021/22 winter than those in the non-global-warming 2021/22 winter.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140810392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of turbulent transport schemes for heavy precipitation associated with Typhoon Lan (2023) 台风 "兰"（2023 年）相关强降水的湍流传输方案比较

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-022

Mikio Nakanishi

引用次数: 0

On the temperature-depleted layer at 30-36 km altitude observed by high-altitude radiosonde observations in Okinawa on September, 2022 关于 2022 年 9 月在冲绳通过高空无线电探空仪观测到的 30-36 千米高空的温度贫化层

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-021

Takenari Kinoshita, Shin-Ya Ogino, Junko Suzuki, Ryuichi Shirooka, Satoru Yokoi

{"title":"On the temperature-depleted layer at 30-36 km altitude observed by high-altitude radiosonde observations in Okinawa on September, 2022","authors":"Takenari Kinoshita, Shin-Ya Ogino, Junko Suzuki, Ryuichi Shirooka, Satoru Yokoi","doi":"10.2151/sola.2024-021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-021","url":null,"abstract":" Since the end of continuous rocket-sonde observations, which had been conducted until the 1990s, direct observations at altitudes higher than 30 km have been conducted only intermittently, so there are fewer observation data than in lower altitude regions. In the present study, we conducted radiosonde observations with large rubber balloons to obtain vertical structures of wind velocity and temperature at altitudes higher than 30 km from 27th September to 3rd October 2022 at the University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa Island, Japan. During the observation period, temperatures from 20 to 40 km altitude basically increased monotonically, including small perturbations. However, an observation at 1730 JST on 28th September showed a remarkable continuous decrease with altitude in temperature at 30-36 km altitude. This was also confirmed by Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC)-2 GNSS-RO temperature data observed near Okinawa Island and ERA5 reanalysis data. Using the ERA5 reanalysis and radiosonde observation data, we found that the temperature-depleted layer is caused by a planetary-scale wave and upward energy propagating inertia gravity wave.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140584406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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