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Cervical Secretions from Women After Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Depo-Provera) Administration Promote HIV Infectivity Ex Vivo. 服用醋酸甲孕酮后妇女宫颈分泌物促进体外HIV感染。
IF 3.5 3区 医学
Viruses-Basel Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.3390/v17091283
Carley Tasker, Natalie E Roche, Yungtai Lo, Theresa L Chang
{"title":"Cervical Secretions from Women After Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Depo-Provera) Administration Promote HIV Infectivity Ex Vivo.","authors":"Carley Tasker, Natalie E Roche, Yungtai Lo, Theresa L Chang","doi":"10.3390/v17091283","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) has been associated with an increased risk of HIV acquisition. We have previously shown that Depo-Provera administration increases immune markers for HIV preference on peripheral and cervical CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells but decreases the levels of most immune mediators at vaginal and cervical mucosa. In this study, we determined the effect of cervicovaginal secretions from women before (visit 1), one month (visit 2) and three months (visit 3) after Depo-Provera treatment on HIV infectivity ex vivo. The effect of supernatants from vaginal, endocervical, and rectal swabs and from cervical cytobrush on HIV infectivity were assessed by a single-cycle infection assay using CCR5-using HIV-luciferase reporter viruses. We found that endocervical secretions from women after Depo-Provera treatment promoted HIV infectivity. When analyzing the association between endocervical mediator changes in response to Depo-Provera, available in our previous study, and the changes in HIV infectivity pre- and post-treatment, we found that changes in IL-17 and VEGF were positively associated with changes in HIV infectivity at visit 2 compared with visit 1, whereas changes in RANTES and IL-4 were negatively associated with HIV infectivity. The negative association between RANTES and HIV infectivity was also observed at visit 3 compared with visit 1. Additionally, changes in IL-1α at visit 3 were positively associated with changes in HIV infectivity compared with visit 1. These findings suggest that Depo-Provera may increase the HIV risk by shifting the mucosal milieu that promotes HIV infectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction: Galuzo et al. CLEC5A Activation in Inflammatory Monocytes: A Mechanism for Enhanced Adaptive Immunity Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in a Preclinical Study. Viruses 2025, 17, 1233. 更正:Galuzo等人。CLEC5A在炎症单核细胞中的激活:临床前研究中COVID-19 mRNA疫苗接种后增强适应性免疫的机制2025 17 1233号病毒。
IF 3.5 3区 医学
Viruses-Basel Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.3390/v17091281
Renan Galuzo, Thiago Lazari Machado, Ryann de Souza Nascimento, Jorvan Ramos de Medeiros, Luciana Neves Tubarão, Jane Silva, Vanessa Pimenta Rocha, Tamiris Azamor, Felipe Soares Coelho, Andrea Marques Vieira da Silva, Lorenna Carvalho da Rosa, Juliana Fernandes Amorim da Silva, Renata Tourinho Santos, Rodrigo Müller, Carolina Baeta Salvador Várady, Ana Paula Dinis Ano Bom, Patricia Cristina da Costa Neves, Juliana Gil Melgaço
{"title":"Correction: Galuzo et al. CLEC5A Activation in Inflammatory Monocytes: A Mechanism for Enhanced Adaptive Immunity Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in a Preclinical Study. <i>Viruses</i> 2025, <i>17</i>, 1233.","authors":"Renan Galuzo, Thiago Lazari Machado, Ryann de Souza Nascimento, Jorvan Ramos de Medeiros, Luciana Neves Tubarão, Jane Silva, Vanessa Pimenta Rocha, Tamiris Azamor, Felipe Soares Coelho, Andrea Marques Vieira da Silva, Lorenna Carvalho da Rosa, Juliana Fernandes Amorim da Silva, Renata Tourinho Santos, Rodrigo Müller, Carolina Baeta Salvador Várady, Ana Paula Dinis Ano Bom, Patricia Cristina da Costa Neves, Juliana Gil Melgaço","doi":"10.3390/v17091281","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genome-Wide Variation Profile of the Genus Tobamovirus. 托巴莫病毒属的全基因组变异谱。
IF 3.5 3区 医学
Viruses-Basel Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.3390/v17091284
Amany E Gomaa, Hernan Garcia-Ruiz
{"title":"Genome-Wide Variation Profile of the Genus <i>Tobamovirus</i>.","authors":"Amany E Gomaa, Hernan Garcia-Ruiz","doi":"10.3390/v17091284","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Tobamovirus</i> belongs to the family <i>Virgaviridae</i>, and the genome consists of monopartite, positive, single-strand RNA. Most species contain four open reading frames encoding four essential proteins. Transmission occurs primarily through mechanical contact between plants, and in some cases, via seed dispersal. <i>Tobamovirus fructirugosum</i> (tomato brown rugose fruit virus, ToBRFV), the most recently described species in the genus, was first reported in 2015. It overcame genetic resistance that had been effective in tomato for sixty years, causing devastating losses in tomato production worldwide, and highlights the importance of understanding <i>Tobamovirus</i> genomic variation and evolution. In this study, we measured and characterized nucleotide variation for the entire genome and for all species in the genus <i>Tobamovirus.</i> Additionally, we measured the selection pressure acting on each open reading frame. Results showed that low nucleotide diversity and negative selection pressure are general features of tobamoviruses, with values that are approximately the same across open reading frames and without hypervariable areas. A comparison of nucleotide diversity between <i>T. fructirugosum</i> and its close relatives, <i>T. tomatotessellati</i> (tomato mosaic virus, ToMV) and <i>T. tabaci</i> (tobacco mosaic virus, TMV), showed low nucleotide diversity in the movement protein region harboring the resistance-breaking mutation. Furthermore, phylogenetic and diversity analyses showed that <i>T. fructirugosum</i> continues to evolve, and geographical distribution and host influence genomic diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The ORF1ab of Feline Coronavirus Plays a Critical Role in Regulating the Innate Immune Response. 猫冠状病毒ORF1ab在调节先天免疫反应中起关键作用。
