Viruses-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Acquisition, Transmission, and Retention of Distinct Grapevine Red Blotch Virus Isolates in Relation to the Genotype and Sex of <i>Spissistilus festinus</i>, the Treehopper Vector.","authors":"Victoria J Hoyle, Anna O Wunsch, Heather McLane, Scottie Browning, Madison T Flasco, Elizabeth J Cieniewicz, Marc Fuchs","doi":"10.3390/v17091274","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), the causal agent of red blotch disease of grapevines, is transmitted by <i>Spissistilus festinus</i>, the threecornered alfalfa hopper. Isolates of GRBV belong to two phylogenetic clades (I and II) and <i>S. festinus</i> is a dimorphic insect, with two genotypes found in the western (California, CA) and the southeastern (SE) regions of the United States. The transmission of GRBV by <i>S. festinus</i> is circulative and nonpropagative, yet some parameters of transmission remain to be characterized. Here, we compared the acquisition, transmission, and retention of GRBV isolates from phylogenetic clades I and II by <i>S. festinus</i> males and females of the two genotypes. Results indicated that the SE genotype acquired GRBV more efficiently (72.5%, 29/40) than the CA genotype (22.5%, 18/80), with differences in acquisition observed between males (32.5%, 26/80) and females (52.5%, 21/40) of the two <i>S. festinus</i> genotypes and between GRBV isolates of phylogenetic clades I (29%, 23/80) and II (60%, 24/40). Following acquisition, both <i>S. festinus</i> genotypes and sexes retained GRBV isolates of phylogenetic clades I and II for at least 60 days without access to an infected plant. For transmission, the GRBV isolate of phylogenetic clade II was more efficiently transmitted by the SE genotype (54%, 13/24) than the CA genotype (17%, 4/24) and SE females (75%, 12/16) were significantly more efficient transmitters of GRBV than CA females (19%, 3/16). Together, our findings revealed that <i>S. festinus</i> genotype, sex, and virus isolate influence GRBV acquisition and transmission but not retention. This research addressed important knowledge gaps in <i>S. festinus</i>-mediated transmission of GRBV that are essential for advancing red blotch disease epidemiology and developing appropriate disease management responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing Viral Dark Matter: Comparative Genomics of Atypical Bacillus Phage YungSlug.","authors":"Allison A Johnson, Andrew Hale, Amine Sehnouni, Zainab Gbadamosi, Bret M Boyd","doi":"10.3390/v17091267","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Bacillus</i> phage YungSlug is a novel phage with a genome that has limited homology to known viruses. To better understand this unique phage, we searched for close relatives of YungSlug using traditional comparative genomics approaches and a broad search of a large protein database. YungSlug shares only 9% genome alignment with Bacillus phage Nachito, its closest relative, and less than 1% with others in its subfamily. A search for homologs in the NCBI nr database was dominated by low percent identity homologs from viral, bacteria, and environmental sources, returning matches for only 50% of the predicted proteins in YungSlug's genome. Additionally, a set of 21 conserved proteins was identified that may define a core gene set for the <i>Spounavirinae</i> subfamily of <i>Herelleviridae</i>. These findings highlight the diversity of phages infecting <i>Bacillus</i> and highlight gaps in our knowledge of the <i>Bacillus</i>-infecting phage community.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of Porcine Adenovirus Serotype 5 and Construction of Recombinant Virus as a Vector Platform for Vaccine Development.","authors":"Qianhua He, Jun Wu, Zhilong Bian, Yuan Sun, Jingyun Ma","doi":"10.3390/v17091270","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine adenovirus serotype 5 (PAdV-5) is an emerging viral vector platform for veterinary vaccines; however, its genomic plasticity and essential replication elements remain incompletely characterized. This study reports the isolation and reverse genetic manipulation of a novel PAdV-5 strain (GD84) from diarrheic piglets in China. PCR screening of 167 clinical samples revealed a PAdV-5 detection rate of 38.3% (64/167), with successful isolation on ST cells after three blind passages. The complete GD84 genome is 32,620 bp in length and exhibited 99.0% nucleotide identity to the contemporary strain Ino5, but only 97.0% to the prototype HNF-70. It features an atypical GC content of 51.0% and divergent structural genes-most notably the hexon gene (89% identity to HNF-70)-suggesting altered immunogenicity. Using Red/ET recombineering, we established a rapid (less than 3 weeks) reverse