Sports Biomechanics最新文献

The effect of full-body weight-bearing on palmar pressure distribution in collegiate-level gymnasts. 全身负重对大学生体操运动员手掌压力分布的影响。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2424389

Noah M Scigliano, Jessica E Goetz, Ignacio Garcia Fleury, Kevin N Dibbern, Krit Petrachaianan, Joseph A Buckwalter V

{"title":"The effect of full-body weight-bearing on palmar pressure distribution in collegiate-level gymnasts.","authors":"Noah M Scigliano, Jessica E Goetz, Ignacio Garcia Fleury, Kevin N Dibbern, Krit Petrachaianan, Joseph A Buckwalter V","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2424389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2024.2424389","url":null,"abstract":"Wrist and hand biomechanics under full-body load are not fully understood. To identify potential anatomy-related differences in hand loading, 15 former collegiate athletes completed a 45-second handstand on a novel emed® pressure platform system. Center of pressure (CoP) and force distribution across the palmar surface were analysed during the stabilised phase. Maximum force, mean pressure, and contact area were calculated in four palmar anatomic subregions: hypothenar, thenar, metacarpals, and fingers. These values were related to ulnar variance measurements obtained from a participant handstand hold in a weight-bearing computed tomography machine. About 93% of participants shifted their CoP towards their dominant hand (p < 0.001), and among all participants, the dominant hand applied an average of 8.91% (p = 0.002) higher maximum force than the nondominant hand. The proportion of total mean force was highest in the hypothenar (47.1%) and thenar regions (36.5%). Every 1.00 mm increase in ulnar variance corresponded to a 2.8% increase in maximum force in the hypothenar region (p = 0.037). This investigation emphasises the role of gymnastics hand dominance on left/right hand weight distribution and the importance of the hypothenar zone in distributing pressure during handstands. It also indicates that force transmission through the wrist to the palm is contingent on radioulnar positioning.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of target distance on kinematic sequence of the short game in male collegiate golfers. 目标距离对男子大学生高尔夫球手短杆运动序列的影响。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2423282

Tess G McGuire, Caitlyn T Picard, Rose Marie Ward, Dean L Smith, Young-Hoo Kwon, Mark S Walsh

{"title":"The effects of target distance on kinematic sequence of the short game in male collegiate golfers.","authors":"Tess G McGuire, Caitlyn T Picard, Rose Marie Ward, Dean L Smith, Young-Hoo Kwon, Mark S Walsh","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2423282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2024.2423282","url":null,"abstract":"Golf is an international sport that has become increasingly more popular in recent times. Previous literature has shown that golf approach shots are crucial to the success of elite golfers. However, there is no known publication investigating distances less than 100 yards, known as the short game. The primary purpose of this study was to collect comprehensive data on 3D biomechanical variables of the short game at four target distances in college-aged, male golfers. Participants were instructed to hit five successful shots at each target distance: 30 yards, 50 yards, 70 yards and full swing (maximal distance) yardage. A motion capture system recorded kinematic and temporal parameters of golfer movement, additional to a golf simulator that collected ball carry distance of each shot. Distance did have a significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on swing phase timing, angular velocities and motion sequencing. Movement sequencing within the short game displayed irregular patterns across all distances and phases, with a partial proximal-to-distal pattern (pelvis → shoulder girdle → arms → club) at best. The findings of this study show that the short game swing did present its own unique motion patterns that will require practice as its own skill.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal kinematics during top speed sprinting in male intercollegiate track and field and team sport athletes. 男子校际田径和团队运动运动员极速冲刺时的时空运动学。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2423281

Christopher R Meng, Cory T Walts, Laurence J Ryan, David J Stearne, Kenneth P Clark

