Biophysics最新文献

{"title":"Correlation Analysis of Parameters of Skin Microcirculation and Kinetics of Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Blood Cells in Mice with a Genetic Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"A. R. Dyukina,&nbsp;A. A. Grinevich,&nbsp;D. A. Serov,&nbsp;M. S. Severyukhina,&nbsp;V. G. Safronova,&nbsp;A. V. Tankanag","doi":"10.1134/S0006350926700120","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350926700120","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In type 2 diabetes mellitus, the regulation of blood flow oscillations in microvessels is disrupted by endogenous factors (products of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, proinflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species, etc.). At the same time, blood phagocytes show increased activity in the production of reactive oxygen species, but its association with microvascular disorders has not been established. The aim of the work is to evaluate the relationship between the processes regulating oscillations in blood flow in the microvessels of mouse skin and the kinetics of generation of reactive oxygen species in the blood. The object of the study is a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus in mice with monogenic obesity with the LEPR db/db mutation. The methods included laser Doppler flowmetry to register oscillations in blood flow and chemiluminescence analysis to measure the phagocytosis-dependent intensity of generation of reactive oxygen species. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, the normalized amplitude of oscillations in the myogenic frequency range was higher than in the controls. The kinetics of blood cell responses to opsonized zymosan was also changed: the amplitude, rate of development of the response, and production of reactive oxygen species increased; the lag period and <i>T</i>_max decreased. Based on the Spearman rank correlation, strong correlations were found between the lag period of the response to zymosan and oscillations in cutaneous blood flow in the myogenic and Mayer intervals as well as between the rate of response and oscillations in the endothelial, neurogenic, and Mayer intervals in the controls. In mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a strong relationship was found between the response rate and oscillations in the neurogenic interval as well as between <i>T</i>_max and oscillations in blood flow in the endothelial and neurogenic intervals. Thus, the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus affected the relationship of the regulatory components of microcirculation with the reactivity of blood cells, which may be a marker of metabolic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"71 1","pages":"114 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Doses of Ethanol Prevent Oxidative Stress in the Rat Aorta after Exposure to Ionizing Radiation","authors":"A. F. Korystova,&nbsp;T. V. Samokhvalova,&nbsp;V. V. Shaposhnikova,&nbsp;Y. N. Korystov","doi":"10.1134/S0006350926700144","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350926700144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During radiotherapy of tumors, vessels of normal tissues can be in the irradiation zone. It has been shown that in this case, oxidative stress is initiated in the vessels, which subsequently leads to the development of atherosclerosis in them. In this work, the effect of low doses of ethanol on oxidative stress in the aorta of rats after irradiation was investigated. The activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme in the aortic segments was determined by the hydrolysis of hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine, and the formation of reactive oxygen species was evaluated by the oxidation of dichlorodihydrofluorescein. It has been shown that low doses of ethanol prevent an increase in the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme and the formation of reactive oxygen species in the aorta of rats after irradiation. The effect depends on the dose of ethanol and the duration of exposure. With acute exposure (administration of ethanol into the mouth), the maximum effect is achieved 3 h before irradiation, and with chronic exposure (self-consumption of ethanol solutions by rats), the optimal dose decreases with increasing consumption time. The optimal dose of ethanol for chronic ethanol consumption (1 week) is 0.49 g /kg per day; it coincides with the dose that reduces the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme in old animals and in animals treated with NO synthase inhibitor and dexamethasone, as well as with the dose that maximally reduces cardiovascular diseases in humans. The data obtained indicate the possibility of using low doses of ethanol to prevent vascular damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"71 1","pages":"134 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes with Various Thiol-Containing Ligands in Aqueous Solutions Exposed to Air at Neutral pH","authors":"V. E. Raevskaya,&nbsp;N. B. Asanbaeva,&nbsp;N. A. Tkachev,&nbsp;E. G. Bagryanskaya,&nbsp;A. F. Vanin","doi":"10.1134/S0006350926700016","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350926700016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The stability of binuclear dinitrosyl iron complexes with various thiol-containing ligands (glutathione, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, mercaptoethanol, mercaptosuccinate, and L-cysteine) exposed to air at room temperature and neutral pH, determined by the efficiency of oxygen oxidation of thiol-containing ligands, was evaluated. Complexes with glutathione and N-acetyl-L-cysteine were the most stable, while complexes with L-cysteine were the least stable. Similar ratios were obtained when evaluating the stability of the same complexes kept in aqueous solutions at pH 1–2, determined under these conditions by the protonation efficiency of the thiol group of thiol-containing ligands. The results obtained suggest the use of complexes with L-cysteine due to their low stability as the most effective donors of NO molecules and nitrosonium NO⁺ cations in experiments on the effects of binuclear dinitrosyl iron complexes on living organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"71 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of the Insertion