Débora A Knihs, Chris Bishop, Marina S da S Athayde, Everton W Gomes, Juliano Dal Pupo
{"title":"Are dry-land measurements and their asymmetries related to swimming performance?","authors":"Débora A Knihs, Chris Bishop, Marina S da S Athayde, Everton W Gomes, Juliano Dal Pupo","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2453555","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2453555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to verify the correlations between variables obtained from dry-land tests and swimming performance, in addition to examining the associations between the dry-land asymmetries and swimming performance. Thirty-seven male swimmers performed a test battery, including shoulder isokinetic torque, shoulder range of motion (ROM), vertical jump, anthropometric, and in-water force tests. Additionally, the best official performance in the events of 50 and 200 m front crawl was obtained. Interlimb asymmetries were calculated for all tested metrics, and Pearson and Spearman's correlations were used to determine the association between the metrics (and their asymmetries) and swimming performance. Results showed that most of the dry-land metrics were significantly associated with 50 m front crawl (<i>r</i> = -0.59 to -0.83) and 200 m front crawl (<i>r</i> = -0.48 to -0.62) performance and with peak force at tethered swimming (<i>r</i> = 0.54 -0.80), except the ROM test (<i>r</i> = -0.22 -0.33). None of the asymmetries originating from the dry-land tests were significantly correlated with swimming performance (<i>ρ</i> = -0.29 -0.34). In conclusion, most dry-land outcomes measured are related to swimming performance, while the dry-land inter-limb asymmetries are not.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew Klein, Chris Patterson, Annette Karim, Tyler Cuddeford
{"title":"Hopping kinetic differences in masters runners with and without Achilles tendinopathy.","authors":"Matthew Klein, Chris Patterson, Annette Karim, Tyler Cuddeford","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2451689","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2451689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is the most common running-related pathology among masters runners. Previous evidence suggests there are no differences in submaximal running biomechanics between masters runners with and without AT. Evidence suggests lower extremity power deficits are common among ageing individuals and those with AT. The single-leg horizontal hop (SLHH) test is a valid and reliable lower extremity power test. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in SLHH biomechanics between masters runners with and without AT. 32 masters runners age 50 and older with AT (60.31 ± 8.37, <i>n</i> = 16) and without (59.94 ± 4.95 <i>n</i> = 16) were included. 3D motion capture and force plates were used to assess hopping biomechanics. Masters runners with AT had significantly lower peak ankle plantarflexion positive power peak hip extensor positive power and peak hip extension moments compared to healthy controls. No differences in peak ankle plantarflexion moments and knee kinetics were observed between groups. Masters runners with AT demonstrate altered lower extremity biomechanics during the propulsive phase of the SLHH, suggesting they may not be able to appropriately generate forces and release stored energy from the Achilles tendon during maximal efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brandi E Decoux, Christopher M Wilburn, Philipe Aldahir, Megan A Gordon, Wendi H Weimar
{"title":"Inter-segmental coordination variability during hopping and running on natural and synthetic turf surfaces.","authors":"Brandi E Decoux, Christopher M Wilburn, Philipe Aldahir, Megan A Gordon, Wendi H Weimar","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2450656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2025.2450656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An athlete's performance and musculoskeletal health hinges on their ability to adapt their movements to varying environmental constraints. However, research has yet to offer a thorough understanding of whether coordination variability is altered in response to different synthetic and natural turf surfaces. The purpose of this study was to investigate lower extremity coordination variability during hopping and running on four turf surfaces-three synthetic and one natural. Continuous relative phase (CRP) variability of six segment couplings was computed to examine coordination variability during the braking and propulsion sub-phases of running and hopping. Coordination variability in the sagittal plane pelvis-thigh coupling during the braking sub-phase of hopping was significantly affected by turf surface (<i>χ</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> (3) = 8.365, <i>p</i> = .039), with significantly less CRP variability observed on the firmest of the synthetic surfaces compared to the natural turf (55.3° ± 16.8° vs. 67.1° ± 17.2°, <i>p</i> = .032, <i>W =</i> .16). No other significant surface effects were observed. Our findings suggest that lower extremity inter-segmental coordination variability is largely unaffected by different turf surfaces during an acute exposure. However, the reduced variability observed between the pelvis and thigh during hopping may indicate decreased flexibility of the motor system and warrants further attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micah C Garcia, Bryan C Heiderscheit, Emily Kraus, Amanda M Murray, Grant E Norte, David M Bazett-Jones
