Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2427686
Tsuyoshi Iitake, Hiroyuki Nunome
{"title":"Difference in the contribution of the support leg to generating interaction torque in soccer instep kicking between female and male players.","authors":"Tsuyoshi Iitake, Hiroyuki Nunome","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2427686","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2427686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to clarify the difference in the support leg dynamics and its mechanical role in producing the interaction torque acting on the kicking leg knee between female and male soccer players. Three-dimensional motion (500 Hz) and the ground reaction force (1000 Hz) were captured during the instep kicking of twenty female and twenty male players. Powers due to the support leg knee joint torque and the interaction torque were computed. A significantly smaller positive power of the interaction torque due to the support leg action seen in female players concurred with a significantly smaller positive knee joint power in the support leg. In contrast, female players exhibited a comparable positive power of the interaction torque due to the kicking leg action. Female players had a unique, more inclined lower leg posture of the kicking leg to compensate for their lesser power of the interaction torque due to the support leg action, thereby achieving a comparable magnitude of the power of the total interaction torque. Based on the dynamic background, they maintain a comparable lower leg angular velocity to that of male players immediately before ball impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"112-126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of speed on relationships between impairment side, breathing laterality and coordination symmetry in Paralympic swimmers.","authors":"Ludovic Seifert, Adrien Létocart, Brice Guignard, Mohamed Amin Regaieg","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2435925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2024.2435925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study questioned the influence of unilateral physical impairment on controlling inter-limb coordination, notably the coordination symmetry. We investigated whether unilateral physical impairment and unilateral breathing preference led to motor coordination asymmetry in eleven elite Para swimmers during 10 times 25 m in front crawl incremented in speed. Multicamera video system and five inertial measurement units were used to assess arm and leg phases and to compute symmetry of arm coordination and of arm-leg synchronisation. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to classify the different profiles of relationships between impairment, breathing and motor coordination symmetry. Unilateral impairment led to asymmetric arm coordination (~83% of time, mostly at fast speeds), which always occurred to the side of the affected limb and which was associated to the preferential breathing side (~53% of time), while arm-leg synchronisation remained mainly symmetric (66.7 to 86.1% of time). It could be advised to assess the influence of impairment side and breathing side preference on motor coordination symmetry (1) to understand how the Para swimmers functionally adapt to their impairment, (2) to ensure that the unaffected limb generates great propulsion, and (3) to ensure that breathing does not impair propulsion nor increase motor coordination asymmetry.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeppe B Carstensen, Tobias Gaemelke, Kristian Overgaard, Thomas B Andersen
{"title":"The effect of fatiguing muscle contractions on kicking performance in experienced soccer players.","authors":"Jeppe B Carstensen, Tobias Gaemelke, Kristian Overgaard, Thomas B Andersen","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2433084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2024.2433084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to clarify the effects of fatiguing muscle contractions of the m. quadriceps femoris on kicking abilities of experienced soccer players. 16 male professional (<i>n</i> = 5) and amateur players (<i>n</i> = 11) performed kicking tests in two conditions (fatigue and control) on separate days in a randomised crossover design. The fatiguing protocol performed with the kicking leg consisted of 5 sets of 10 maximal voluntary concentric and eccentric knee extensions. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction force (MVIC), 15 hz/50 hz stimulation force ratio (force ratio), and kicking abilities were assessed before and after completion of the fatiguing protocol or rest (control). The fatiguing protocol successfully induced fatigue of 14.0 ± 2.7% (mean ± SE) reduced MVIC and 14.0 ± 3.7% reduced force ratio while no reductions occurred in the control condition. Between group difference showed ball speed declined 2.1 ± 0.95% more following the fatigue protocol compared to control condition. On the control day shooting accuracy improved by 13.3 ± 5.6% and was numerically impaired on the intervention day by 1.0 ± 9.2%. Despite this, no significant between group difference was observed in shooting accuracy (<i>p</i> = 0.18). The study demonstrated that fatigue induced by prior muscle contractions impairs maximal shooting speed, but we observed no significant impairment of shooting accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2023-01-03DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2162433
Gen Horiuchi, Hirotaka Nakashima
{"title":"Relationship between ground reaction force in horizontal plane and mechanical energy flow in torso during baseball tee batting.","authors":"Gen Horiuchi, Hirotaka Nakashima","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2022.2162433","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2022.2162433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the ground reaction force (GRF) in the horizontal plane and the mechanical energy flow in the torso during baseball tee batting. The batting motion and GRF acting on each foot of 30 collegiate baseball players were recorded using a motion capture system and two force plates. To measure the mechanical energy inflow into the torso from both hip joints, the mechanical power of the torso by the force and torque of both hip joints was calculated. The horizontal GRF variables of the stride foot were significantly correlated with mechanical energy inflow into the lower torso from the hip joint of the stride foot side. Conversely, the horizontal GRF variables of the pivot foot were not significantly correlated with mechanical energy inflow into the lower torso from the hip joint of the pivot foot side. Thus, these results suggest that exploring the posture easily to receive the horizontal GRF by the stride foot (i.e., optimisation of magnitude and/or angle of GRF acting on the stride foot) increases the mechanical energy inflow into the lower torso from the hip joint of the stride foot side during baseball batting.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"3346-3357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10468939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2023-06-05DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2218326
