Sports Biomechanics最新文献

Thoracoabdominal breathing pattern across exercise intensity domains: performance level insights in cyclists. 跨运动强度域的胸腹呼吸模式：骑自行车者的表现水平见解。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-06-15 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2025.2513474

Ana Luiza de Castro Lopes, Karine Jacon Sarro, Isabella Martins Rodrigues, Gustavo Ramos Dalla Bernardina, Filipe Antônio de Barros Sousa, Natália de Almeida Rodrigues, Carlo Massaroni, Emiliano Schena, Sergio Silvestri, Pietro Cerveri, Amanda Piaia Silvatti

{"title":"Thoracoabdominal breathing pattern across exercise intensity domains: performance level insights in cyclists.","authors":"Ana Luiza de Castro Lopes, Karine Jacon Sarro, Isabella Martins Rodrigues, Gustavo Ramos Dalla Bernardina, Filipe Antônio de Barros Sousa, Natália de Almeida Rodrigues, Carlo Massaroni, Emiliano Schena, Sergio Silvestri, Pietro Cerveri, Amanda Piaia Silvatti","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2513474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2025.2513474","url":null,"abstract":"Thoracoabdominal breathing pattern (THA) can be influenced by factors such as exercise intensity, postural demands, and individual variability, which could be associated with performance level. The present study aims to investigate the THA of cyclists with different performance levels during increasing exercise intensity. Fourteen male professional cyclists performed resting breathing manoeuvres and a step-incremental test on a cycle ergometer. Physiological responses were monitored using a metabolic gas analyser and were then classified into two groups: Higher and Lower VO2max. THA was recorded with an optoelectronic system. The contribution to tidal volume and the coordination of three compartments, namely superior thorax (ST), inferior thorax (IT), and abdomen (AB), were calculated. Higher VO2max group demonstrated a stable contribution across all intensity thresholds. Lower VO2max group increased the AB contribution by approximately 9% at both ventilatory thresholds from the start, while the rib cage contribution (ST + IT) decreased by approximately 17% from quiet breathing to exercise (p < 0.005). Coordination between ST vs. AB and IT vs. AB showed significant differences, with the Lower VO2max group demonstrating lower values and a greater effect size compared to the Higher VO2max group (p < 0.005). The present study provides valuable insights into how athletes of different performance levels employ distinct patterns of THA.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of lower limb asymmetry on the two-handed backhand stroke in female tennis players. 下肢不对称对女子网球运动员双手反手击球的影响。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2025.2511762

Kai-Lung Chang, Wen-Tzu Tang, Mu-Lin Tai, Duane V Knudson, Tsung-Yu Huang

{"title":"Influence of lower limb asymmetry on the two-handed backhand stroke in female tennis players.","authors":"Kai-Lung Chang, Wen-Tzu Tang, Mu-Lin Tai, Duane V Knudson, Tsung-Yu Huang","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2511762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2025.2511762","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the influence of lower limb asymmetry on the kinematic characteristics of the tennis two-handed backhand (2HB) stroke in skilled female players. It included 14 right-handed tennis players. Lower limb symmetry was assessed using the hurdle step test (HDS) from the Functional Movement Screen (FMS™). Based on the results, participants were divided into two groups: eight in the symmetric (SYM) group and six in the asymmetric (ASYM) group. Motion capture cameras recorded both groups performing backhand strokes. Data were analysed to measure linear and angular displacement of the trunk and lower limb segments throughout the preparation, acceleration, and follow-through phases. Differences in selected mean kinematics were assessed using independent t-tests. The ASYM group demonstrated a less closed stance in the initial backswing, less linear movement towards the left, and greater dependence on internal rotation of the left hip during acceleration The ankle having greater external rotation, resulted in more leg twist. The ASYM group also exhibited a greater forward lean at impact, with the follow-through characterised by continued forward lean, and greater leftward movement of both the trunk and lower limbs. SYM and ASYM grouping resulted in 11 significant mean differences in 2HB kinematics. Lower extremity symmetry assessed in the HDS task in skilled female tennis players may be an indicator of trunk, pelvis, and lower extremity technique in the 2HB.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Error assessment of a three-dimensional underwater motion capture methodology. 三维水下运动捕捉方法的误差评估。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2025.2514234

Isobel M Thompson, Dorian A G Audot, Martin B Warner, Joseph Banks, Oliver Logan, Dominic Hudson