genetics platform and generated four E3-modified recombinants: ΔE3-All-eGFP, ΔE3-12.5K-eGFP, ΔE3-12.5K+ORF4-eGFP, and E3-Insert-eGFP. Crucially, the ΔE3-All-eGFP construct (complete E3 deletion) failed to be rescued, while constructs preserving the 12.5K open reading frame (ORF) yielded replication-competent viruses with sustained eGFP expression over three serial passages and titers over 10^7.0 TCID₅₀/mL. Fluorescence intensity was inversely correlated with genome size, as the full-length E3-Insert-eGFP virus showed reduced expression compared with the ΔE3 variants. Our work identifies the 12.5K ORF as essential for PAdV-5 replication and provides an optimized vaccine engineering platform that balances genomic payload capacity with replicative fitness.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Detection of ADV, Influenza B, and HPIV: Independent Risk Factors for SMPP with Changes in NPIs.","authors":"Linlin Huang, Ting Shi","doi":"10.3390/v17091266","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> This study investigated the epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) and explored the risk factors for severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) in children. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis was conducted on 36,380 children with acute respiratory infections who underwent multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for nine respiratory pathogens from September 2021 to November 2024. <b>Results:</b> A total of 36,380 children with ARTIs were enrolled in this study. The co-detection rate of MP with other pathogens was significantly higher in the post-NPIs period than in the NPIs period (36.5% vs. 25.7%, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Multivariate regression identified the detection of influenza A virus (InfA), InfB, human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), human bocaparvovirus (HBoV), human rhinovirus (HRV), adenovirus (ADV), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) as protective factors against MP epidemics (<i>p</i> < 0.01); meanwhile, older age, the cancellation of NPIs, and summer-autumn seasons were found to be risk factors. After adjusting for sex, age, period, season, and pathogens, InfB (OR: 3.009, 95%CI: 1.041-8.697, <i>p</i> = 0.042), HPIV (OR: 2.226, 95%CI: 1.170-4.235, <i>p</i> = 0.015), and ADV (OR: 2.035, 95%CI: 1.105-3.750, <i>p</i> = 0.023) were identified as independent risk factors for SMPP. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings highlight post-NPI shifts in MP epidemiology and identify ADV, InfB, and HPIV as early warning markers for SMPP.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV): From a Plant Pathogen to a Multifunctional Biotechnology Platform.","authors":"Almas Madirov, Nurgul Iksat, Zhaksylyk Masalimov","doi":"10.3390/v17091268","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant viruses have evolved from being viewed exclusively as pathogens into versatile and powerful tools for modern biotechnology. Among them, Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) holds a special place due to its well-studied molecular biology and unique structural properties. This review systematizes the knowledge on TBSV's dual role as a multifunctional platform. On one hand, we cover its application as a viral vector for the highly efficient expression of recombinant proteins in plants, as well as a tool for functional genomics, including Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) and the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing components. On the other hand, we provide a detailed analysis of the use of the stable and monodisperse TBSV virion in nanobiotechnology. Its capsid serves as an ideal scaffold for creating next-generation vaccine candidates, platforms for targeted drug delivery to tumor cells, and as a building block for the programmable self-assembly of complex nanoarchitectures. In conclusion, key challenges limiting the widespread adoption of the platform are discussed, including the genetic instability of vectors and difficulties in scalable purification, along with promising strategies to overcome them.