{"title":"Influence of cadence manipulation on running biomechanics in high school cross-country runners.","authors":"Micah C Garcia, Bryan C Heiderscheit, Emily Kraus, Amanda M Murray, Grant E Norte, David M Bazett-Jones","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2450644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2025.2450644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing cadence is an intervention to reduce injury risk for adolescent long-distance runners. It is unknown how adolescents respond biomechanically when running with a higher than preferred cadence. We examined the influence of increasing cadence on peak joint angles, moments and powers, and ground reaction forces in long-distance runners. We collected three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics for 31 high school cross-country runners during overground running at their preferred cadence (baseline), +5%, and +10% baseline cadence. We performed repeated-measures ANOVAs to compare peak joint angles, moments and powers, and ground reactions forces among cadence conditions. Increasing cadence reduced peak pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle joint angles (<i>p</i> ≤ .01), peak knee moment and powers (<i>p</i> < .001), peak ankle power (<i>p</i> ≤ .01), and peak ground reaction forces (<i>p</i> ≤ .01) but increased peak hip moment and powers (<i>p</i> < .001). Increasing cadence by 10% elicited greater magnitude changes compared to increasing cadence by 5%. Increasing cadence may be a beneficial intervention to reduce lower extremity peak joint angles and knee kinetics for adolescent long-distance runners. The increase in hip kinetics when running at a higher than preferred cadence indicates this intervention increases the loads applied to the hip for adolescent long-distance runners.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stroke phase differences in the linear relationship between swimming velocity and vertical body position during front crawl.","authors":"Sohei Washino, Akihiko Murai, Tomoya Kadi, Hirotoshi Mankyu, Yasuhide Yoshitake","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2446180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2024.2446180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to investigate whether a linear relationship exists between swimming velocity and vertical body position for each stroke phase in front crawl, and to determine whether there are differences in the velocity effect among the stroke phases. Eleven male swimmers performed a 15 m front crawl at various swimming velocities. The whole-body centre of mass (CoM) was estimated from individual digital human models using inverse kinematics. The horizontal CoM velocity and vertical CoM position from the water surface were calculated for one stroke cycle and divided into five stroke phases: entry, pull, push, release, and recovery. Linear mixed-effects model analysis revealed a positive trend between the mean swimming velocity and the mean vertical CoM position for each stroke phase (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for all phases). The interaction term between stroke phase and swimming velocity was significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and the slopes of the propulsive phases (pull and push) were larger than those of the non-propulsive phases (entry, release, and recovery) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). These findings provide practical implications that vertical body position can be evaluated independently of the stroke phase while considering velocity effects, and that focusing on propulsive phases allows easier detection of vertical body position changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maolin Dong, Ming Li, Qingling Qu, Youngsuk Kim, Sukwon Kim
{"title":"Arm slot angles affect elbow and shoulder joint torque in elite college pitchers.","authors":"Maolin Dong, Ming Li, Qingling Qu, Youngsuk Kim, Sukwon Kim","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2431927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2024.2431927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The arm slot (AS) angle reflects the pitching style of baseball pitchers. Baseball pitchers at different levels exhibit different AS angle distributions and different pitching mechanics. The present study divided 66 elite baseball pitchers from the Open Biomechanics database into 3 groups based on AS angles: ASMi, ASMo, ASMa. The purpose of this study was to compare 30 kinematic and 10 kinetic differences between elite college baseball pitchers with different AS angles (reflective of pitching style) during pitching and to investigate the relationship between AS angle and selected shoulder and elbow kinetic parameters. The results of the study showed that the ASMa (67.31 ± 6.88°) had less trunk forward flexion and contralateral tilt at BR. Additionally, ASMa had significantly less elbow varus torque, greater elbow varus torque efficiency and shoulder internal rotation torque efficiency compared to the ASMi. AS angle had a significant negative correlation with elbow varus torque and a significant positive correlation with elbow varus torque and shoulder internal rotation torque efficiency, with an increase in elbow varus torque of approximately 4.23 N for every 10° increase in AS angles. AS angles associated with pitching style affect shoulder and elbow joint loading and corresponding biomechanical efficiency in elite college pitchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2023-03-03DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2184419
Nahoko Sato, Hiroyuki Nunome, Yuichi Mizukami
{"title":"Comparison of soccer instep kicking kinematics with and without elastic taping.","authors":"Nahoko Sato, Hiroyuki Nunome, Yuichi Mizukami","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2184419","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2184419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to determine the effect of elastic taping on soccer instep kicking kinematics. Fifteen male university soccer players performed maximal instep kicking with and without Y-shaped elastic taping on the skin surface of the rectus femoris muscle. Their kicking motions were captured at 500 Hz using a motion capture system. The thickness of the rectus femoris muscle was measured using an ultrasound scanner prior to the kicking session. The thickness of the rectus femoris muscle and kicking leg kinematics in both the conditions were compared. The thickness of the rectus femoris muscle increased significantly after elastic tape application. In conjunction with this change, kinematic variables of the kicking leg, such as peak hip flexion angular velocity and knee and foot linear velocities significantly increased. However, there was no change in the knee extension angular and hip linear velocities. The elastic tape application caused deformation of the rectus femoris muscle and improvement of the instep kicking performance. The study findings provide a new insight on the effect of elastic taping on dynamic sports performance, such as in soccer instep kicking.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"53-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9369494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2022-12-29DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2159507
