Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2269543
Zachariah J Henderson, Shizhen Wang, Stephen M Cornish, Trisha D Scribbans
{"title":"Exploring the acute muscle fatigue response in resistance trained individuals during eccentric quasi-isometric elbow flexions-a cross-sectional comparison of repetition and sex.","authors":"Zachariah J Henderson, Shizhen Wang, Stephen M Cornish, Trisha D Scribbans","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2269543","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2269543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eccentric quasi-isometrics (EQIs) are a novel, low-velocity resistance exercise technique that incorporates a holding isometric contraction to positional fatigue, followed by voluntary resistance of the resulting eccentric muscle action. As females are typically more fatigue resistant than males during isometric and low-velocity dynamic muscle actions, this study explored sex-differences in the muscle fatigue response to an EQI protocol. Twenty-five (<i>n</i> = 12 female) participants completed 4 unilateral EQI elbow flexions. Absolute and relative surface electromyography (sEMG) amplitude (iEMG, LE peak), mean power frequency (MPF), angular impulse (aIMP), and elbow angle were compared across repetitions and between sexes using discrete values and statistical parametric/non-parametric mapping. There were significant and substantial sex and repetition differences in absolute iEMG, MPF, and aIMP, however, males and females had statistically similar absolute aIMP by repetition 4. When expressed relatively, there were no significant sex-differences. Additionally, there were significant between repetition changes in sEMG amplitude and elbow angle with an increasing number of repetitions, largely in the first-two thirds of repetition time. The current study suggests that there are absolute, but not relative sex-differences in EQI induced muscle fatigue, and the effects across repetitions occur predominately in the first two-thirds of repetition time.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1362-1384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimisation of stable flight posture of ski jumping based on computational fluid dynamics simulation technology.","authors":"Jinglun Yu, Zhangwen Liao, Xinying Ma, Shuo Qi, Zhiqiang Liang, Zhen Wei, Shengnian Zhang","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2276329","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2276329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The stable flight posture that affects sports performance during flight is usually formed by the multiple angles of the athlete-ski posture. At present, research on the flight phase is mainly based on the single-factor impact analysis based on computational fluid dynamics simulation technology, but studies on the multi-factor coupling relationship of two or more factors is less. This study aims to determine the best optimal-level combination based on the simulation model of this work through comprehensive evaluation from the optimisation perspective of multi-factor coupling. Here, a refined model of the athlete-ski system with the characteristics of ski jumping was established. Reynolds time-averaged method was used for the simulation. A three-factor and five-level simulation test was conducted on the relative inclination between skis, the angle between the body and the ski and the ski V-angle through orthogonal experiment design. Our results show that the optimal-level combination of the relative inclination between skis of 120°, the angle between the body and the ski of 20°, and the ski V-angle of 30° is relatively best in terms of aerodynamic characteristics. Simulation results were similar to the results of the winter field data from video analysis, and the results were effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1444-1463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89720218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2275258
Sean K T Gaiesky, Lauren Fridman, Tom Michie, Paul Blazey, Nicholas Tran, Amy Schneeberg, Christopher Napier
{"title":"The one-week and three-month reliability of acceleration outcomes from an insole-embedded inertial measurement unit during treadmill running.","authors":"Sean K T Gaiesky, Lauren Fridman, Tom Michie, Paul Blazey, Nicholas Tran, Amy Schneeberg, Christopher Napier","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2275258","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2275258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inertial measurement units (IMUs) represent an exciting opportunity for researchers to broaden our understanding of running-related injuries, and for clinicians to expand their application of running gait analysis. The primary aim of our study was to investigate the 1-week (short-term) and 3-month (long-term) reliability of peak resultant, vertical, and anteroposterior accelerations derived from insole-embedded IMUs. The secondary aim was to assess the reliability of peak acceleration variability and left-right limb symmetry in all directions over the short and long term. A sample of healthy adult rearfoot runners (<i>n</i> = 23; age 41.7 ± 11.2 years) ran at a variety of speeds (2.5 m/s, 3.0 m/s, and 3.5 m/s) on a treadmill in standardised footwear with insole-embedded IMUs in each shoe. Peak accelerations exhibited good to excellent short-term reliability and moderate to excellent long-term reliability in all directions. Peak acceleration variability showed poor to good short- and long-term reliability, whereas the symmetry of peak accelerations demonstrated moderate to excellent and moderate to good short- and long-term reliability, respectively. Our results demonstrate how insole-embedded IMUs represent a viable option for clinicians to measure peak accelerations within the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1429-1443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71523127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2023-07-21DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2236076
Terumitsu Miyazaki, Norihisa Fujii