Pattern of New Mobile Elements in the Flax Genome with Different Morphotypes and Breeding Status","authors":"M. A. Duk,&nbsp;V. Stanin,&nbsp;A. A. Kanapin,&nbsp;T. A. Rozhmina,&nbsp;M. G. Samsonova","doi":"10.1134/S0006350926700089","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350926700089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flax is an important agricultural crop grown to produce fiber and oil. Depending on the purpose of cultivation, flax is divided by morphotype into fiber flax, characterized by a long stem with low branching, and linseed flax, which has a large number of seeds and inflorescences. Data from single-nucleotide polymorphisms are usually used to characterize samples with different morphotypes, however, analysis of the pattern of mobile element insertions can complement the picture, since mobile elements make up a significant part of the plant genome and are subjected to targeted selection along with single-nucleotide polymorphisms. In this study, we analyze the pattern of the location of new insertions of mobile elements in flax samples with different morphotypes and breeding status and identify sequences characteristic of different groups of samples. An analysis of the location of mobile elements in old-world and kryazhs varieties shows a relationship between the pattern of the distribution of insertions and climatic data, which confirms the presence of directional selection among the insertions.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"71 1","pages":"77 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV-Induced Reactions of Direct and Sensitized DNA Damage in Model and Cellular Systems","authors":"G. Ya. Fraikin,&nbsp;A. B. Rubin","doi":"10.1134/S0006350926700065","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350926700065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>UV radiation from the sun in the B-region (UVB, 290–320 nm) and A-region (UVA, 320–400 nm) is a key genotoxic environmental factor that causes DNA damage, which threatens the integrity of the genome in living cells. If DNA defects remain unrepaired, they can cause potentially carcinogenic mutations. UV-induced damage in DNA involves direct or photosensitized reactions, and the chemical nature and quantity of photoproducts depend on the wavelength of UV radiation. UVB photons, by direct absorption by DNA bases, cause the formation of two main types of pyrimidine dimeric photoproducts. Under the action of UVA, mainly thymine dimers are formed in DNA, and only of one type; they can be formed either as a result of direct photon absorption or by transferring energy to thymine bases from sensitizing molecules. In addition, UVA effectively induces sensitized reactions of oxidative DNA damage. This review presents current knowledge about the fundamental mechanisms of photochemical reactions in DNA and discusses the role of various DNA photoproducts in the initiation of genotoxic processes. When considering oxidative reactions in DNA, attention is paid to the properties of pterins, riboflavin, protoporphyrin IX, and melanin as potential cellular photosensitizers for the generation of reactive oxygen species involved in these reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"71 1","pages":"52 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Hypoxia on Thymoquinone-Induced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Programmed Death of Tumor Cells","authors":"G. G. Martinovich,&nbsp;I. V. Martinovich,&nbsp;D. V. Grigorieva,&nbsp;V. V. Voinarouski","doi":"10.1134/S0006350926700077","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350926700077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using methods of flow cytometry and fluorescence analysis, a comparative analysis was conducted on the mechanisms of the response of human cervical carcinoma cells to thymoquinone, the main component of black cumin oils (<i>Nigella sativa</i>), under hypoxia and normoxic conditions. It was found that thymoquinone induced the death of tumor cells under both standard conditions (5% CO₂, 20% O₂) and reduced oxygen content (5% CO₂, 1% O₂). This caused mitochondrial dysfunction and increased intracellular production of reactive oxygen species. However, under hypoxia, the number of apoptotic cells and intracellular level of reactive oxygen species were significantly lower compared to standard conditions. These results suggest that the increase in resistance of tumor cells during hypoxia may be due to an increase in intracellular antioxidant content.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"71 1","pages":"69 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Combinatorial Bispecific Protein that Selectively Binds HER2 and HER3 Receptors","authors":"I. V. Shulcheva,&nbsp;M. I. Kobyakova,&nbsp;V. V. Farofonova,&nbsp;D. O. Epiktetov,&nbsp;M. P. Shevelyova,&nbsp;A. B. Ulitin,&nbsp;A. S. Kazakov","doi":"10.1134/S000635092670003X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S000635092670003X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cancer is one of the most socially significant diseases of the 21st century. Since the advent of Paul Ehrlich’s “magic bullet” concept, the idea of targeted cancer therapy has captivated researchers around the world. The most successful drugs in this niche are antibody-drug conjugates, however, they also have a number of limitations in their use. Peptide-cytotoxic agent conjugates have become a new class of drugs. They have a number of advantages, including small size, ease of production, and distribution in tumor tissues. This paper describes the process of cloning, expression, purification, and characterization of a bispecific protein targeting HER2 and HER3 receptors, which are key targets in breast cancer therapy. As a result of the work carried out, a recombinant protein with a high interaction constant with the HER2 receptor, as well as serum albumin, was obtained. The presence of specificity to albumin provides additional properties to a potential drug based on it, namely, an increased level of circulation in the bloodstream. Based on the results of cellular studies, it was shown that the drug effectively binds and internalizes into breast cancer cell lines with high surface coexpression of HER2 and HER3 receptors, which makes it potentially promising for therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"71 