{"title":"Error assessment of a three-dimensional underwater motion capture methodology.","authors":"Isobel M Thompson, Dorian A G Audot, Martin B Warner, Joseph Banks, Oliver Logan, Dominic Hudson","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2514234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2025.2514234","url":null,"abstract":"Motion analysis technology is used in various settings to assess human kinematics. Assessing human movement underwater presents many challenges, making it important to understand measurement error associated with the setup and calibration of the system ensuring accuracy in resulting kinematics. This study assessed the accuracy across the entire domain of a submerged motion capture methodology. Six Qualisys cameras created an underwater capture volume of 6.9 × 2.1 × 2.1 m3. Average error levels were acceptable in four uncertainty trials (<<math><mo>±</mo></math> 5 mm error). By selecting an area of interest that excluded areas with low accuracy near domain borders, measurement error reduced by up to 0.13 mm, up to 1.27 mm lower than outside this area. Interpolated error indicated that intracyclic measurement error may alter measured kinematics by up to 13.80 mm, with error greater than 5 mm affecting over 50% of the kick cycle. Investigating error levels across the domain can inform researchers whether a recalibration is necessary or help to identify areas where high error levels would affect kinematics. This study highlights the need to investigate error levels across a motion capture domain, particularly when this is a large volume, to ensure results obtained from investigations are reliable.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationship between explosive lower limb strength and impact force during landing in healthy young individuals. 健康青年着陆时下肢爆发力与冲击力的关系

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2025.2514231

Kaisei Yamaki, Daijirou Kanai, Shigehito Matsubara, Takeshi Shimamura, Takasuke Miyazaki, Keita Honda

{"title":"Relationship between explosive lower limb strength and impact force during landing in healthy young individuals.","authors":"Kaisei Yamaki, Daijirou Kanai, Shigehito Matsubara, Takeshi Shimamura, Takasuke Miyazaki, Keita Honda","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2514231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2025.2514231","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during landing is a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament injury. Identifying the physical characteristics associated with peak VGRF is essential for injury prevention. The relationship between peak VGRF and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the thigh muscle is weak, possibly because MVC does not reflect the muscle strength exerted at the knee joint posture and timing when peak VGRF occurs. This study explored the relationship between peak VGRF during landing and the rate of torque development (RTD), a measure of the rapid generation of muscle force, assessed at three different knee joint flexion angles. RTD and MVC of the quadriceps and hamstrings were measured in 36 physically active adults (18 males) using an isokinetic dynamometer at 30° and 60° knee joint flexion angles, simulating the joint angle at landing, and at a conventional 90° knee joint flexion angle. Results showed a significant negative correlation between hamstring RTD at 30° knee flexion and peak VGRF (r = -0.71, p = 0.001), but no significant correlations were found with others. Therefore, it is important to assess muscle strength at the posture and timing when peak VGRF occurs to reduce peak VGRF and prevent injury.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of minor crank length adjustments on lower body cycling kinematics. 小曲柄长度调整对下体循环运动学的影响。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2025.2511755

Sian Reynolds, Joel Chidley, Simon Briley, Tom Outram

{"title":"The impact of minor crank length adjustments on lower body cycling kinematics.","authors":"Sian Reynolds, Joel Chidley, Simon Briley, Tom Outram","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2511755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2025.2511755","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effect of minor crank length adjustments on lower body cycling kinematics and exercise tolerance. Fourteen amateur cyclists performed sub-maximal cycling trials with five different crank lengths, preferred (165.0-172.5 mm), ±5 and 10 mm. An RPE prescription method determined intensity, and three-dimensional kinematics were collected using Vicon motion capture. Statistical parametric mapping was employed to analyse lower body kinematics. Changes in crank length had no effect on the mean power output (199.1 ± 50.5 W). However, minor reductions were associated with significant decreases in knee (0-24%; 58-100%) and hip (0-13%) flexion as well as increases in the anterior pelvic tilt (0-40%; 74-100%). Additionally, shorter cranks resulted in less pelvic obliquity and rotation, hip abduction and knee rotation. Minor reductions in crank length can decrease hip and knee flexion, can limit non-sagittal plane motion and could serve as an effective bike manipulation to reduce the risk of overuse injury. Shorter cranks also enable riders to achieve anterior pelvic tilt and could limit stress on the lumbar spine. As minor adjustments did not impact power output, crank length alterations should be considered during bike fits and by bike manufacturers.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of ankle joint biomechanics and foot postures on Achilles tendon force during running through a simulation study. 通过模拟研究踝关节生物力学和足部姿势对跑步时跟腱力的影响。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2025.2511758

