Biophysics最新文献

{"title":"The Use of Cholesterol Inclusion Complexes Based on Randomly Methylated Beta-Cyclodextrins to Improve Human Sperm Cryotolerance","authors":"A. G. Mironova,&nbsp;S. A. Yakovenko,&nbsp;S. I. Afanasyeva,&nbsp;A. N. Tikhonov,&nbsp;E. Yu. Simonenko","doi":"10.1134/S000635092470129X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S000635092470129X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cryoprotective properties of cholesterol inclusion complexes based on randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) derivatives in relation to human sperm was studied. The interaction of various concentrations of RAMEB and cholesterol inclusion complexes based on RAMEB with sperm membranes was assessed. It was shown that the pronounced cytotoxicity of RAMEB against sperm is due to the interaction of cyclodextrins with lipid components of the membrane, in particular, cholesterol extraction. RAMEB complexes with cholesterol have significantly less pronounced cytotoxicity. A relationship has been established between the concentration of cholesterol in sperm membranes and the concentration of RAMEB complexes with cholesterol in the sample. It found that incubation of sperm before cryopreservation with 2 mg/mL of RAMEB complexes with cholesterol significantly increased survival (by 13.8%) and the proportion of progressively motile sperm (by 14.8%) after thawing. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the presence of RAMEB and RAMEB complexes with cholesterol in the samples at the studied concentrations (2, 4, and 8 mg/mL) did not affect the average size of ice crystals formed in the sample during cryopreservation. The mechanism of cryoprotective effect of RAMEB complexes with cholesterol was proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"69 6","pages":"1202 - 1212"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological Features and Temporary Characteristics of the Process of Muscle Tissue Regeneration in a Planarian Polycelis tenuis (Platyhelminthes)","authors":"G.V. Kuznetsov,&nbsp;N. D. Kreshchenko","doi":"10.1134/S0006350924701197","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350924701197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The musculature of the body of a planarian <i>Polycelis tenuis</i> (Turbellaria, Platyhelminthes) was studied by fluorescence microscopy using histochemical staining of total preparations with fluorescently labeled phalloidin, which stains muscle cells due to irreversible binding to actin filaments. It was shown that the musculature of the body wall contains circular, diagonal and longitudinal muscle fibers. The circular fibers are the thinnest and most densely located in the outer layer of the musculature. The longitudinal fibers are thick, gathered in bundles. The individual diagonal muscle fibers are located at a significant distance, in two directions and at an angle to each other. The process of regeneration of muscle tissue in <i>P. tenuis</i> after resection of the head end of the animal was studied. Regeneration was assessed in dynamics; the animals were examined on days 3, 5, 7, 10, and 13 after surgery. Based on the results of microscopic examination, a conclusion was made about the main stages of muscle tissue regeneration and their characteristic features. It has been shown that the muscular system of <i>P. tenuis</i> has a high priority and regeneration rate; it is restored within 10–13 days.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"69 6","pages":"1113 - 1120"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Assessment of the Functional State of the Cerebral Cortex Microcirculatory Bed at Different Stages of Aging","authors":"O. P. Gorshkova,&nbsp;I. B. Sokolova","doi":"10.1134/S0006350924701215","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350924701215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A comprehensive spectral analysis of the vibrational components of the myogenic, neurogenic, and endothelial components of microvascular tone was performed and the dynamics of oxygen transport in the cerebral cortex of rats aged 4, 18, and 23 months was evaluated using the method of laser Doppler flowmetry and tissue optical oximetry. Regional differences in age-related changes in the regulatory mechanisms of microcirculation and the effectiveness of tissue oxygen extraction have been identified. It was found that at the age of 18 months, microcirculatory changes are observed in the frontal and parietal cortex and manifest themselves as a decrease in sympathetic regulation of microcirculation, a decrease in precapillary myogenic resistance, vasodilation, and an increase in the contribution of the capillary link to microcirculation. In the parietal cortex, these changes contribute to the activation of tissue oxidative metabolism and increased oxygen consumption from the flowing blood. With further aging, microvascular endothelial dysfunction develops and the contribution of the endothelial component to the overall perfusion level of all cortical regions decreases. These disorders in 23-month-old rats are accompanied by an increase in the contribution of sympathetic regulation of microcirculation in the frontal cortex, a decrease in the contribution of the capillary link to microcirculation in the occipital region and the development of stagnant processes in the venous region of the microcirculatory bed of the parietal cortex, reducing the effectiveness of tissue oxygen extraction from the blood<i>.