Massive Parameter Sweep Experiment on Convective Cloud Environment: Changes in Rainfall Characteristics in Moisture–Instability–Shear Space

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI:10.2151/sola.20b-001

Kenta Sueki

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Abstract

This study aimed to generalize the understanding of the dependence of convective clouds on the environment. We conducted a massive parameter sweep experiment on convective cloud environments using the warm bubble method with 15600 different profiles to examine how the rainfall characteristics of convective clouds change in response to environmental changes. The experiment showed that an increase in the conditional instability resulted in a significant increase in the total rainfall amount by several orders of magnitude, even when the precipitable water was almost identical. Vertical wind shear either enhanced or suppressed convective rainfall, depending on the degree of conditional instability. The threshold of conditional instability at which the effect of vertical shear switched from suppression to enhancement lowered as the magnitude of vertical shear increased. Regarding the depth of the shear layer, the effect of vertical shear became more significant as the depth increased from 3 km to 6 km. The drastic change in the rainfall amount reflects a shift in the mode of convective cloud development. When the conditional instability was large, vertical shear changed the convective cloud development from the “decay mode” to the “growth mode” in some environments, resulting in a significant increase in the rainfall amount.

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对流云环境的大规模参数扫描实验：水分-不稳定性-剪切空间中降雨特征的变化

本研究旨在推广对流云对环境依赖性的认识。我们使用暖气泡法对对流云环境进行了大规模参数扫描实验，共使用了 15600 个不同的剖面，以研究对流云的降雨特征如何随环境变化而变化。实验表明，即使可降水量几乎相同，条件不稳定性的增加也会导致总降雨量显著增加几个数量级。垂直风切变会增强或抑制对流降雨，这取决于条件不稳定性的程度。随着垂直切变幅度的增加，垂直切变从抑制作用转为增强作用的条件不稳定性临界值降低。在切变层的深度方面，随着深度从 3 千米增加到 6 千米，垂直切变的影响变得更加显著。降雨量的急剧变化反映了对流云发展模式的转变。当条件不稳定性较大时，垂直切变在某些环境中使对流云的发展从 "衰减模式 "转变为 "增长模式"，导致降雨量显著增加。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.