Tomoya Takabayashi, Mutsuaki Edama, Takuma Inai, Masayoshi Kubo

{"title":"Effects of ankle joint biomechanics and foot postures on Achilles tendon force during running through a simulation study.","authors":"Tomoya Takabayashi, Mutsuaki Edama, Takuma Inai, Masayoshi Kubo","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2511758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2025.2511758","url":null,"abstract":"Achilles tendinopathy is a prevalent injury observed among runners. Achilles tendon force (ATF) and differences in foot posture are considered factors in the occurrence of Achilles tendinopathy. This study was conducted using computer simulations. The simulation ranges were determined for the ankle joint angle (-25° to + 25°) and plantarflexion moment (0-160 Nm) at variable running speeds using a public dataset. The ankle angle was used to compute the Achilles tendon moment arm. Moment arms specific to the normal foot, pes cavus, and pes planus were calculated using radiographs from a previous study. Finally, the plantarflexion moment was divided into moment arms to obtain the ATF. For all foot postures, the ATF increased as the ankle dorsiflexion angle and plantarflexion moment increased. At most ankle angles, the ATF was found to be higher value in the order of pes cavus, normal foot, and pes planus. Increasing dorsiflexion angles and plantarflexion moments during running may lead to the occurrence or worsening of Achilles tendon tendinopathy. Additionally, individuals with pes cavus are more likely to develop Achilles tendinopathy than those with other foot postures.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comparison of running biomechanics on track, asphalt, grass, and treadmill using wearable sensors. 使用可穿戴传感器在跑道、沥青、草地和跑步机上跑步的生物力学比较。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2025.2511766

Griffin R Moon, Brian K Leary, Anh-Dung Nguyen, Jean L McCrory

{"title":"A comparison of running biomechanics on track, asphalt, grass, and treadmill using wearable sensors.","authors":"Griffin R Moon, Brian K Leary, Anh-Dung Nguyen, Jean L McCrory","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2511766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2025.2511766","url":null,"abstract":"Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) allow assessment of running biomechanics outdoors on various surfaces. The purpose of our study was to compare peak tibial acceleration (PTA), stance time (ST), stride frequency (SF), and maximum rearfoot eversion velocity (MREV) when running on asphalt, track, grass, and on a treadmill. Twenty healthy participants ran on each surface at their self-selected speed. IMUs were placed on their right tibia and posterior aspect of their right shoe. A timing system was used to ensure consistent speed between surfaces. Thirty steps from each surface were analysed. Separate repeated measures ANOVAs or Friedman tests were performed on each dependent measure, depending on normality. Post-hoc analyses were performed when appropriate. SF, PTA, and MREV differed (p < .001) between surfaces. SF was highest on treadmill (83.4 ± 5.4 strides/sec) and slowest on grass (81.0 ± 4.2 strides/min). PTA was greater outdoors (asphalt: 11.0 ± 2.7 g, grass: 10.7 ± 3.4 g, and track: 10.6 ± 2.3 g), but less on treadmill (7.9 ± 1.6 g). MREV was lowest on grass (394.9 ± 256.5 deg/s) and greatest on track (623.5 ± 299.3 deg/s) and asphalt (620.7 ± 289.1 deg/sec). ST did not differ between surfaces (p = .231). Laboratory-based studies on running biomechanics may not reflect the running gait used on outdoor running surfaces.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Force-velocity and power-velocity relationships in on-water rowing. 水上划艇的力-速度和功率-速度关系。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2025.2511765