Lassi A Laakso, Josh L Secomb
{"title":"Skating sprint performance and the influence of lower-body strength and power in professional and junior elite ice hockey athletes.","authors":"Lassi A Laakso, Josh L Secomb","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2218326","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2218326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skating sprint performance is essential for competitive success in ice hockey; however, it is unknown which component of a skating sprint is most critical for development throughout the performance pathway. Fifty-seven Swiss male ice hockey athletes were subjects (National League [NL], <i>n</i> = 22; Under 20 [U20], <i>n</i> = 20; Under 17 [U17], <i>n</i> = 15). Athletes performed: on-ice 30 m skating sprint, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) tests in a single day. Linear mixed models, effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were used to compare sprint performance and CMJ, SJ and IMTP between each performance level, with a correlation matrix used to determine the influence of lower-body strength and power on sprint performance. The NL and U20 athletes were significantly faster and had greater performance in most CMJ, SJ and IMTP variables compared to the U17 athletes, indicating minimum standards of lower-body strength and power are required to optimise technical performance. Significant differences were observed between NL and U20 for 10-20 m skating sprint split time and CMJ concentric relative peak and mean force, and reactive strength index-modified. Therefore, flying acceleration (10-20 m) is likely the most critical variable for pathway progression, with relative concentric force production the greatest influence.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"3382-3393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9572336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2023-05-12DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2212643
Devin Bulkley, Danielle N Jarvis
{"title":"Dancers exhibit decreases in postural control after fatigue.","authors":"Devin Bulkley, Danielle N Jarvis","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2212643","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2212643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dancers require exceptional postural control to combat mechanically unstable positions. Dancers are prone to developing fatigue, which may increase the risk of injury. We investigated the effects of a dance-specific fatigue protocol on static postural control in a passé stance in 15 healthy dancers. A 12-camera video motion analysis system and a force plate were used to collect kinematic and kinetic data. After fatigue, significant increases in centre of pressure displacement were observed in the anterior-posterior direction on both legs (4.13 ± 0.71 mm pre-fatigue, 5.57 ± 1.9 mm post-fatigue dominant; <i>p</i> = 0.005; 4.41 ± 1.19 mm pre-fatigue, 5.24 ± 1.16 mm post-fatigue non-dominant; <i>p</i> = 0.018) and the medio-lateral direction on the non-dominant leg (3.18 ± 0.49 mm pre-fatigue, 3.37 ± 0.57 mm post-fatigue; <i>p</i> = 0.033). Sway area was significantly increased in the non-dominant leg only (52.1 ± 19.6 mm<sup>2</sup> pre-fatigue, 64.1 ± 18.9 mm<sup>2</sup> post-fatigue; <i>p</i> = 0.006). Significant increases in joint excursion for both legs were observed at the hip in the sagittal and frontal planes and the knee in the sagittal plane. There were significant increases in excursion for the non-dominant ankle in the sagittal plane. Static postural control was significantly affected by the fatigue protocol; the dominant leg appears to be more resistant to fatigue than the non-dominant leg. Therefore, dancers should include stability training that induces fatigue to increase balance recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"3358-3369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9448371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2023-05-29DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2218325
Micah C Garcia, Bryan C Heiderscheit, Emily A Kraus, Grant E Norte, Amanda M Murray, David M Bazett-Jones
{"title":"Preferred temporal-spatial parameters, physical maturation, and sex are related to vertical and braking forces in adolescent long-distance runners.","authors":"Micah C Garcia, Bryan C Heiderscheit, Emily A Kraus, Grant E Norte, Amanda M Murray, David M Bazett-Jones","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2218325","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2218325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For adults, increasing cadence reduces ground reaction forces, but a lower preferred cadence does not predispose adults to experience higher ground reaction forces. Pubertal growth and motor control changes influence running mechanics, but it is unknown if preferred cadence or step length are associated with ground reaction forces for pre-adolescent and adolescent runners. Pre-adolescent and adolescent runners underwent an overground running analysis at a self-selected speed. Mixed model multiple linear regressions investigated the associations of preferred cadence, step length, physical maturation, and sex on ground reaction forces, while accounting for running speed and leg length. Running with a lower preferred cadence or longer preferred step length was associated with larger peak braking and vertical forces (<i>p</i> ≤ .01), being less physically mature was associated with larger vertical impact peak force and vertical loading rate (<i>p</i> ≤ .01), and being a male was associated with larger loading rates (<i>p</i> ≤ .01). A lower preferred cadence or longer preferred step length were associated with higher braking and vertical forces and being less physically mature or a male were associated with higher loading rates. An intervention to increase cadence/decrease step length could be considered if ground reaction forces are a concern for an adolescent runner.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"3224-3234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9586544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2269418
