Sports Biomechanics最新文献

Influence of ergometer design and stroke rate on lower-limb coordination variability in elite rowers. 计力器设计和中风率对优秀赛艇运动员下肢协调变异性的影响。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2026.2713627

Yang Gao, Xiaobin Wei, Qingquan Song, Xiaopin Chen

{"title":"Influence of ergometer design and stroke rate on lower-limb coordination variability in elite rowers.","authors":"Yang Gao, Xiaobin Wei, Qingquan Song, Xiaopin Chen","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2026.2713627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2026.2713627","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine lower-limb coordination and coordination variability between fixed and dynamic rowing ergometers across different stroke rates. Twelve international- and national-level rowers participated in this study. Kinematic data were collected by the Xsens inertial measurement system on a fixed Concept2 ergometer (C2F) and a C2F on slides (C2S) at stroke rates of 20, 26 and 34. A modified vector coding analysis was used to calculate the coordination and its variability throughout the rowing cycle. The C2F showed a higher frequency of in-phase sagittal hip-ankle coordination during the drive phase (p = 0.002, ƞ2p = 0.595). In two of the three couplings, stroke rate increased the frequency of the in-phase pattern during the recovery phase (hip-ankle: p = 0.011, ƞ2p = 0.438; hip-knee: p < 0.001, ƞ2p = 0.893). Coordination variability was greater on the C2S than on the C2F, particularly at the first half of the drive phase. Stroke rate significantly decreased the variability during the recovery phase. In conclusion, elite rowers displayed similar movement patterns between ergometer types. Stroke rate-related changes in joint coordination during the recovery may influence lower-limb biomechanics.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Waveform-level agreement between global positioning system and sacral inertial measurement unit acceleration during overground running in male elite rugby athletes. 全球定位系统与骶骨惯性测量单元加速度在男性精英橄榄球运动员地上跑过程中的波形级一致性。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2026.2729851

Brandon D Wong, Daniel Kadlec, Oliver R Barley, Shayne Vial

{"title":"Waveform-level agreement between global positioning system and sacral inertial measurement unit acceleration during overground running in male elite rugby athletes.","authors":"Brandon D Wong, Daniel Kadlec, Oliver R Barley, Shayne Vial","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2026.2729851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2026.2729851","url":null,"abstract":"Thoracic-mounted global positioning system (GPS) units embed accelerometers to characterise locomotor mechanics in applied sport. However, it's unclear whether acceleration waveforms captured by these devices preserve the signal structure of sacral-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs), which are used as biomechanical references for gait characteristics. This study evaluated waveform-level similarity and between-session reliability of resultant acceleration from thoracic GPS and sacral IMUs during running. Ten elite rugby union athletes completed two 4-min steady-state running sessions at individualised sub-maximal speeds. Triaxial acceleration was recorded simultaneously using thoracic-mounted GPS (100 Hz) and sacral-mounted IMU (downsampled to 100 Hz) devices. Resultant acceleration waveforms were temporally aligned, standardised, and compared using cosine similarity. Between-session reliability was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. Waveform similarity was high across sessions (Session 1: 0.90 ± 0.02; Session 2: 0.89 ± 0.02). Mean absolute error (0.019) and root mean squared error (0.022) were trivial. Between-session bias was negligible (-0.004), with narrow limits of agreement (-0.048 to 0.040). Thoracic-mounted GPS accelerometers preserve the waveform structure of sacral-derived resultant acceleration during steady-state overground running. These findings support using GPS-embedded accelerometry for whole-waveform analyses of running mechanics in applied environments, while highlighting the need for further validation under more demanding conditions.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biomechanical consequences of unbalanced jump landings. 不平衡跳跃落地的生物力学后果。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2026.2741554

Fatemeh Aflatounian, James N Becker, Keith A Hutchison, Corey A Pew, Scott M Monfort