</i></p></div>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"69 6","pages":"1126 - 1136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Roles of Two Isoforms of Heat Shock Protein Hsp90 in the Resistance of Human Fibrosarcoma HT1080 Cells to Hsp90 Inhibitors and Cytoxic Drugs","authors":"V. S. Petrenko,&nbsp;O. S. Morenkov,&nbsp;Y. Y. Skarga,&nbsp;M. A. Zhmurina,&nbsp;V. V. Vrublevskaya","doi":"10.1134/S0006350924701136","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350924701136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intracellular heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) performs important functions related to the folding, stabilization, and degradation of various proteins in the cell, and prevents protein aggregation and denaturation under various types of stress. There are two isoforms of Hsp90, that is, the inducible Hsp90α isoform and the constitutive Hsp90β isoform. Hsp90β is thought to play a key role in the functioning of housekeeping proteins, while Hsp90α plays an important role in the cellular response to stress. We explored the roles of two Hsp90 isoforms in the resistance of human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells to Hsp90 inhibitors and a number of antitumor drugs with different mechanisms of action for the first time. Both Hsp90 isoforms have been shown to make a comparable contribution to cell resistance to Hsp90 inhibitors and one Hsp90 isoform is not able to completely compensate for the absence of another Hsp90 isoform under the influence of Hsp90 inhibitors. Both Hsp90 isoforms are also involved in cell resistance to cytotoxic anticancer drugs, with Hsp90α likely playing a more important role than Hsp90β in protecting cells from the cytotoxic effects of sorafemib and nocodazole. For cisplatin, each of the Hsp90 isoforms is able to largely compensate for the absence of the other isoform. For doxorubicin, bortezomib, sorafenib, paclitaxel, and nocodazole, the absence of one of the Hsp90 isoforms led to a significant decrease in cell resistance to anticancer drugs, which was especially pronounced in the case of paclitaxel and nocodazole. The Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG potentiates the effect of cytotoxic drugs on cells, providing the most pronounced synergy with paclitaxel and nocodazole. As a result, the important role of both Hsp90 isoforms in cell resistance to Hsp90 inhibitors and anticancer drugs with different mechanisms of action was determined for the first time. The data we obtained indicate the prospects of developing Hsp90α- or Hsp90β-specific inhibitors for antitumor therapy and their combined use with known antitumor drugs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"69 6","pages":"1045 - 1053"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the IIIVmrMLM Method to Confirm and Search for New Genome-Wide Associations in Chickpea","authors":"M. A. Duk,&nbsp;A. A. Kanapin,&nbsp;M. P. Bankin,&nbsp;M. G. Samsonova","doi":"10.1134/S0006350924701173","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350924701173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The chickpea (<i>Cicer arientinum</i>) is an important crop grown in the Middle East, Central Asia, Turkey, India, and southern Russia and is used in a wide variety of traditional dishes. The decrease in genetic diversity during domestication, as well as its greater sensitivity to abiotic and biotic stresses, provides the idea of using landraces in breeding programs to improve the crop. The new IIIVmrMLM method for genome-wide association searching allowed us to identify new variants in the genetic data of the chickpea collection that were located within important genes and to identify landraces best suited to the climate of two experimental stations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"69 6","pages":"1089 - 1101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Parameterization of a Model for Wild Chickpea Flowering Time by Transferring Knowledge from Multiple Sources","authors":"Z. A. Saranin,&nbsp;M. G. Samsonova,&nbsp;K. N. Kozlov","doi":"10.1134/S0006350924700982","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350924700982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forecasting flowering time allows researchers to create plant varieties that achieve maximum efficiency and value in the face of climate change. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for parameterizing the flowering time model of wild chickpea samples, which uses the transfer learning technique to combine several sets of source data and target data. The constructed model, using genetic and climatic data only for the first 20 days after sowing, predicts the flowering time of the samples with high accuracy; the average absolute error is slightly more than 5 days and the Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.93. It was found that the maximum and minimum temperatures have the strongest effect on the flowering time. At the same time, all weather factors on the seventh–tenth day after sowing influence the solution of the model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"69 5","pages":"892 - 898"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of the Formation and Function of Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes as a “Working Form” of Nitric Oxide in Living Organisms","authors":"A. F. Vanin","doi":"10.1134/S000635092470101X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S000635092470101X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The thesis is proposed that only the inclusion of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in living organisms in dinitrosyl iron complexes or in S-nitrosothiols can provide its stabilization, which is necessary for the functioning of NO as both an auto- and paracrine regulator of metabolic processes. Without such inclusion, the nearly all the endogenous NO disappears due to the aggressive action of the intracellular and extracellular medium of the body on it and is thereby excluded from processes of vital activity. The introduction of exogenous NO into the body of animals and humans (possible only by inhalation of its gaseous form) does not lead to the formation of either dinitrosyl iron complexes or S-nitrosothiols in blood and other tissues. In this case, the nearly all the exogenous NO is converted in the blood into nitrosonium (NO⁺) cations, the appearance of which is evidenced