{"title":"Spatiotemporal kinematics during top speed sprinting in male intercollegiate track and field and team sport athletes.","authors":"Christopher R Meng, Cory T Walts, Laurence J Ryan, David J Stearne, Kenneth P Clark","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2423281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2024.2423281","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated spatiotemporal kinematics during top speed sprinting and biomechanical running strategies in 98 male intercollegiate athletes from a range of athletic backgrounds in track and field (TF, n = 28) and team sports (TS, n = 70). Participants completed 40 m running trials with sagittal plane motion analyses of high-speed video captured from 30 m to 40 m. Across the entire sample, measures of contact time, step rate, step length, flight length and duty factor (ratio of contact duration to stride duration) were meaningfully correlated with top speed (p < 0.05, 0.51 ≤ |r or ρ| ≤ 0.78). Flight time and contact length were weakly correlated with top speed (p < 0.05, 0.27 ≤ |r or ρ| ≤ 0.34). When comparing sub-groups of Slow TF (n = 14) and Fast TS athletes (n = 22) with similar top speeds (~9.3 m/s), Fast TS athletes clearly demonstrated a more ground-based strategy, with longer ground contact times and contact lengths, shorter flight times and flight lengths, and larger duty factors. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that existing technical models and normative metrics based on data from TF athletes could require modification when evaluating and coaching sprinting performance with TS athletes.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Over 30 years of using functional data analysis in human movement. What do we know, and is there more for sports biomechanics to learn? 在人体运动中使用功能数据分析已有 30 多年的历史。我们知道些什么，运动生物力学是否还有更多需要学习的地方？

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2398508

John Warmenhoven

{"title":"Over 30 years of using functional data analysis in human movement. What do we know, and is there more for sports biomechanics to learn?","authors":"John Warmenhoven","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2398508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2024.2398508","url":null,"abstract":"Functional data analysis (FDA) is a contemporary area of statistics designed for analysis of functions or curves. FDA has grown in human movement applications over the last three decades, with it being applied across a range of sport applications including rowing, weightlifting, diving, race-walking, jumping and running. Functional principal components analysis (fPCA) has been the most commonly used technique in sports biomechanics, often being applied to better understand characteristics of variability present in curves from biomechanical variables sampled from sporting movements. Given that FDA is an area of statistics with specific techniques for processing and analysing data, it provides one valuable platform for biomechanists to understand and think about their data more holistically. Further, the visual interpretability that FDA techniques provide, there is great potential for FDA to be used beyond research contexts, as a suite of practical tools to assist practical sports biomechanists in making decisions in sport. This review aims to demonstrate some methods yet to be applied in sports biomechanics, with simple sports biomechanics data applications taken from rowing. This article aims to showcase the value that FDA may have in assisting practitioners as they make decisions with athletes regarding their movement characteristics.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of knee braces on knee joint kinematics at different exercise speeds. 不同运动速度下护膝对膝关节运动学的影响。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2409656

Jian Wang, Juncong Yang, Xinwei Huang, Ye Luo, Danni Wu, Xiaofan Huang, Shaobai Wang

{"title":"The effect of knee braces on knee joint kinematics at different exercise speeds.","authors":"Jian Wang, Juncong Yang, Xinwei Huang, Ye Luo, Danni Wu, Xiaofan Huang, Shaobai Wang","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2409656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2024.2409656","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the influence of a new semi-rigid knee joint braces on kinematics using the Opti-knee knee joint kinematic analysis system at various exercise speeds. Twenty-four healthy young male adults were recruited for this study. Participants were randomly assessed while wearing and not wearing knee brace at four different speeds on a treadmill: normal walking (3.6 km/h), brisk walking (5.4 km/h), jogging (9 km/h), and moderate intensity running (10.8 km/h). Six degrees of freedom kinematic data from the knee joint were collected. Paired t-tests were conducted to calculate the kinematic differences. At speeds of 3.6 km/h and 5.4 km/h, wearing the knee brace led to reduced knee joint mobility in anterior-posterior translation, superior-inferior translation, internal-external rotation, and flexion-extension angles during the stance phase (P < 0.05). At 9 km/h, wearing the brace reduced knee joint internal-external rotation and flexion-extension mobility during the stance phase (P < 0.05). At 10.8 km/h, wearing the brace reduced knee joint flexion-extension mobility during the stance phase (P < 0.05). Wearing brace has significant influence on knee kinematics at four speeds, and the effect of brace varies with the speed of movement.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142511645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electromyographic activity of shoulder muscles on two preventive exercise programmes for swimmer's shoulder: elastic band versus weight. 针对游泳肩的两种预防性锻炼方案中肩部肌肉的肌电图活动：弹力带与重量。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2410891