1","pages":"20 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research into the Effect of UV Irradiation on the Spectral Properties and Dimensional Characteristics of the Bovine Serum Albumin and Lysozyme Complex","authors":"A. A. Lusheva,&nbsp;U. S. Sekretareva,&nbsp;O. V. Basharina,&nbsp;M. S. Kondratiev,&nbsp;M. G. Holyavka,&nbsp;V. G. Artyukhov","doi":"10.1134/S0006350926700028","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350926700028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of UV radiation on bovine serum albumin solutions was studied, and differences in the photomodification of bovine serum albumin molecules in different media were revealed. The formation and properties of complexes formed by albumin and lysozyme molecules have been studied. A change in the spectral characteristics and hydrodynamic radius of protein complexes under the action of UV light is shown. It was found that a change in the ionic strength of the solution at pH 5.5 does not affect the absorption spectrum of albumin, which confirms the stability of its conformation. In the Na-phosphate buffer at pH 5.5, albumin exists mainly in the form of dimers with a hydrodynamic radius of ~5.14 nm, while monomeric and dimeric forms are present in distilled water, which indicates the heterogeneity of the aggregate state of the system. It has been shown that UV irradiation causes dose-dependent photooxidation of tyrosine residues to form dityrosine, which is reflected in the albumin spectrum in the 300–320 nm band. At the same time, the photolability of albumin is higher in buffer than in water. Under the influence of UV light, the size and number of aggregates increase, which is associated with the destruction of intramolecular bonds and the formation of molten globules. The addition of lysozyme to albumin in buffer solution does not change the absorption spectrum of albumin at 250–290 nm. Molecular docking has shown that Trp, Tyr, and Phe residues are not shielded during the formation of the albumin–lysozyme complex. Hydrodynamic analysis confirmed the formation of an albumin–lysozyme complex (~5 nm) predominantly with the monomeric form of albumin. UV irradiation affects the interaction of bovine serum albumin with lysozyme: at low doses (755 and 1510 J/m²), the optical density of the complex decreases, while complex formation is impeded at high doses (3020 J/m²). In the irradiated samples, lysozyme reduced the intensity of the aggregation of albumin molecules, which indicates its stabilizing role. In aqueous solutions, exposure to UV light reduced the size of the albumin–lysozyme monomer complex and promoted the formation of larger aggregates.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"71 1","pages":"6 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of SIX Gene Expression in Virulence-Contrasting F. oxysporum Strains during the Development of Flax Plant (Linum usitatissimum) Infection","authors":"M. P. Bankin,&nbsp;T. A. Rozhmina,&nbsp;M. G. Samsonova","doi":"10.1134/S0006350926700090","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350926700090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flax (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i> L<i>.</i>) is a valuable agricultural crop and an important source of fiber and seeds necessary for industry and agriculture. The imperfect ascomycete <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> is one of the most dangerous pathogens of flax. In the process of coevolution with plants, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> has developed several strategies at the molecular level to ensure successful infection. One such strategy is the use of small SIX effector proteins that facilitate infection and influence the host’s immune response. The authors of this work investigated the relationship between the expression patterns of <i>DIM2</i> methyltransferase, five <i>SIX</i> genes, and the virulence level in three contrasting <i>Folini</i> strains: highly virulent MI39, medium-virulent F476, and weakly virulent F200. It was found that <i>Folini</i> infection releases genes <i>SIX1</i> and <i>SIX13,</i> which are exclusively associated with the parasitic stage of development, and genes whose activity is increased outside the plant in MI39: <i>SIX7ab, SIX10,</i> and <i>SIX12ab</i>. The greatest difference in the expression of SIX genes between the resistant and susceptible varieties was observed on day 5 after inoculation with a highly virulent strain for the <i>SIX12</i> and <i>SIX13</i> genes, determining their possible role in the formation of the protective response of the resistant variety. A unique pattern of changes in the expression of the <i>DIM2</i> DNA methyltransferase gene, with a high level at an early stage of infection development and a sharp drop on day 7 was found. <i>DIM2</i> activity also significantly differed between contrasting flax varieties in the early and late stages of infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"71 1","pages":"85 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organ-Specific Changes on the Background of Metabolic Disorders in Obese Rats","authors":"A. E. Gordeeva,&nbsp;E. V. Grishina,&nbsp;E. K. Mubarakshina,&nbsp;V. V. Dynnik,&nbsp;V. I. Novoselov","doi":"10.1134/S0006350926700132","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350926700132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of the work was to study specific changes in internal organs against the background of metabolic disorders in rats with experimental obesity. Experimental obesity was initiated by feeding rats a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. The diet of the experimental animals included standard feed enriched with lard. A histological examination of the internal organs and a biochemical blood test were performed. After 12 weeks of a high-fat diet, the rats showed an increase in body weight and metabolic disorders, which consisted in a significant increase in blood levels of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and renal metabolites. Organ-specific changes were characterized by the development of fatty liver and kidney degeneration, adaptive reactions in the small intestine, and structural changes in the vascular system.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"71 1","pages":"127 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}