Karl F Orishimo, Ian J Kremenic, Edward Modica, Takumi Fukunaga, Malachy P McHugh, Srino Bharam
{"title":"Lower extremity kinematic and kinetic factors associated with bat speed at ball contact during the baseball swing.","authors":"Karl F Orishimo, Ian J Kremenic, Edward Modica, Takumi Fukunaga, Malachy P McHugh, Srino Bharam","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2269418","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2269418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to determine which biomechanical variables measured during the baseball swing are associated with linear bat speed at ball contact (bat speed). Twenty collegiate baseball players hit a baseball from a tee into a net. Kinematics were recorded with a motion capture system sampling at 500 Hz and kinetics were measured by force plates under each foot sampling at 1000 Hz. Associations between bat speed, individual joint and segment kinematics, joint moments and ground reaction forces (GRF) were assessed using Pearson correlations and stepwise linear regression. Average bat speed was 30 ± 2 m/s. Lead foot peak vertical (159 ± 29% BW, <i>r</i> = 0.622, <i>P</i> = 0.001), posterior (-57 ± 12% BW, <i>r </i>= -0.574, <i>P</i> = 0.008) and resultant (170 ± 30% BW, <i>r</i> = 0.662, <i>P</i> = 0.001) GRF were all correlated with bat speed. No combination of factors strengthened the relationship to bat speed beyond these individual variables. These results illustrate the role of the lead leg in generating and transferring ground reaction forces through the kinetic chain in order to accelerate the bat. Training to improve bat speed should include both general lower extremity strengthening exercises and sport-specific hitting drills to improve lower extremity force production following lead foot contact.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"3406-3417"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49684207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2205378
Bret Freemyer, Samantha Andrews, Christopher Stickley
{"title":"Allometric Scaling Hip Joint Moments Optimally Reduces Anthropometric Differences in Males and Females.","authors":"Bret Freemyer, Samantha Andrews, Christopher Stickley","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2205378","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2205378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Running biomechanics are scaled to reduce the effects of anthropometric differences between participants. Ratio scaling has limitations, and allometric scaling has not been applied to hip joint moments. The aim was to compare raw, ratio and allometrically scaled hip joint moments. Sagittal and frontal plane moments of 84 males and 47 females were calculated while running at 4.0 m/s. Raw data were ratio scaled by body mass (BM), height (HT), leg length (LL) and BM multiplied by HT (BM*HT) and LL (BM*LL). Log-linear (for BM, HT and LL individually) or log-multilinear regression (BM*HT and BM*LL) exponents were calculated. Correlations and <i>r</i><sup>2</sup> values assessed the effectiveness of each scaling method. Eighty-five per cent of raw moments were positively correlated to the anthropometrics with <i>r</i><sup>2</sup> values of 10-19%. In ratio scaling, 26-43% were significantly correlated to the moments and a majority were negative, indicating overcorrections. The most effective scaling procedure was the allometric BM*HT, as the mean shared variance between the hip moment and anthropometrics was 0.1-0.2% across all sexes and moments and none had significant correlations. Allometric scaling of hip joint moments during running are advised if the goal is to remove the underlying effects of anthropometrics across male and female participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"3213-3223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9397948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relationship between jump height and lower limb joint kinetics and kinematics during countermovement jump in elite male athletes.","authors":"Kotaro Shinchi, Daichi Yamashita, Takaki Yamagishi, Kazuhiro Aoki, Naokazu Miyamoto","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2351212","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2351212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to identify the relationship between jump height and the kinetic and kinematic parameters of the hip, knee, and ankle joints during countermovement jump (CMJ) in elite male athletes. Sixty-six elite male athletes from various sports (strength and power, winter downhill, combat, ball game, and aquatic) performed maximal effort CMJs with hands and arms crossed against their chests on force platforms. Jumping motion in the sagittal plane was recorded using video analysis and the peak torque, power, and angular velocity of the right hip, knee, and ankle joints were calculated during the propulsive phase. Correlations between the CMJ height and kinetic and kinematic parameters were investigated using Pearson's product-moment coefficient (r) and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ). CMJ height was highly correlated with peak hip power (ρ = 0.686, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and peak knee angular velocity (<i>r</i> = 0.517, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and moderately correlated with peak hip angular velocity (<i>r</i> = 0.438, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and peak hip torque (<i>r</i> = 0.398, <i>p</i> = 0.001). These results indicate that notable hip torque and power can contribute to increased angular velocity in both the knee and hip joints, ultimately increasing the CMJ height in elite male athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"3454-3465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}