A Nordez, C Delhaye, F Teissier, F Colloud, N Peyrot, P Samozino

{"title":"Force-velocity and power-velocity relationships in on-water rowing.","authors":"A Nordez, C Delhaye, F Teissier, F Colloud, N Peyrot, P Samozino","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2511765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2025.2511765","url":null,"abstract":"Force-velocity (FV) relationships are used to evaluate athletes and individualise training in several tasks. In rowing, only one previous study has determined FV relationships using ergometers. This study aimed to develop a method to obtain FV relationships during on-water rowing, to assess their quality and inter-day reliability and to compare them with ergometer profiles. Fourteen participants performed 8 all-out starts in instrumented double scull boats with 3 scull lengths under two conditions: two active rowers or one active and one passive rower. The FV relationships, reconstructed with all the conditions, were linear with a high goodness of fit (median R2: 0.96), covering 24.6 ± 5.0% of the velocity range. Ninety-five per cent confidence intervals for maximal force (F0: 3.9 ± 0.5%) and maximal velocity (V0: 6.2 ± 1.5%) were relatively narrow. The coefficient of variation for inter-day reliability was below 10% and intraclass correlation ranging from 0.69 for V0 to 0.96 for F0. Correlations between on-water and ergometer rowing were significant for F0 (r = 0.70) and Pmax (r = 0.82) but not for V0 (r = 0.11). F0 and V0 were significantly higher (23%) and lower (31%) on the ergometer, respectively. These results highlight a reliable linear FV relationship during on-water rowing to characterise rowing force production capacities, largely affected by on-water technical skills.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of selected features of advanced footwear technology on lower limb joint work. 先进鞋类技术对下肢关节工作的影响。

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2025.2508244

Ashna Ghanbari, Jordyn Vienneau, Sandro R Nigg, Benno M Nigg

{"title":"Effects of selected features of advanced footwear technology on lower limb joint work.","authors":"Ashna Ghanbari, Jordyn Vienneau, Sandro R Nigg, Benno M Nigg","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2508244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2025.2508244","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to isolate the effects of two key components of Advanced Footwear Technology, the curved carbon fibre plate and the midsole material, on lower-limb joint work. Sixteen male recreational runners ran overground at a speed of 3.9 (±5%) metres per second in three shoe conditions: a standard Nike Vaporfly 4% (Original VP4), a modified version without the curved carbon fibre plate (No Plate) and a version with the PEBA midsole material replaced with EVA foam (EVA). Motion capture and force platform data were recorded to determine positive and negative metatarsophalangeal, ankle, knee, and hip joint work, and positive and negative foot + footwear work across the different conditions. Removing the carbon fibre plate significantly increased negative work at the metatarsophalangeal joint and positive work at the ankle. Replacing PEBA with EVA significantly reduced positive foot + footwear work. The findings of this study highlighted a group effect of the curved carbon fibre plate, which redistributed positive lower-limb joint work from the ankle to the metatarsophalangeal joint. Conversely, the results highlighted subject-specific differences in response to the midsole material, emphasising the importance of considering individual variability in footwear design elements to optimise athletic performance.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can biomechanical variables and asymmetry predict bone stress injuries in collegiate distance runners? 生物力学变量和不对称性能否预测大学生长跑运动员的骨应力损伤？

IF 2 3区医学

Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2025.2506563

Hannah B Archer, Sewan Kim, Harper E Stewart, Jill L McNitt-Gray, Michael E Hahn, Rodger Kram, Alena M Grabowski

{"title":"Can biomechanical variables and asymmetry predict bone stress injuries in collegiate distance runners?","authors":"Hannah B Archer, Sewan Kim, Harper E Stewart, Jill L McNitt-Gray, Michael E Hahn, Rodger Kram, Alena M Grabowski","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2025.2506563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2025.2506563","url":null,"abstract":"Runners are susceptible to bone stress injuries (BSI), due in part to cumulative loading, which is affected by force magnitude and frequency. We identified biomechanical variables that may predict BSI incidence by following 30 collegiate distance runners over three years. Athletes were classified as either uninjured (n = 8 male, 16 female) or injured (n = 3 male, 3 female) if they sustained a BSI. We measured ground reaction forces while athletes ran on a force-instrumented treadmill, and analysed step frequency (fstep), contact length (Lc), and bodyweight-normalised stance average vertical ground reaction force (Favg) alongside asymmetry (expressed as symmetry index, SI). A secondary analysis examined inter-limb biomechanical changes in six runners prior to sustaining a BSI. We found an interaction between injury status, sex, and speed on Favg values (p = 0.026). Forty-seven weeks prior to injury, Favg values were greater in the unaffected leg than the affected leg (p = 0.022). In addition, female injured runners exhibited 1.62 percentage points greater fstep SI than uninjured females at 4.9 m/s (p = 0.030). Future research that incorporates more frequent data collection is needed to integrate biomechanical variables and physiological risk factors for injury prediction and prevention among collegiate distance runners.","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0