{"title":"Biomechanical consequences of unbalanced jump landings.","authors":"Fatemeh Aflatounian, James N Becker, Keith A Hutchison, Corey A Pew, Scott M Monfort","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2026.2741554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2026.2741554","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the relationship between unbalanced jump landings and knee biomechanics associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk under varying levels of cognitive challenge. We hypothesised that unbalanced landing trials would demonstrate riskier early-stance knee biomechanics, particularly under greater cognitive demand. Forty-one physically active adults (17 females, 24 males; 23.7 ± 3.7 years) performed single- and double-leg jump landings from a 30-cm box under three conditions: Baseline (anticipated), Simple (three-choice directional cue), and Complex (five-choice directional cue). Unbalanced trials were defined as those in which participants selected the correct direction but failed to maintain stable balance after landing. Motion capture and force plate data quantified peak knee flexion angle (pKFA), peak knee abduction angle (pKAbA), and peak knee abduction moment (pKAbM) within 100 ms of landing. Mixed-effects models evaluated the effects of Condition, Success, and their interaction. Unbalanced trials demonstrated greater pKAbA than successful trials (p = 0.030), indicating riskier frontal-plane knee mechanics. Simple and Complex conditions produced greater pKFA and pKAbA than Baseline (p < 0.05). No significant Condition × Success interactions were observed. These findings suggest unbalanced landings reveal high-risk knee biomechanics that may be overlooked when only successful trials are analysed and support incorporating cognitive-motor challenges into ACL injury-risk screening and prevention programs.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149129024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of sex-specific footwear on cutting patterns in adolescent female soccer players. 性别鞋对青少年女子足球运动员割伤模式的影响。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2026.2741555

Karen Chen, Ethan Wilkie, Nicolas Herrera, Moreno Morelli, Shawn Robbins

{"title":"The effect of sex-specific footwear on cutting patterns in adolescent female soccer players.","authors":"Karen Chen, Ethan Wilkie, Nicolas Herrera, Moreno Morelli, Shawn Robbins","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2026.2741555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2026.2741555","url":null,"abstract":"Sex differences have been identified in foot morphology and soccer-specific movement patterns. However, female-specific athletic footwear has only emerged recently, and research has yet to fully understand its impact on cutting patterns. This study examined the impact of female-specific soccer shoes and unisex soccer shoes on joint kinematics during cutting in adolescent soccer players. Thirty-two females completed unanticipated sidesteps at 45 ± 10 degrees, in both shoe conditions, captured using a markerless motion captures system. Principal component (PC) analysis and hierarchical linear model examined joint angle features against shoe conditions. PCs (PC1, PC2, PC3) represented either differences in joint angle amplitude or a change in angles between different cutting phases. Ankle findings related to greater dorsiflexion and inversion angles throughout cutting (PC1) and during midstance (PC2, PC3) in the female shoe than the unisex shoe. Knee findings related to lower flexion angles during the pre-contact/early cutting phase in the female shoe (PC2). Overall, the female shoe trended towards more optimal inversion, but riskier dorsiflexion and knee flexion patterns for knee injuries. However, direct indications to injury and performance require further exploration. Nonetheless, the presence of kinematic influences in sex-specific soccer footwear designs provides valuable insights for future research directions and footwear development.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Jump-landing mechanics following mid-flight external perturbation: anticipation and core muscle endurance. 飞行中外部扰动后的起降力学：预期和核心肌肉耐力。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2026.2745612

Molly Hilliker, Shayenne Tomasik, Claudia Calby, Adeline Kniess, Ellie Koitzsch, Lane Kaeyer, Yu Song, Boyi Dai