by their conversion into S-nitrosothiols under simultaneous inhalation of exogenous NO with the introduction of various thiols into the blood of animals. As well, the appearance of S-nitrosothiols in these animals is detected by their hypotensive effect on animals. The conversion of NO into nitrosonium cations also occurs during the synthesis of dinitrosyl iron complexes, as caused in living organisms by the reaction of disproportionation of endogenous NO molecules that bind in pairs with ferrous ions. The subsequent binding of Fe(NO)₂ groups arising during this reaction with thiol-containing ligands leads to the formation of sufficiently stable dinitrosyl iron complexes that function in living organisms as donors of both neutral NO molecules and nitrosonium (NO⁺) cations. The transfer of the latter to the targets of their biological effects is carried out as a result of direct contact of low-molecular-weight dinitrosyl iron complexes, respectively, with the heme group of heme-containing proteins (for example, guanylate cyclase) or with thiol groups of low molecular weight and protein thiol-containing compounds. Various consequences of such NO and NO⁺ transfer in living organisms are presented, which are both positive, regulatory, and negative, toxic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"69 5","pages":"937 - 954"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Simulation of the Diffusion of an Electroactive Molecule in Biosimilar Hydrogel Media","authors":"I. A. Cherenkov,&nbsp;M. D. Krivilyov,&nbsp;M. M. Ignat’eva,&nbsp;A. Yu. Emel’yanova,&nbsp;V. G. Sergeev","doi":"10.1134/S0006350924700891","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350924700891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on the experimental data of cyclic voltammetry, the diffusion coefficients of toluidine blue in alginate and gelatin hydrogels, as well as in their combinations, were determined. Using the experimental coefficients in the digital model, calculations of the reduction currents were carried out, which showed compliance with the experimental results. It is proposed to use the time when the current reaches a stationary level as an indicator of the diffusion properties of a hydrogel medium. The results are to be used to develop methods for evaluating the diffusion properties of hydrogel media, that is, bioinks and tissue engineering structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"69 5","pages":"811 - 819"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Typical Pathological Process in Glutamate Neurotoxicity: The Role of Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Species","authors":"V. P. Reutov,&nbsp;N. V. Pasikova,&nbsp;E. G. Sorokina","doi":"10.1134/S0006350924701008","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350924701008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Violation of the main regulatory mechanisms at the level of nerve cells can lead to the phenomenon of neurotoxicity/excitotoxicity of glutamate. Such phenomena most often occur under hypoxia/ischemia, inflammatory processes, and activation of immune and autoimmune reactions. Pathological changes in the brain at the early stages of diseases are nonspecific. They differ little from the physiological norm. Such typical pathological processes are characteristic of numerous diseases. They also develop in ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. The main task of this work was to analyze some physiological and cytochemical processes that are associated with the neurotransmitter glutamate, as well as with highly reactive and highly toxic compounds, reactive forms of nitrogen and oxygen. The reactive forms of nitrogen (<span>(^{bullet }{text{NO}})</span>) and oxygen (<span>(^{bullet}{text{O}}_{2}^{ - })</span>) can affect almost all major components of cells and subcellular structures. At low concentrations, they perform a regulatory function. The analysis of the mechanisms of toxic effects of glutamate, reactive forms of nitrogen and oxygen species as a model of stroke allowed us to propose new ways to protect against the damaging effects of the above substances, which can be used in the treatment of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"69 5","pages":"905 - 936"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Properties of Resorbable Conduits Based on Poly(L-lactide) Nanofibers and Chitosan Fibers for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration","authors":"N. A. Tagandurdyyeva,&nbsp;M. A. Trube,&nbsp;I. O. Shemyakin,&nbsp;D. N. Solomitskiy,&nbsp;G. V. Medvedev,&nbsp;E. M. Ivan’kova,&nbsp;I. P. Dobrovolskaya,&nbsp;V. Ye. Yudin","doi":"10.1134/S0006350924701057","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350924701057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tubular conduits have been developed for regeneration of peripheral nerves and repair of defects with a diastasis of more than 3 cm. The optimal conduit design included a tube based on poly(L-lactide) nanofibers and a filler in the form of composite chitosan fibers containing chitin nanofibrils. A study of motor coordination disorders was conducted <i>in vivo</i> using an assessment of the functional index of the sciatic nerve. It has been shown that the presence of chitosan monofilaments and chitosan composite fibers containing chitin nanofibrils in the conduit structure increased the rate of regeneration of the sciatic nerve; its functional index was 76–83. The degree of restoration of nerve conduction determined by measuring the amplitude of the M-response was 46%. The developed design of the conduit simulated the oriented architecture of the nerve, promoted electrical communication between the ends of the damaged nerve, and created conditions for increasing the rate of regeneration of nerve fibers and the direction of their growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"69 5","pages":"974 - 984"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}