Sola最新文献 - Book学术

Effects of soil texture datasets on FGOALS-g3 global long-term simulations 土壤质地数据集对 FGOALS-g3 全球长期模拟的影响

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-047

Kun Xia, Ye Pu, Lijuan Li, Bin Wang

{"title":"Effects of soil texture datasets on FGOALS-g3 global long-term simulations","authors":"Kun Xia, Ye Pu, Lijuan Li, Bin Wang","doi":"10.2151/sola.2024-047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-047","url":null,"abstract":"Soil physical properties are critical to the energy and water balance between land and atmosphere interactions. Accurate soil data inputs could improve the simulations in land surface models and numerical weather models. However, further efforts are required to access the impact of soil data changes on global long-term simulations for climate system models. The Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model: Grid-Point Version 3 (FGOALS-g3) in an Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) - style configuration with two different soil texture datasets is employed to investigate the role of soil texture in the long-term simulations of hydrological and related atmospheric variables. The results show that the difference in sand and clay content between the two datasets is slight in the global mean but exhibits regional heterogeneity. Updating soil texture data considerably reduced the deviation of global annual mean surface soil moisture, with significant improvements occurring in regions with the most remarkable changes in sandy soil content. However, there is almost no improvement in runoff, precipitation, and temperature on the global annual mean scale due to the complexity of the impact factor. Simulations of long-term soil moisture would be enhanced with more accurate data on soil texture.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Massive Parameter Sweep Experiment on Convective Cloud Environment: Changes in Rainfall Characteristics in Moisture–Instability–Shear Space 对流云环境的大规模参数扫描实验：水分-不稳定性-剪切空间中降雨特征的变化

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.2151/sola.20b-001

Kenta Sueki

{"title":"Massive Parameter Sweep Experiment on Convective Cloud Environment: Changes in Rainfall Characteristics in Moisture–Instability–Shear Space","authors":"Kenta Sueki","doi":"10.2151/sola.20b-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.20b-001","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to generalize the understanding of the dependence of convective clouds on the environment. We conducted a massive parameter sweep experiment on convective cloud environments using the warm bubble method with 15600 different profiles to examine how the rainfall characteristics of convective clouds change in response to environmental changes. The experiment showed that an increase in the conditional instability resulted in a significant increase in the total rainfall amount by several orders of magnitude, even when the precipitable water was almost identical. Vertical wind shear either enhanced or suppressed convective rainfall, depending on the degree of conditional instability. The threshold of conditional instability at which the effect of vertical shear switched from suppression to enhancement lowered as the magnitude of vertical shear increased. Regarding the depth of the shear layer, the effect of vertical shear became more significant as the depth increased from 3 km to 6 km. The drastic change in the rainfall amount reflects a shift in the mode of convective cloud development. When the conditional instability was large, vertical shear changed the convective cloud development from the “decay mode” to the “growth mode” in some environments, resulting in a significant increase in the rainfall amount.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving Air-Sea Observations of Typhoons Using Wave Gliders 利用波浪滑翔机改进台风的海空观测

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-046

Naoko Kosaka, Naoto Endou, Tsuneko Kura, Yusuke Umemiya, Yuka Shinozaki, Hiroshi Matsubara, Masaki Hisada, Tunggul Bhirawa, Akinori Murata, Satoshi Mitarai

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Anthropogenic Global Warming and Oceanic Forcing on the Frequency of Quasi-stationary Band-Shaped Precipitation Systems, “Senjo-Kousuitai”, during the Rainy Season of 2023 人为全球变暖和海洋强迫对 2023 年雨季准静止带状降水系统 "千丈光辉 "频率的影响

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.2151/sola.20a-002

Shun-ichi I. Watanabe, Hiroaki Kawase, Yukiko Imada, Yasutaka Hirockawa

{"title":"The Impact of Anthropogenic Global Warming and Oceanic Forcing on the Frequency of Quasi-stationary Band-Shaped Precipitation Systems, “Senjo-Kousuitai”, during the Rainy Season of 2023","authors":"Shun-ichi I. Watanabe, Hiroaki Kawase, Yukiko Imada, Yasutaka Hirockawa","doi":"10.2151/sola.20a-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.20a-002","url":null,"abstract":"“Senjo-kousuitai” is a quasi-stationary band-shaped precipitation system (QSBPSs). Its frequency of occurrence over Japan during the 2023 rainy season was higher than usual, especially in Kyushu. This paper evaluates the impact of historical anthropogenic global warming and natural variability on the frequency of QSBPSs using risk-based event attribution based on a 100-ensemble regional climate simulation with 5-km grid spacing. In the historical ensemble experiments, the frequency of QSBPSs during the 2023 rainy season exceeded that expected in a typical year. The re-analysis and the ensemble experiment showed a westward extension of the Pacific subtropical high that led to an enhanced water vapor flux over Kyushu, indicating that this synoptic condition was forced by the global distribution of sea surface temperature during the 2023 rainy season. A comparison between historical and non-warming experiments demonstrated that historical anthropogenic global warming increases the occurrence probability of QSBPSs. The rising temperature results in a higher frequency of inflow of large amounts of water vapor, which facilitates the development of QSBPSs. In addition, the decrease in atmospheric stability at low levels, caused by the increase in sea surface temperature, is likely to contribute to an increasing probability of QSBPSs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Compact Microwave Radiometer for Water Vapor Estimation with Machine Learning Method 利用机器学习方法估算水蒸气的紧凑型微波辐射计