Nuno Tavares, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, Maria António Castro

{"title":"Electromyographic activity of shoulder muscles on two preventive exercise programmes for swimmer's shoulder: elastic band versus weight.","authors":"Nuno Tavares, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, Maria António Castro","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2410891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2024.2410891","url":null,"abstract":"Strength programmes have shown good results in preventing swimmer's shoulder. However, there aren't studies based on electromyographic (EMG) analysis in these programmes. This study aims to compare an EMG activity of the middle trapezius (MT), lower trapezius (LT), infraspinatus (IS), serratus anterior (SA), and pectoralis major (PM) in two swimmer's shoulder preventive programmes - one performed with elastic band and the other with weights. Twenty competitive swimmers performed two strength programmes consisting of five exercises each, while the analysis of EMG activity in MT, LT, IS, SA, and PM for each exercise was recorded. The superficial EMG was used to collect data at a sampling frequency of 1000 hz. The Paired Sample T-test or the Wilcoxon test was applied to compare EMG activity between programmes. The internal rotation at 90º (p < 0.001) and external rotation at 90º (p ≤ 0.01) exercises produced high myoelectric shoulder muscle activity with an elastic band. Conversely, scapular punches (p < 0.001) exercise has high shoulder EMG activity when performed with weights. Performing the same preventive exercise programme with two different instruments produces great variability in the myoelectric activity of the shoulder muscles.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Key performance indicators and reference values for turn performance in elite youth, junior and adult swimmers. 青年、少年和成年精英游泳运动员转弯成绩的关键性能指标和参考值。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2409657

Dennis-Peter Born, David Burkhardt, Markus Buck, Laurie Schwab, Michael Romann

{"title":"Key performance indicators and reference values for turn performance in elite youth, junior and adult swimmers.","authors":"Dennis-Peter Born, David Burkhardt, Markus Buck, Laurie Schwab, Michael Romann","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2409657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2024.2409657","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine kinematic and kinetic key performance indicators (KPI) of swimming turn performance using principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression analysis and provide reference values using percentiles. Touch and tumble turn performances of male (n = 68) and female (n = 48) Swiss national team members from three age categories-adult (20.2 ± 2.7 yrs, 790 ± 57 points), junior (16.2 ± 0.8 yrs, 729 ± 53 points) and youth swimmers (14.4 ± 1.0 years of age, 667 ± 53 World Aquatics swimming points, respectively)-were assessed with a motion analysis system equipped with a force plate on the pool wall, one over- and four underwater cameras sampling forces at 500 Hz and footages at 100 Hz. The PCA reduced the 27 original variables by up to 15% depending on turn type and age category using Varimax component loading of >0.6 and explained up to 91% of the total variance. The highest Varimax component loadings for each principal component were used to determine KPI for each turn type and age category using multiple-regression analysis with total turn time as dependent variable. These KPI should be used to interpret turn performances and identify individual swimmers' strengths, weaknesses and future potentials with the help of the percentiles as reference values.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effective stiffness, damping and mass of the body during laboratory simulations of shoulder checks in ice hockey. 在实验室模拟冰上曲棍球肩部拦截时身体的有效刚度、阻尼和质量。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-28 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1951828

Olivia M G Aguiar, Olga Radivojevic, Brigitte M Potvin, Omid Vakili, Stephen N Robinovitch

{"title":"Effective stiffness, damping and mass of the body during laboratory simulations of shoulder checks in ice hockey.","authors":"Olivia M G Aguiar, Olga Radivojevic, Brigitte M Potvin, Omid Vakili, Stephen N Robinovitch","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2021.1951828","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2021.1951828","url":null,"abstract":"Ice hockey is a fast-paced sport with a high incidence of collisions between players. Shoulder checks are especially common, accounting for a large portion of injuries including concussions. The forces generated during these collisions depend on the inertial and viscoelastic characteristics of the impacting bodies. Furthermore, the effect of shoulder pads in reducing peak force depends on the baseline (unpadded) properties of the shoulder. We conducted experiments with nine men's ice hockey players (aged 19-26) to measure their effective shoulder stiffness, damping and mass during the impact stage of a shoulder check. Participants delivered a style of check commonly observed in men's university ice hockey, involving lateral impact to the deltoid region, with the shoulder brought stationary by the collision. The effective stiffness and damping coefficient of the shoulder averaged 12.8 kN/m and 377 N-s/m at 550 N, and the effective mass averaged 47% of total body mass. The damping coefficient and stiffness increased with increasing force, but there was no significant difference in the damping coefficient above 350 N. Our results provide new evidence on the dynamics of shoulder checks in ice hockey, as a starting point for designing test systems for evaluating and improving the protective value of shoulder pads.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39230047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can the history of injury influence shoulder isokinetic torque parameters in volleyball players? 受伤史会影响排球运动员的肩部等速扭矩参数吗？

