Viruses-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Next-Generation Sequencing Strategies During the 2024-2025 Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Emergency Response in the U.S.","authors":"Julia C Frederick, Kristine A Lacek, Matthew J Wersebe, Bo Shu, Lisa M Keong, Juliana DaSilva, Malania M Wilson, Sydney R Sheffield, Jimma Liddell, Natasha Burnett, Reina Chau, Amanda H Sullivan, Yunho Jang, Juan A De La Cruz, Elizabeth A Pusch, Dan Cui, Yasuko Hatta, Sabrina Schatzman, Norman Hassell, Xiao-Yu Zheng, Ha T Nguyen, Larisa Gubareva, Rebecca Kondor, Han Di, Vivien G Dugan, Charles T Davis, Benjamin L Rambo-Martin, Marie K Kirby","doi":"10.3390/v18040482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18040482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first influenza A(H5N1) human case associated with the A(H5N1) dairy cattle outbreak in the United States was identified in April 2024. The U.S. CDC response to this outbreak was activated days later and remained active until July 2025. During this time, 70 human cases of influenza A(H5N1) were detected with a range of epidemiological links to sources of exposure. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of human samples was an effectual mechanism for tracking and analyzing the outbreak evolution throughout the response. Due to the specimens' importance and their variable physical quality, an assortment of laboratory methods was utilized including influenza segment-specific amplification, enrichment capture, short-read, and long-read sequencing. Combining these methods allowed for high-quality genomic data production with rapid turnaround times-typically 2 days from sample receipt to public database submission. By leveraging replicate sequencing, enrichment capture, and sequencing of diagnostic amplicons, valuable genomic data could be produced directly from human clinical specimens that would have normally been considered too weak for routine virologic surveillance sequencing. The resulting assemblies were characterized and analyzed by CDC and shared with local and state public health authorities to facilitate case investigations and risk assessment. These data were further used for phylogenetic analyses of viruses from human cases to investigate likely animal-to-human transmission events and identify clusters within the outbreak that might indicate trends in the types of exposures. Through the adaptable laboratory workflow and the rapid release of viral genomic data, the public health risk mitigation strategies could be evaluated and adjusted in real time.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals Previously Undetected Viruses and Mixed Infections in Pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) in Hungary.","authors":"Emese Demián, Réka Sáray, Asztéria Almási, Kata Pogácsás, Katalin Salánki","doi":"10.3390/v18040481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18040481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing global movement of plant material and the complexity of viral communities associated with cultivated crops complicate routine plant virus diagnostics. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has therefore become an important tool for the comprehensive characterization of plant viromes. In this study, symptomatic pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) samples submitted to our laboratory between 2020 and 2025 were investigated using HTS following unsuccessful routine diagnostic assays, despite the presence of virus-like symptoms. Virome analysis revealed the presence of multiple viruses with distinct biological characteristics. Eggplant mottled dwarf virus (EMDV) sequences were identified, representing, to our knowledge, the first sequence data from Hungary. In addition, sequences related to tobacco vein clearing virus (TVCV) showed highest similarity to endogenous viral element present in <i>Capsicum annuum</i> genome assemblies. Persistent viruses, including bell pepper alphaendornavirus (BPEV) and pepper cryptic virus 2 (PCV2), were also detected. These findings demonstrate the complex viral communities associated with cultivated pepper and highlight the limitations of strictly targeted diagnostic approaches. The results emphasize the value of HTS for comprehensive virome characterization in horticultural crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing Control Strategies for Foot-and-Mouth Disease in New England Using the InterSpread Plus Model: Impacts of Regional Zoning, Early Detection, and Enhanced Biosecurity.","authors":"Johnbosco U Osuagwu, Julia M Smith, Scott C Merrill","doi":"10.3390/v18040480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18040480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) poses a significant threat to the United States dairy industry. This study evaluates the effectiveness of regional zoning, enhanced detection, and biosecurity in controlling FMD spread, focusing on the New England milkshed, using the InterSpread Plus (ISP+) model. We adapted a baseline ISP+ configuration incorporating United States dairy farm data, movement networks, cattle dealers, markets, and slaughterhouses, with milk processing plants as a model addition. Four hypotheses were tested to understand the impact of different biosecurity strategies: (H1) regional zoning limits the interregional spread of FMD post-detection; (H2) earlier detection in New England via increased passive surveillance reduces the overall outbreak impact; (H3) reduced indirect transmission through enhanced biosecurity measures improves FMD outbreak control; (H4) the combination of regional zoning and earlier detection provides synergistic reduction in FMD impact beyond either strategy alone. The four hypotheses were tested using three geographically distinct infection seed sets; 100 iterations of each scenario were simulated over 210 days and compared to the baseline. Key impact metrics included the daily number of infected premises, the outbreak duration, and the total number of infected premises across the outbreak scenarios. Results suggest shorter outbreak durations and reduced total infected premises under the hypothesized scenarios, compared to the baseline scenario. Kruskal-Wallis H tests confirmed significant differences across the baseline, regional zoning, early detection, enhanced biosecurity, and the combination of heightened passive surveillance with regional zoning scenarios in terms of total infected premises. Post hoc Dunn's tests indicated that enhanced biosecurity outperformed other control strategies tested. These findings demonstrate that layered interventions may substantially curtail both the national amplification and local spread of FMD, and thus protect the consumer milk supply and reduce cascading economic shocks from an outbreak.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing of Remdesivir Initiation and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Who Are at High Risk of Disease Progression in Japan: A Health Insurance Claims Database Study.","authors":"Yuichiro Shindo, Yi Piao, Mark Berry, Heribert Ramroth, Manami Yoshida","doi":"10.3390/v18040479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18040479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early initiation of remdesivir (RDV) is recommended to improve COVID-19 outcomes, but real-world studies describing patterns of RDV use and related outcomes among Japanese COVID-19 patients at high-risk of severe outcomes or death are limited. This claims-based cohort study included 60,165 high-risk patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between October 2021 and June 2023 using the DeSC Healthcare claims database. Patients were categorized into early-RDV (within 2 days of hospital admission), late-RDV (between day 3 and day 7), and no-RDV groups based on RDV initiation timing. Descriptive analyses were performed according to RDV groups. Of the study patients, ≥85% were very elderly (≥75 years). Approximately 39% of patients received early RDV, 2% received late RDV, and 59% received no RDV. By day 28, the proportion of alive discharge for early-, late-, and no-RDV groups was 74.9%, 63.1%, and 71.8%, respectively. The mortality for early-, late-, and no-RDV groups was 7.7%, 8.8%, and 8.4%, respectively. Future hypothesis-driven studies with an appropriate adjustment for confounders are needed to formally evaluate the impact of RDV initiation timing on clinical outcomes in this high-risk, predominantly late-elderly population in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Participatory Surveillance for Early Detection of Notifiable Pathogens: A Case Study of the U.S. Swine Industry.","authors":"Berenice Munguía-Ramírez, Giovani Trevisan, Paul Morris, Gustavo S Silva, Danyang Zhang, Chong Wang, Rodger Main, Jeffrey Zimmerman","doi":"10.3390/v18040478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18040478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The continued global spread of WOAH-listed pathogens via trade, transport, and travel calls for the implementation of biosecurity measures to protect the health of our national livestock industries, plus ongoing surveillance to verify that such measures are operative. Despite this urgency, surveillance must be practical and affordable. Herein, we evaluated the performance and cost of participatory surveillance, a nontraditional surveillance design, using the U.S. swine industry as an example. In this context, \"participatory\" meant that herd veterinarians and/or producers collected and submitted samples from the herd to accredited laboratories for testing. To create an infected population (Phase 1), we simulated the introduction and spread of an unspecified notifiable pathogen within the 48 contiguous U.S states (66,637 swine farms, within 8,080,470 km²) using the USDA Animal Disease Spread Model software (v3.5.10.0). In Phase 2, we calculated the probability of detecting ≥1 infected farm as a function of producer participation, farm-level sensitivity, farm-level prevalence, and sampling frequency. The participatory design was effective: ≥90% probability of detecting the notifiable pathogen at 0.05% farm prevalence (33 positive farms among 66,637 farms) when farm-level sensitivity was ≥20% and producer participation was ≥40%. Depending on the specimen collected, the shipment method, and the test selected, costs ranged from $0.03 to $0.07 USD (€0.02 to €0.06) per pig in inventory. Thus, a surveillance design based on collecting and testing specimens from a few targeted pigs on each of many farms would be both affordable and effective at a national level.