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-045

Masahiro Minowa, Kentaro Araki, Yuya Takashima

{"title":"Compact Microwave Radiometer for Water Vapor Estimation with Machine Learning Method","authors":"Masahiro Minowa, Kentaro Araki, Yuya Takashima","doi":"10.2151/sola.2024-045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-045","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a compact ground-based microwave radiometer (MWR) for estimating water vapor. The MWR observes radio wave intensity at frequencies between 17.9 and 26.4 GHz across 34 channels and estimates precipitable water vapor (PWV) and the profile of water vapor density using machine learning methods. Data from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and radiosonde (SONDE) collected at the Meteorological Research Institute of the Japan Meteorological Agency were used to train and evaluate the machine learning models. Data from June 2021 to March 2022 were used for training, and data from April 2022 to March 2023 were used for evaluation. As a result, the maximum root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of MWR-derived PWV compared to GNSS-derived PWV and MWR-derived water vapor density compared to SONDE at the lowest layer of the atmosphere were 2.7 mm and 2.4 g m−3, respectively. Analysis of the error characteristics of water vapor estimation showed that both PWV and water vapor density profiles had errors in the presence of cloud water, as determined by infrared radiometer, and high accuracy in the absence of cloud water. The estimation accuracy was also affected by fog and water vapor inversion layer.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Typhoon associated with strong winds during the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake 1923 年关东大地震期间与强风有关的台风

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-044

Toshihiko Hashida, Hironori Fudeyasu, Yasutomo Kiyohara

引用次数: 0

Impacts of local topography on snowfall distribution in the Kanto Plain: A case study 当地地形对关东平原降雪分布的影响：案例研究

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-043

Hiroaki Kawase, Takahiro Ito, Yukiko Sakamoto, Yuya Takane

{"title":"Impacts of local topography on snowfall distribution in the Kanto Plain: A case study","authors":"Hiroaki Kawase, Takahiro Ito, Yukiko Sakamoto, Yuya Takane","doi":"10.2151/sola.2024-043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-043","url":null,"abstract":"On February 5, 2024, an extratropical cyclone passing the south coast of Japan brought 8 cm of snow to Tokyo, while in Tsukuba, located about 50 km from Tokyo, the snow cover was 0 cm. We investigated the mechanism generating the inhomogeneous distribution of snow cover using a numerical weather model with 1 km grid spacings. Our numerical simulation shows that a coastal front is located on the eastern coast of the Kanto Plain. On the other hand, a relatively warm area broadly spreads from the leeward side of mountainous areas including Mt. Tsukuba. A strong downward flow related to a gravity wave caused by the mountainous area brings adiabatic warming on the leeward side of the mountains. This adiabatic heating accelerates snowfall melting at the low troposphere, and the melting layer is higher on the leeward side of the mountains. Also, the adiabatic heating reduces relative humidity and decreases total precipitation amount. As a result, there is much less snowfall on the leeward side of the mountainous areas, including Tsukuba observational station, as compared with neighboring areas. A numerical simulation with 5 km grid spacings cannot simulate the local-scale snowfall distribution around the mountainous areas.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Linear Mountain Waves in Flow Past a Mountain Range with Concavity and Convexity 流经凹凸山脉的线性山波

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-042

Kazuo Saito

{"title":"Linear Mountain Waves in Flow Past a Mountain Range with Concavity and Convexity","authors":"Kazuo Saito","doi":"10.2151/sola.2024-042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-042","url":null,"abstract":" The interaction of airflow with mountain ranges in a stable atmosphere generates internal gravity waves, leading to wind deceleration on the windward side and acceleration on the lee side. Recent studies have explored airflow over the bended mountain range, characterized by convexity on the windward side and concavity on the lee side. In this study, we have computed linear analytic solutions for three-dimensional mountain waves over such terrains, and examined the surface winds (u and v), and horizontal divergence. Our analysis reveals that when the terrain features convexity on the windward side and concavity on the lee side, surface wind speed amplifies within the area of concave region through the low-level convergence. In the bell-cosine mountain range, the maximum downslope wind exceeds that predicted by the analytic linear solution for the two-dimensional bell-shaped mountain range (U + NH/2). However, it does not surpass the maximum wind observed for the 2-dimensional bell-cosine mountain range. The presence of the convex bend in the mountain range yields flow splitting in the upwind side and does not promote downslope wind and wave breaking. The presence of concavity in the lee side amplifies the downslope wind by low level convergence in the lee side and convexity in the windward side of a mountain range has the potential to enhance downslope winds when the terrain slope becomes asymmetric. Our findings shed light on the potential enhancement of downslope winds in mountain ranges exhibiting such terrain features.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Levels of turbulence intensity associated with transverse bands in the upper troposphere near Japan: Comparison with and without wave-like patterns on cloud tops 日本附近对流层高层与横向带相关的湍流强度水平：云顶有波浪状图案与无波浪状图案的比较

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-041

Yuka Fujita, Yasushi Watarai, Atsushi Kudo

引用次数: 0

Weather classifications for high temperatures in Japanese cities 日本城市高温天气分级

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-040

Ryo N. Matsuoka, Masaru Inatsu

引用次数: 0