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1966494

Rodrigo Ghedini Gheller, Leandro Garcias, Raphael Luiz Sakugawa, Whendel Mesquita Do Nascimento, Rafael Martins Da Costa, Daniele Detanico, Mateus Rossato

{"title":"Can the history of injury influence shoulder isokinetic torque parameters in volleyball players?","authors":"Rodrigo Ghedini Gheller, Leandro Garcias, Raphael Luiz Sakugawa, Whendel Mesquita Do Nascimento, Rafael Martins Da Costa, Daniele Detanico, Mateus Rossato","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2021.1966494","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2021.1966494","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to compare shoulder internal rotator and external rotator isokinetic parameters in concentric and eccentric contractions between volleyball players with and without a history of shoulder injury. Thirty male volleyball players participated of this study, divided into two groups: with a history of injury (WHI) in the dominant shoulder (11 athletes; age: 19.4 ± 3.6 years) and no history of injury (NHI) (19 athletes; age: 18.3 ± 2.9 years). The peak torque (PT) and concentric (Con) and eccentric (Ecc) PT angles in internal (IR) and external rotation (ER) at velocities of 60 and 180°/s were measured. The conventional (Con_ER:Con_IR), functional spiking (Ecc_ER:Con_IR), and cocking ratios (Ecc_IR:Con_ER) were calculated. No significant differences were found between groups for PT and PT angle, or for conventional, functional spiking, and cocking ratios. However, the spiking ratio was considered low (0.87) in the WHI group. Moreover, for the spiking ratio in the WHI group, PT at 60°/s occurred at different angles. We conclude that previous injury in shoulder did not affect the peak torque, as well as conventional, spiking or cocking ratio. However, the PT angles at 60°/s used to calculate the spiking ratio shifted due the prior injury.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39319291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A systematic review of resistance training methodologies for the development of lower body concentric mean power, peak power, and mean propulsive power in team-sport athletes. 对阻力训练方法进行系统回顾，以发展团队运动运动员的下半身同心平均功率、峰值功率和平均推进功率。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-04 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1948601

Patrick Cormier, Tomás T Freitas, Kenneth Seaman

{"title":"A systematic review of resistance training methodologies for the development of lower body concentric mean power, peak power, and mean propulsive power in team-sport athletes.","authors":"Patrick Cormier, Tomás T Freitas, Kenneth Seaman","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2021.1948601","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2021.1948601","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to systematically review training methods prescribed to develop lower-body power, determine their effectiveness for the development of lower-body mechanical power and their implementation in an annual training cycle amongst team-sport athletes. The absolute and relative outcome values of concentric mean power, peak power and mean propulsive power were extracted from 19 studies. Outcomes were assessed using baseline to post intervention percent change, effect sizes, and the level of evidence concerning the method's effectiveness. A thorough analysis of the literature indicated that, based on the high level of evidence, traditional (e.g., strength training alone) and combination training (e.g., complex and contrast) methods should be considered. Further, optimal load and velocity-based training can be implemented if coaches have access to the appropriate equipment to monitor movement velocity and mechanical power in every session. This is of particular importance in periods of the season where high volumes of technical-tactical training and congested fixture periods are present. Also, flywheel, eccentric overload and weightlifting methods have been shown to be effective although the level of evidence is low. Future research should expand on current training practices whilst adequately reporting actual training loads from sport-specific training and games alongside strength-power training protocols.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39274178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0