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning-Based Automatic Segmentation and Analysis of Mitochondrial Damage by Zika Virus and SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Brianda Alexia Agundis-Tinajero, Miguel Ángel Coronado-Ipiña, Ignacio Lara-Hernández, Rodrigo Aparicio-Antonio, Anita Aguirre-Barbosa, Gisela Barrera-Badillo, Nidia Aréchiga-Ceballos, Irma López-Martínez, Claudia G Castillo, Vanessa Labrada-Martagón, Mauricio Comas-García, Aldo Rodrigo Mejía-Rodríguez","doi":"10.3390/v17091272","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viruses can induce various mitochondrial morphological changes, which are associated with the type of immune response. Therefore, characterization and analysis of mitochondrial ultrastructural changes could provide insights into the kind of immune response elicited, especially when compared to uninfected cells. However, this analysis is highly time-consuming and susceptible to observer bias. This work presents the development of a deep learning-based approach for the automatic identification, segmentation, and analysis of mitochondria from thin-section transmission electron microscopy images of cells infected with two SARS-CoV-2 variants or the Zika virus, utilizing a convolutional neural network with a U-Net architecture. A comparison between manual and automatic segmentations, along with morphological metrics, was performed, yielding an accuracy greater than 85% with no statistically significant differences between the manual and automatic metrics. This approach significantly reduces processing time and enables a prediction of the immune response to viral infections by allowing the detection of both intact and damaged mitochondria. Therefore, the proposed deep learning-based tool may represent a significant advancement in the study and understanding of cellular responses to emerging pathogens. Additionally, its applicability could be extended to the analysis of other organelles, thereby opening up new opportunities for automated studies in cell biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of Landscape Phage Probes Against Cellular Communication Network Factor 1 (CCN1/Cyr61).","authors":"James W Gillespie, Valery A Petrenko","doi":"10.3390/v17091273","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detection of cancer biomarkers at the earliest stages of disease progression is commonly assumed to extend the overall quality of life for cancer patients as the result of earlier clinical management of the disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of standardized, sensitive, robust, and commonly available screening and diagnostic tools for detecting the earliest signals of neoplastic pathology progression. Recently, a new paradigm of cancer control, known as multi-cancer detection (MCD), evolved, which measures the composition of cancer-related molecular analytes in the patient's fluids using minimally invasive techniques. In this respect, the \"Holy Grail\" of cancer researchers and bioengineers for decades has been composing a repertoire or molecular sensing probes that would allow for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of cancer diseases via their interaction with cell-secreted and cell-associated cancer antigens and biomarkers. Therefore, the current trend in screening and detection of cancer-related pathologies is the development of portable biosensors for mobile laboratories and individual use. Phage display, since its conception by George Smith 40 years ago, has emerged as a premier tool for molecular evolution in molecular biology with widespread applications including identification and screening of cancer biomarkers, such as Circulating Cellular Communication Network Factor 1 (CCN1), an extracellular matrix-associated signaling protein responsible for a variety of cellular functions and has been shown to be overexpressed as part of the response to various pathologies including cancer. We hypothesize that CCN1 protein can be used as a soluble marker for the early detection of breast cancer in a multi-cancer detection (MCD) platform. However, validated probes have not been identified to date. Here, we screened the multi-billion clone landscape phage display library for phages interacting specifically with immobilized CCN1 protein. Through our study, we discovered a panel of 26 different phage-fused peptides interacting selectively with CCN1 protein that can serve for development of a novel phage-based diagnostic platform to monitor changes in CCN1 serum concentration by liquid biopsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Pollution and Viral Risk: Detection of Dioxins and Coronaviruses in Cats and Dogs.","authors":"Francesco Serra, Silvia Canzanella, Sergio Brandi, Gerardo Picazio, Anna Maria Pugliese, Luca Del Sorbo, Gianluca Miletti, Enza Ragosta, Emanuela Sannino, Filomena Fiorito, Mauro Esposito, Esterina De Carlo, Giovanna Fusco, Maria Grazia Amoroso","doi":"10.3390/v17091271","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viral and chemical analyses were performed on 80 dead cats and 51 dead dogs from the Campania Region (Southern Italy), with the aim of evaluating in vivo the potential correlation between coronavirus (CoV) infections and levels of environmental pollutants such as dioxins and PCSs (PCDD/F, DL-PCB and