Sam Jones, Hiroyuki Nunome, Simon Augustus, James C A Peacock, Kevin Ball, Neil E Bezodis
{"title":"Understanding the effects of ball orientation in Rugby Union place kicking: the preferences of international kickers and the kinematics of the foot-ball impact.","authors":"Sam Jones, Hiroyuki Nunome, Simon Augustus, James C A Peacock, Kevin Ball, Neil E Bezodis","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2022.2159507","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2022.2159507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rugby Union place kicking is influential to match outcome. Previous research has analysed kicker motion prior to ball contact in detail, but ball orientation and the impact phase are typically ignored. This study aims to firstly identify the ball orientations used by international place kickers, and secondly to experimentally analyse the foot-ball interaction in trained kickers using different ball orientations. Overall, 25.5% of the international kickers used an upright ball orientation, 27.5% used a diagonal orientation and 47.1% used a horizontal orientation. However, ball orientation preference was not significant in predicting kick outcome in a binomial logistic regression model. To address the second aim, ball orientation was experimentally manipulated and lower limb and ball kinematics were captured using high-speed (4000 Hz) video. Whilst the impact location on the ball differed significantly between most ball orientation conditions, the impact location relative to the global vertical was largely consistent across all conditions. This was likely due to kickers adopting very consistent lower limb kinematics, although the shank and ankle angles at impact were affected by ball orientation conditions for some kickers. Impact durations also differed between some conditions, although this did not appear to affect the impact efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"13-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10542461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2023-04-10DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2197876
Masahiro Fujimoto, Masaomi Sato, Akinori Nagano, Mark W Rogers, Tadao Isaka
{"title":"Preparatory knee flexion movement facilitates faster sideways jumping execution in male collegiate soccer goalkeepers.","authors":"Masahiro Fujimoto, Masaomi Sato, Akinori Nagano, Mark W Rogers, Tadao Isaka","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2197876","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2197876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preparatory lower-limb loading conditions may affect the jump-to-reach performance of soccer goalkeepers. This study investigated the effect of pre-jump lower-limb loading/unloading during bilateral knee flexion-extension movements on sideways jump-to-reach performance in 18 male collegiate soccer goalkeepers. Participants performed the two-choice (high and low targets) reaction-time single-leg jump-to-reach task under two conditions: without preparatory movements (no-prep) and with continuous alternating knee extension and flexion movements (prep). The 'go' cue was provided with different preparatory loading conditions during the pre-jump knee extension and flexion phases. Performance was assessed using three-dimensional kinematic data and ground reaction forces. A significant main effect of the preparatory condition was observed for the jump take-off time. Pairwise comparisons revealed that the jump take-off time was 3.4-4.4% faster when initiated during the knee flexion phase than the no-prep condition and the extension phase (<i>p</i> ≤ .028). Increasing lower-limb loading and downward body movement with knee flexion appeared to facilitate effective loading to take-off to reach the high target and faster downward-directed take-off to reach the low target, respectively. Pre-jump knee flexion movement could be utilised by soccer goalkeepers to facilitate faster take-off to maximise their chances of saving shots within the reach of single-leg side-jumping.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"80-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9642677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic adjustment of submaximal effort soccer side-foot kicks.","authors":"Hiroyuki Nunome, Koichiro Inoue, Kohei Watanabe, Hiroshi Akima","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2227156","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2227156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to illustrate kicking leg dynamics during submaximal effort soccer side-foot kicks. Side-foot kicks with three effort levels (50, 75 and 100% effort levels based on maximal effort) of eight male university soccer players were captured (500 Hz) while initial ball velocities were monitored simultaneously. Systematic regulation in joint kinetics (angular impulses) was clearly demonstrated for hip flexion and knee extension moments thereby supporting the interpretation that the final foot velocity is controlled in a context of a planar, sequential segmental system. Out of the thigh-shank plane motion (hip external rotation moment) was also found to be systematically adjusted. Kinematic contributions of knee extension angular velocity to the final foot velocity increased significantly in the maximal effort while that of hip external rotation reduced significantly, coinciding with a more straightforward approach-run. The adjustable range of the foot-ball interaction was found to be rather smaller in side-foot kicks. However, significantly smaller ball/foot velocity ratios in the two submaximal conditions suggested ankle joint fixation was manipulated towards ball impact. Players and coaches ought to recognise that the intensities of side-foot kicks were regulated by the motions within and without the thigh-shank plane alongside several kinematic changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"65-79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10060074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}