{"title":"Intermuscular differences in force generation ability among biarticular hamstring muscles during the late swing phase in maximal speed sprinting.","authors":"Terumitsu Miyazaki, Norihisa Fujii","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2236076","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2236076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to investigate how intermuscular muscle-tendon architectural differences among biarticular hamstring muscles (biceps femoris long head [BFlh], semimembranosus [SM] and semitendinosus [ST]) influence intermuscular differences in muscle force during the late swing phase in maximal speed sprinting. Using a musculoskeletal model, we estimated the muscle-tendon kinematics, muscle force,and force generation ability, defined by force-length-velocity properties and pennation angle, of the biarticular hamstring muscles in 40 male athletes during the late swing phase. SM force generation ability was smaller during the first half of the late swing phase and larger during the second half than the BFlh and ST. The intermuscular differences in force generation ability were caused by the intermuscular differences in time-varying muscle-tendon unit, muscle fibre and tendon lengths, which might be affected by the muscle-tendon architecture of this model, particularly optimal muscle fibre length, tendon slack length and insertion location. Moreover, the peak muscle force was achieved earlier in the BFlh and ST than in the SM. These findings suggest that intermuscular differences in muscle-tendon architecture among the biarticular hamstring muscles can induce intermuscular differences in time-varying muscle force by influencing time-varying force generation ability and muscle-tendon kinematics during the late swing phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1309-1326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9849491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2023-08-09DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2236589
Jenna K Burnett, Yong-Woon Kim, Hyun Joon Kwon, Ross H Miller, Jae Kun Shim
{"title":"Whole body mass estimates and error propagation in countermovement jump: a simulated error study.","authors":"Jenna K Burnett, Yong-Woon Kim, Hyun Joon Kwon, Ross H Miller, Jae Kun Shim","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2236589","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2236589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-velocity actions are central to clinical and athletic performance, with jumping used to assess outcomes in sports medicine. Ground reaction force (GRF)-based methods are the standard for computing jump characteristics, but require mass estimation and GRF integration, potentially resulting in mass errors which influence outcomes. This study investigated how simulated mass errors influenced the centre of mass (CoM) trajectory during a countermovement jump. The mass was estimated from the static GRF, and simulated errors were added or subtracted to the mass. The CoM trajectory with simulated mass errors was computed using the GRF-based method to investigate mass mis-estimation's influence on jump height. A regression model indicated that, for a 1 kg mass change, there was a 7.7 cm jump height change, and the jump height differed by 11.5 ± 0.4 cm from the maximum to minimum error. A 2-way ANOVA identified significant height differences between the starting position, and landing, or final position with mass errors of ± 0.2 or ± 0.4 kg. These results reveal that small mass errors may produce inaccurate conclusions regarding performance changes, and that errors may propagate throughout the jump trajectory. Caution may be necessary when using GRF-based methods to compute jump height as a power proxy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1129-1142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9960407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A biomechanical study of judo <i>uchimata</i>: a comparison of <i>judokas</i> with different skill levels.","authors":"Kazuto Hamaguchi, Lingjun Liu, Mitsuhisa Shiokawa, Tatsuya Deguchi","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2474515","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2474515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to elucidate the biomechanical factors contributing to effective <i>uchimata</i> throwing by comparing highly skilled and less skilled <i>judokas</i>. Ten highly skilled and 10 less skilled <i>judokas</i> performed <i>uchimata</i>, with movement data recorded using a Mac3D motion analysis system (250 hz). The peak values of the body centre of mass velocity in the anterior-posterior and vertical directions were significantly greater in highly skilled <i>judokas</i> compared to their less skilled counterparts. Furthermore, the peak angular velocity of the hips, shoulders and arms, as well as the peak angular momentum of the technique recipient (<i>uke</i>), were significantly greater in highly skilled <i>judokas</i> than in less skilled ones. This suggests that <i>judokas</i> with advanced skills may execute throws more efficiently during throwing movements. Furthermore, a larger forward propulsion during the turning phase may be crucial in generating angular velocity in the hips, shoulders and arms during the throwing phase. Judo coaches should be aware of the accelerated body rotation during throwing that can be achieved by increasing the whole-body forward velocity. This insight can guide in enhancing the training protocol design when teaching <i>uchimata</i> and assist <i>judokas</i> in mastering the technique more efficiently.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lluc Montull, Sergi Matas, Albert Canton, Esther Vives, Aleix Solé, Alex Borrallo, Assumpta Ensenyat
{"title":"Novel possibilities of acceleration time series for performance and acute fatigue assessment in uphill trail running.","authors":"Lluc Montull, Sergi Matas, Albert Canton, Esther Vives, Aleix Solé, Alex Borrallo, Assumpta Ensenyat","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2486088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2025.2486088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The potential for assessing performance and acute fatigue in uphill trail running (UTR) through acceleration time series remains underexplored. For this purpose, time-variability of body acceleration and covariation among limb acceleration were studied in UTR. Twenty competitive and young trail runners participated in a simulation UTR test covering a distance of 4758 meters, with a total elevation gain of 575 meters and an average slope of 13.6%. Four sections with clear slope differences were identified. Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of upper back acceleration and Principal Component Analysis among wrists and ankle acceleration were performed for the whole test and for each section.The outcomes were correlated with performance and standardized effect size was used to compare sections. The main findings suggest that (a) runners with higher performance showed less persistence in body acceleration fluctuations and greater interlimb diversity, and (b) the steepest parts, particularly the final and effortful section, showed increased persistence in body acceleration and some runners lost interlimb covariation.In conclusion, time-variability and coordination analyses of acceleration time series seem to be sensitive to performance and acute fatigue in UTR, which opens further possibilities for providing more integrative, dynamic, and practical assessment tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristen L Lacelle, Mario D Bassi, Allen A Champagne, Boris R G Baker, Emile P Peponoulas, Kaden T Shearer, Blaire T Magee, Nicole S Coverdale, Douglas J Cook
