Massive Parameter Sweep Experiment on Convective Cloud Environment: Changes in Rainfall Characteristics in Moisture–Instability–Shear Space

IF 1.7 4区地球科学 Q4 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Sola Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI:10.2151/sola.20b-001

Kenta Sueki

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Abstract

This study aimed to generalize the understanding of the dependence of convective clouds on the environment. We conducted a massive parameter sweep experiment on convective cloud environments using the warm bubble method with 15600 different profiles to examine how the rainfall characteristics of convective clouds change in response to environmental changes. The experiment showed that an increase in the conditional instability resulted in a significant increase in the total rainfall amount by several orders of magnitude, even when the precipitable water was almost identical. Vertical wind shear either enhanced or suppressed convective rainfall, depending on the degree of conditional instability. The threshold of conditional instability at which the effect of vertical shear switched from suppression to enhancement lowered as the magnitude of vertical shear increased. Regarding the depth of the shear layer, the effect of vertical shear became more significant as the depth increased from 3 km to 6 km. The drastic change in the rainfall amount reflects a shift in the mode of convective cloud development. When the conditional instability was large, vertical shear changed the convective cloud development from the “decay mode” to the “growth mode” in some environments, resulting in a significant increase in the rainfall amount.

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对流云环境的大规模参数扫描实验：水分-不稳定性-剪切空间中降雨特征的变化

本研究旨在推广对流云对环境依赖性的认识。我们使用暖气泡法对对流云环境进行了大规模参数扫描实验，共使用了 15600 个不同的剖面，以研究对流云的降雨特征如何随环境变化而变化。实验表明，即使可降水量几乎相同，条件不稳定性的增加也会导致总降雨量显著增加几个数量级。垂直风切变会增强或抑制对流降雨，这取决于条件不稳定性的程度。随着垂直切变幅度的增加，垂直切变从抑制作用转为增强作用的条件不稳定性临界值降低。在切变层的深度方面，随着深度从 3 千米增加到 6 千米，垂直切变的影响变得更加显著。降雨量的急剧变化反映了对流云发展模式的转变。当条件不稳定性较大时，垂直切变在某些环境中使对流云的发展从 "衰减模式 "转变为 "增长模式"，导致降雨量显著增加。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Sola 地学-气象与大气科学

CiteScore

3.50

自引率

21.10%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： SOLA (Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere) is a peer-reviewed, Open Access, online-only journal. It publishes scientific discoveries and advances in understanding in meteorology, climatology, the atmospheric sciences and related interdisciplinary areas. SOLA focuses on presenting new and scientifically rigorous observations, experiments, data analyses, numerical modeling, data assimilation, and technical developments as quickly as possible. It achieves this via rapid peer review and publication of research letters, published as Regular Articles. Published and supported by the Meteorological Society of Japan, the journal follows strong research and publication ethics principles. Most manuscripts receive a first decision within one month and a decision upon resubmission within a further month. Accepted articles are then quickly published on the journal’s website, where they are easily accessible to our broad audience.