{"title":"Jump-landing mechanics following mid-flight external perturbation: anticipation and core muscle endurance.","authors":"Molly Hilliker, Shayenne Tomasik, Claudia Calby, Adeline Kniess, Ellie Koitzsch, Lane Kaeyer, Yu Song, Boyi Dai","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2026.2745612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2026.2745612","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose was to quantify the effects of anticipation on landing mechanics associated with ACL loading during double-leg landings following mid-flight medial-lateral pushing perturbation. A total of 11 male and 11 female recreational athletes performed a jump-landing task under three perturbation conditions (no, left, vs. right perturbation) and two anticipation conditions (anticipated vs. unanticipated). The perturbation was created by having researchers throw a medicine ball (5% of body weight at an average speed of 4.4 m/s) to contact the participant's lateral trunk near their maximal jump height. The left-and right-perturbation conditions resulted in increased bilateral landing time differences, trunk lateral bending, peak vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF), knee extension moments, and decreased knee flexion angles for the contralateral leg compared to no-perturbation conditions. The anticipated condition showed ~10% decreases in peak VGRF and knee extension moments for the contralateral leg compared to the unanticipated condition, only in the right-perturbation condition. Nonsignificant correlations were found between core muscle endurance, trunk bending, and landing forces. Mid-flight external trunk perturbation increased ACL loading variables for the contralateral leg for both anticipated and unanticipated conditions. Having knowledge of the perturbation alone had some limited effects on ACL loading variables.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of kinematic parameters of side-foot kick on classification of ball direction in football penalty kicks using machine learning and SHAP analysis techniques. 利用机器学习和SHAP分析技术研究足球罚点球中侧脚踢的运动学参数对球方向分类的影响。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2026-09-25 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2026.2733973

Fatemeh Babaei Miri, Kevin Ball, Fariborz Mohammadipour, Sayed Esmaeil Hosseininejad, Asef Nazari, Anuroop Gaddam

{"title":"The influence of kinematic parameters of side-foot kick on classification of ball direction in football penalty kicks using machine learning and SHAP analysis techniques.","authors":"Fatemeh Babaei Miri, Kevin Ball, Fariborz Mohammadipour, Sayed Esmaeil Hosseininejad, Asef Nazari, Anuroop Gaddam","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2026.2733973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2026.2733973","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated how kinematic features could be used to predict soccer penalty kicks, using machine learning to improve goalkeeper anticipation. Fifteen right-foot-dominant male players participated in standardised assessments, with the goal area divided into six sections. Motion capture collected 3D kinematic data from 10 frames before support foot contact to ball strike. Class imbalance was addressed using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), and four machine learning classifiers, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), were trained to classify penalty kick direction. A Mutual Information-Genetic Algorithm (MI-GA) ranked and selected the top 49 most influential features. The left anterior superior iliac spine, left arm, and left humerus were key predictors, indicating that pelvic and upper-limb marker trajectories carried discriminative information for target-zone classification. XGBoost achieved the highest overall performance (accuracy = 0.821 ± 0.051), followed closely by RF (accuracy = 0.808 ± 0.051), whereas DT and ANN showed lower performance. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) indicated that pelvic, humeral, and support-foot marker displacements contributed to classifying horizontal and vertical kick direction. These findings identify interpretable pre-contact kinematic cues associated with penalty-kick direction.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Errors matter: the biomechanics of unsuccessful landing trials. 错误很重要：失败着陆试验的生物力学。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2026-09-20 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2026.2730666

Claudia Brunetti, Pietro Maver, Marco Tarabini, Filippo Bertozzi

{"title":"Errors matter: the biomechanics of unsuccessful landing trials.","authors":"Claudia Brunetti, Pietro Maver, Marco Tarabini, Filippo Bertozzi","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2026.2730666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2026.2730666","url":null,"abstract":"Landing tasks coupled with cognitive-motor demands are used to assess biomechanical risk markers for ACL injury. However, unsuccessful trials are typically discarded despite reflecting real-game scenarios, as they arise from decision-making or motor-control errors. This exploratory study investigated the biomechanics of unsuccessful trials in cognitively-challenging landing tasks using cluster analysis. Unsuccessful landings were classified as failed (decision-making error) or bad (motor error) trials. Multivariate average of successful trials defined the optimal pattern, and abnormal failed and bad trials were identified based on their distance from it. Peak sagittal and frontal plane hip and knee biomechanics were extracted and analysed using principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis. Failed trials revealed four distinct motor strategies (p < 0.001), including risk markers like greater frontal-plane misalignments. Two clusters emerged among bad trials (p < 0.001), with low separation and relatively small principal component scores, suggesting that the type of landing error (decision-making vs. motor-planning) may influence kinematics and joint-loading. This study highlights a possible dimension of injury risk that may be overlooked when considering only successful task execution. The biomechanical analysis of unsuccessful trials may help identify cognitive-motor factors affecting neuromuscular control and motor planning, potentially complementing current ACL injury risk screening approaches.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149013224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Foot impact behaviour in soccer instep kicking across varying ball directions. 足球脚背踢在不同球方向上的足部冲击行为。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2026-09-20 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2026.2731267