{"title":"Characterising biomechanical and situational aspects of high magnitude subconcussive impacts in Canadian collegiate football.","authors":"Kristen L Lacelle, Mario D Bassi, Allen A Champagne, Boris R G Baker, Emile P Peponoulas, Kaden T Shearer, Blaire T Magee, Nicole S Coverdale, Douglas J Cook","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2471804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2025.2471804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to characterise high magnitude subconcussive impacts in Canadian football to identify injurious relationships between player/game-based characteristics, impact magnitude, and frequency. Eighty-one male university-level football players were equipped with helmet accelerometers to capture peak linear acceleration (PLA), impact frequency, and helmet impact location. Impacts with PLA ≥ 60 g were included in this analysis. Video footage from 15 games over three seasons was analysed to characterise aspects of play including play type, position, closing distance, tackling versus blocking, and impact. Impacts occurring at the left outside boundary of the field resulted in significantly higher linear accelerations. Impacts with a closing distance of ≥10 yards resulted in higher PLA compared to <10 yards and occurred most frequently in run plays. Helmet-to-body impacts generated significantly higher PLA compared to helmet-to-helmet, though helmet-to-helmet occurred more often. Players being tackled sustained significantly higher PLAs than those blocking. The results of this work suggest that the left outside boundary is an area of importance for spotters looking to identify high-risk impacts. Further, rules regarding offensive backfield running starts could be adjusted to decrease the risk of impact after a larger closing distance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F Kobayashi, A Noro, S Hatakeyama, Y Shinohara, M Otsuka
{"title":"Relationship between maximal jumping height in pole vault and the approach-run velocity evaluated by digitising method or laser method.","authors":"F Kobayashi, A Noro, S Hatakeyama, Y Shinohara, M Otsuka","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2486095","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2486095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first objective was to validate various approach-run velocities obtained using body-only method (digitising only the athlete's body) or laser method (using a laser displacement metre) against the whole-system method (digitising both the athlete's body and pole) during pole vaulting. The second objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between the approach-run velocity obtained by different three methods and the maximal height of the athlete's centre of mass (COM) during the clearance. Eighteen male athletes performed 96 pole-vaulting attempts in outdoor competitions. Bland-Altman plots indicated that only the peak approach-run velocity obtained by the body-only method had negligible bias, while other parameters obtained by body-only digitising and laser methods contained several errors. Since such bias could cause problems, using conventional digitising and laser methods requires careful handling. The association between maximal COM height during the clearance and peak approach-run velocity was extremely large for all three methods. In contrast, although the relationship between the maximal COM height and the decrease in approach-run velocity was large for both digitising methods, it was weakened for laser method. Consequently, based on the approach-run velocity parameters, different calculation methods for approach-run velocity parameters resulted in varying relationships with jumping performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2023-05-05DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2207552
Yu Song, Ling Li, Megan A Jensen, Boyi Dai
{"title":"Jump-landing kinetic asymmetries persisted despite symmetric squat kinetics in collegiate athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.","authors":"Yu Song, Ling Li, Megan A Jensen, Boyi Dai","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2207552","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2023.2207552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose was to determine the differences/correlations in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading variables and bilateral asymmetries between injured/uninjured legs and among ascending/descending phases of double-leg squats and jumping/landing phases of countermovement jumps (CMJ) in the collegiate athletes following ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Fourteen collegiate athletes performed squats and CMJ 6-14 months following ACLR. The bilateral knee/hip flexion angles, peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and knee extension moments (KEM), and kinetic asymmetries were calculated. Squats showed the greatest knee/hip flexion angles, while the landing phase of CMJ showed the least (P<0.001). The uninjured leg demonstrated greater VGRF (P≤0.010) and KEM (P≤0.008) than the injured leg in CMJ. Kinetic asymmetries were less than 10% for squats but were greater for the jumping (P≤0.014, 12%-25%) and landing (P≤0.047, 16%-27%) phases of CMJ. Significant correlations were found for KEM asymmetries between phases of CMJ (P=0.050) and squats (P<0.001). Kinetic asymmetries persisted in CMJ, while kinetic symmetries were achieved in squats in collegiate athletes 6-14 months following ACLR. Therefore, the CMJ appears to be a more sensitive assessment to monitor the bilateral kinetic asymmetries compared to squats. It is suggested to assess and screen kinetic asymmetries in different phases and tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"999-1012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10625647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9763562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}