NDL-PCB). The overall viral prevalence was 16.3% in cats and 23.5% in dogs. Both feline coronavirus (FCoV) and canine coronavirus (CCoV) were identified, with variable detection rates in all the other organs investigated, supporting studies that provide evidence of systemic viral spread. The highest prevalence of coronaviruses (CoVs) was observed in Naples (19.2% for FCoV; 30.7% for CCoV) and Caserta (11.1% for FCoV; 50.0% for CCoV), areas that include municipalities with the highest Municipality Index of Environmental Pressure (MIEP) scores. Chemical analyses showed that DL-PCBs were present at more elevated concentrations in CoV-infected dogs and cats than in non-infected animals, whereas ∑NDL-PCB and ∑PCDD/F were detected in greater amounts in non-infected subjects. Among PCDDs, the congener 2,3,7,8-TCDD displayed different distribution patterns between infected and non-infected animals. In cats, 70.0% of FCoV-positive individuals had 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels above the limit of quantification (LOQ), compared with 38.0% of FCoV-negative cats. In dogs, 78.0% of CCoV-infected animals exceeded the LOQ, compared with 20.0% of non-infected ones; this difference was statistically significant. The results of the study suggest that elevated levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD may be associated with CCoV infection and replication in dogs, suggesting a possible relationship between environmental pollution and susceptibility to coronavirus infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insect-Specific Viruses and Their Emerging Role in Plant Disease Mitigation.","authors":"Jianing Lei, Jingna Yuan, Mengnan Chen, Qianzhuo Mao","doi":"10.3390/v17091269","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insect vectors play a pivotal role in the emergence and dissemination of plant viral diseases. Beyond their function in transmitting plant viruses, these insects harbor diverse insect-specific viruses (ISVs). Advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) have uncovered virus diversity and prevalence in insects that far exceed previous estimations. However, current knowledge of ISVs remains predominantly limited to genomic sequencing information. Investigating the fundamental biology of ISVs, their effects on insect physiology, and their modulation of vector competence is critical for deciphering complex virus-virus and virus-insect interactions. Such research holds substantial promise for developing innovative biocontrol strategies against plant viral pathogens. This review synthesizes current insights into the interplay between plant viruses and their insect vectors, explores the discovery and functional roles of ISVs, and discusses the potential application of ISVs in mitigating plant viral diseases. Understanding these dynamic relationships offers new avenues for sustainable plant disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Torque teno felis virus (FcTTV) in Domestic Cats from Kazakhstan.","authors":"Gulzhan Yessembekova, Bolat Abdigulov, Alexandr Shevtsov, Asylulan Amirgazin, Sarsenbay Abdrakhmanov, Elena Shevtsova, Symbat Bolysbekkyzy, Salima Baduanova, Alexandr Shustov","doi":"10.3390/v17091265","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anelloviruses have a broad mammalian host range, including Torque teno felis virus (FcTTV), a felid-associated member that remains undercharacterized. This is the first comprehensive study of FcTTV in domestic cats in Central Asia. We analyzed blood samples from 206 domestic cats from the large city of Astana, Kazakhstan, collected in 2023-2024. Using nested PCR we identified 63 FcTTV-positive samples (30.6% prevalence), and the sequences were compared to global reference strains. Potential demographic associations (sex and age) were assessed. The study revealed an overall FcTTV prevalence of 30.6%. Infection rates showed no significant sex-related differences: ages varied 4-168 months. ORF1 sequencing revealed multiple FcTTV variants in 27% of samples, with no demographic links. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct patterns at both nucleotide and amino acid levels: 3 groups of nucleotide sequences (max divergence 21.68%; intra-cluster 5.15-6.8%), and 3 clusters of amino acid sequences (max divergence 16.81%; intra-cluster 2.82-6.68%). Deletions were found in ORF1 in some variants. Global phylogeny aligned clusters with Asian/European strains (90-98% identity), confirming FcTTV1 affiliation and inter-regional transmission. Our study of FcTTV in Kazakhstan reveals moderate virus prevalence with considerable genetic diversity across viral strains and frequent co-infections with multiple variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}