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Pathophysiological Considerations Related to the Impact of Bulevirtide, a New Entry Inhibitor, in HBV-HDV Infection.","authors":"Raisa Eloise Barbu, Mariana Daniela Ignat, Roxana Elena Bogdan Goroftei, Alexia Anastasia Ștefania Baltă, Valerii Lutenco, Valentin Bulza, Valerian Ionuț Stoian, Simona Claudia Cambrea, Elena Dumea, Liliana Baroiu","doi":"10.3390/v18040477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18040477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review critically examines the inhibition of viral entry as an emerging disease-modifying strategy in chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and delta (HDV) virus infection, with particular emphasis on bulevirtide, the first-in-class of the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide entry inhibitor. This paper summarizes the analysis of 7 clinical trials that either underpinned the registration of bulevirtide or are important European real-life trials. We synthesize virological, pathophysiological and clinical evidence, highlighting the impact of this novel bulevirtide-based therapy on virological control, liver inflammation, fibrosis dynamics and long-term prognosis, as well as the limitations of this therapy. The observation of these trials is a greater than 2 log decrease from baseline in hepatitis D virus ribonucleic acid (HDV RNA) in 54-92% of patients and normalization of alanine transaminase (ALT) in 48.8-74% of patients after 23-144 weeks of treatment, and a significant decrease in liver fibrosis, as quantified by Fibroscan, at 12 months of treatment. The conclusion of the study is that this therapy represents an important leap in the etiological approach to chronic HDV infection and in improving the prognosis of these patients, but future clinical studies are needed to define the criteria for discontinuation of therapy, the long-term impact, as well as studies targeting new therapies that can intervene in other stages of the HDV and HBV life cycle not only to achieve HDV RNA negativity but also HBsAg clearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Antiviral Drug Development Targeting Enteroviruses: From Viral Proteins to Host Factors.","authors":"Jiaying Lu, Congyi Li, Wenzhe Cui, Yining Du, Jiayi Geng, Wenyan Zhang","doi":"10.3390/v18040476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18040476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enteroviruses represent important human pathogens, posing a substantial disease burden, particularly in children under 5 years of age. Enteroviruses are the primary causative agents of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) and are strongly associated with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), with severe cases potentially resulting in significant neurological complications. Inactivated vaccines against EV-A71 based on the C4 genotype are currently available. However, there are no licensed direct antiviral agents for severe cases. By focusing on viral proteins and host factors, researchers have made great strides in the creation of antiviral medications that target enteroviruses. However, several viral candidates failed to progress in clinical development due to limited efficacy or side effects. This review discusses key findings in enterovirus antiviral research, analyzes the advantages and limitations of each drug target, and highlights knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to advance further development in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and Phylogenetic Insights into a Human Rabies Virus Isolate from Romania.","authors":"Vlad Vuta, Maria Gradinaru, Mihnea Hurmuzache, Florica Bărbuceanu, Lenuta Zamfir, Răzvan Moțiu, Laura Schmid, Dirk Höper, Sten Calvelage, Thomas Müller, Conrad M Freuling","doi":"10.3390/v18040475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18040475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease once clinical symptoms develop. In Europe, sustained animal rabies control programs have led to a marked decline in animal rabies and subsequently human rabies cases; however, sporadic infections continue to occur. In July 2025, a fatal case of autochthonous (locally acquired) human rabies was confirmed in Romania following a stray dog bite in a patient who did not receive post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Here, we report the first molecular characterization of a human rabies virus (RABV) strain isolated in Romania and place it in the context of contemporaneously circulating animal-derived RABV strains. Rabies virus infection was confirmed intra vitam by fluorescent antibody testing and both conventional and real-time RT-PCR on cerebrospinal fluid and saliva, with postmortem confirmation on skin and brain tissue. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the human isolate and on 22 animal-derived RABV strains collected in northern Romania in 2025. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all recent Romanian sequences clustered within the North-East European (NEE) rabies virus phylogenetic group and segregated into two geographically distinct genetic clusters: a north-western cluster, closely related to strains from Slovakia and Poland, and a larger north-eastern cluster, linked to viruses circulating in eastern Romania and the Republic of Moldova. The human-derived RABV genome was grouped within the north-eastern cluster and showed the highest genetic similarity to animal viral strains from the same geographical area, supporting a local transmission event. This demonstrates the importance of integrating human viral genomic data into the national rabies surveillance framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Viromes of Solanaceous Weeds in Hungary Using High-Throughput Sequencing Adds New Insights to Their Hidden Complexity.","authors":"Burim Ismajli, Zsuzsanna N Galbács, Lilla Dorottya Péri, György Pasztor, András Péter Takács, Éva Várallyay","doi":"10.3390/v18040474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18040474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Weed control of solanaceous weeds growing with solanaceous crops is a constant challenge. Infected by viruses, they can also act as virus reservoirs, complicating this problem further. Viromes of annual <i>Solanum nigrum</i>, <i>Datura stramonium</i>, and <i>Solanum dulcamara</i>, a perennial climbing shrub, were investigated using RNA sequencing and validated using RT-PCR, revealing infection with nine viruses. Broad bean wilt virus 1 (BBWV1), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and potato virus M (PVM) were found to infect <i>S. nigrum</i>. Investigating only 46 plants revealed infection with <i>Solanum dulcamara</i> yellow fleck virus (SDYFV) not only in <i>S. dulcamara</i> but in a new host, <i>D. stramonium</i>, which also represents a new host of turnip yellows virus (TuYV). We described the first presence of a potato virus H (PVH)-like, and Oxybasis rubra mitovirus 1 (OxruMV1)-like virus in Europe, in <i>S. dulcamara</i> as a new host. Our results highlight the unexpected complexity of the viromes of solanaceous weeds, which should be considered during reliable and efficient plant protection strategies, in order to alleviate the virus reservoir role of the weeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Key Role of Complement Receptor CRIg in Kupffer Cell-Mediated Liver Disease Progression.","authors":"Xin-Zhou Sun, Yan Liu","doi":"10.3390/v18040473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18040473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver diseases, ranging from chronic hepatitis and metabolic dysfunction to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, represent a major global public health burden. As an immune-privileged organ, the liver harbors a unique and intricate immune microenvironment, which plays a dual role in pathogen clearance and chronicity. Kupffer cells (KCs), the primary resident macrophages in the liver, constitute the first line of defense in liver innate immunity and play complex and important roles in pathogen recognition, phagocytosis, and the regulation of liver inflammation and immune responses. The complement receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily (CRIg) is a membrane receptor that is specifically expressed on KCs. It serves not only as a sentinel for the liver against pathogen invasion but also as a sophisticated regulator for maintaining immune homeostasis. As a key component of the liver's immune system, CRIg can efficiently mediate the clearance of complement-opsonized particles, thereby playing multidimensional roles in pathogen clearance, antigen cross-presentation, and the establishment of immune tolerance, functioning as both a \"pathogen catcher\" and an \"immune brake.\" This review focuses on the CRIg molecule, detailing its mechanisms in the recognition and phagocytic clearance by KCs, and its subsequent impact on hepatic immune responses. Furthermore, we explored the potential involvement of CRIg in the pathological progression of diverse liver diseases, including persistent inflammation, fibrosis, and hepatocarcinogenesis. This synthesis provides novel insights into the immunopathology of liver diseases and establishes a theoretical foundation for developing CRIg-targeted therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}