Koichiro Inoue, Hiroyuki Nunome

{"title":"Foot impact behaviour in soccer instep kicking across varying ball directions.","authors":"Koichiro Inoue, Hiroyuki Nunome","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2026.2731267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2026.2731267","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to elucidate the distinct characteristics of foot motion at ball impact, which affect the lateral ball launch direction in soccer instep kicking. Seven experienced male university soccer players each performed instep kicks towards a standard goal 11 m away, divided vertically into left, centre and right target areas (six kicks per area). Three high-speed cameras captured the foot and ball behaviours during ball impact at 2000 Hz. Multiple regression analysis was conducted with the lateral ball launch direction (dependent variable) to identify the key foot behaviours (independent variables) that contribute to the lateral launch angle of the ball. Consequently, the regression model (R2 = .91, p < .001) indicated that the foot contact point on the ball (β = -.649, p < .001) and the instep facing direction at ball impact (β = .324, p < .001) significantly predicted the ball direction, whereas the foot swing direction did not (β = .078, p = .312). These findings indicated that manipulating the foot-ball contact point and foot posture at ball impact is necessary to control the ball direction. Players strike the ball on the side opposite the target and orient the dorsal surface of the foot towards the intended direction.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149013187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cycle-to-cycle kinematic variability management in short course 100 m breaststroke. 短距离100米蛙泳周期间的运动变异性管理。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2026-09-15 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2026.2733968

Camille Loisel, Bjørn Harald Olstad, Brice Guignard, Ingeborg Ljødal, Tomohiro Gonjo, Ludovic Seifert

{"title":"Cycle-to-cycle kinematic variability management in short course 100 m breaststroke.","authors":"Camille Loisel, Bjørn Harald Olstad, Brice Guignard, Ingeborg Ljødal, Tomohiro Gonjo, Ludovic Seifert","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2026.2733968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2026.2733968","url":null,"abstract":"While swimming race management examines distinct components (start, clean swimming, turn, and finish), clean swimming analyses typically rely on lap averages, overlooking cycle-to-cycle variability. The aim of this study was to investigate cycle-to-cycle variability within and between laps of stroking (speed, S; stroke rate, SR; stroke length, SL) and of coordinative parameters (duration of simultaneous arm-leg propulsion, T1; start of arm and leg recoveries, T2; end of arm and leg recoveries, T3) to identify profiles of race management in breaststroke. Twenty-three high-level male breaststrokers performed a 100m time trial in a 25m pool. Based on the CV of S, SR and SL and the SD of T1, T2 and T3, hierarchical cluster analysis identified two race management profiles: a variable profile (1), with greater within-lap variability in SR, SL, and T1, and a stable profile (2), with lower variability in SR, SL, and T1. Ten different cluster combination patterns were identified, wherein maintaining stable race management within and between laps was the most prevalent (in 10 swimmers). This pattern also tended to be associated with higher World Aquatics (WA) points. These findings highlight that stability in stroking and coordinative parameters within and between laps are key predictors of breaststroke performance.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ground reaction force and joint force of the blocking leg in javelin throwing correlate with peak throwing shoulder velocity. 标枪投掷中拦阻腿的地面反作用力和关节力与投掷肩速度峰值有关。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2026-09-15 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2026.2733971

Mizuki Makino, Hiroko Takigawa, Kenji Tauchi

引用次数: 0