IF 3.5 3区 医学
Viruses-Basel Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.3390/v17091282
Haorong Gu, Chuqiao Xia, Hongtao Kang, Honglin Jia
{"title":"The ORF1ab of Feline Coronavirus Plays a Critical Role in Regulating the Innate Immune Response.","authors":"Haorong Gu, Chuqiao Xia, Hongtao Kang, Honglin Jia","doi":"10.3390/v17091282","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) are divided into two groups: feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). FIPV is responsible for the severe disease known as feline infectious peritonitis, while FECV typically causes mild symptoms, such as diarrhea, and often does not lead to any disease at all. Currently, it is not possible to distinguish between FIPV and FECV at the molecular level. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the molecular features of FIPV. Here, we generated a recombinant virus by replacing the ORF1ab region and the coding sequence for the spike (S) protein of an FECV with the corresponding sequences from FIPVs. The recombinant virus (recFECV-S<sub>DF-2</sub>-1ab<sub>FIPV</sub>) exhibited similar growth kinetics to its parental strain. Our analysis revealed that the replacement of the ORF1ab in the FECV caused significant alterations in protein expression within the host cells. Furthermore, the presence of the ORF1ab from the FIPV strain resulted in enhanced suppression of the innate immune response compared to the parental strain, as determined through proteomic and transcriptomic studies. Additionally, we demonstrated that the papain-like protease 2 (PL2<sup>pro</sup>) of the non-structural protein 3 (NSP3) from both FIPV and FECV functions in immune suppression, and the protease activity is required for this function.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ruvidar®-An Effective Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Agent. Ruvidar®-一种有效的抗单纯疱疹病毒剂。
IF 3.5 3区 医学
Viruses-Basel Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.3390/v17091280
Kevin M Coombs, Roger DuMoulin-White, Arkady Mandel
{"title":"Ruvidar<sup>®</sup>-An Effective Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Agent.","authors":"Kevin M Coombs, Roger DuMoulin-White, Arkady Mandel","doi":"10.3390/v17091280","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious agents account for millions of deaths every year. The Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSVs) are large double-stranded DNA viruses that infect more than 90% of the human population and can establish life-long latency in human hosts. Currently, effective FDA approved anti-herpetic drugs include acyclovir and later-generation derivatives (valacyclovir and famciclovir), which inhibit viral DNA synthesis. In previous work, we demonstrated that the small molecule Ruvidar<sup>®</sup> could inhibit numerous pathogenic human viruses when added to solutions of viruses both with and without light activation. In these experiments, we evaluated the ability of Ruvidar<sup>®</sup> to restrict HSV-1 replication in Vero cells, both by itself and in combination with acyclovir and metformin in the absence of light activation to mimic deep tissue. Ruvidar<sup>®</sup> successfully inhibited HSV-1 replication at significantly lower concentrations and more effectively than either acyclovir or metformin alone. We also discovered additive and synergistic anti-HSV-1 effects when combinational therapy was tested. Ruvidar<sup>®</sup> also restricted HSV-1 replication in human U251 glioblastoma astrocytoma cells, remained highly effective against acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 mutants, and protected infected cells from virus-induced cytopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structural Insights into the Nuclear Import of Haliotid Herpesvirus 1 Large Tegument Protein Homologue. 水母疱疹病毒1号大被膜蛋白同源物核输入的结构分析。
IF 3.5 3区 医学
Viruses-Basel Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.3390/v17091279
Babu Kanti Nath, Crystall M D Swarbrick, Renate H M Schwab, Daryl Ariawan, Ole Tietz, Jade K Forwood, Subir Sarker
{"title":"Structural Insights into the Nuclear Import of Haliotid Herpesvirus 1 Large Tegument Protein Homologue.","authors":"Babu Kanti Nath, Crystall M D Swarbrick, Renate H M Schwab, Daryl Ariawan, Ole Tietz, Jade K Forwood, Subir Sarker","doi":"10.3390/v17091279","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abalone are highly susceptible to haliotid herpesvirus 1 (HaHV1), the causative agent of abalone viral ganglioneuritis (AVG), a re-emerging disease responsible for significant mortality events in both wild and farmed populations. Currently, there are no effective antiviral treatments or preventive measures available against HaHV1, which is partly due to the limited understanding of the immune responses and viral pathogenesis in this non-model marine invertebrate. This highlights the urgent need for novel intervention strategies, including investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying HaHV1 infection. In other herpesviruses, the large tegument protein UL36 plays a crucial role in transporting the viral capsid to the host cell's nuclear pore complex (NPC), mediated by N-terminal nuclear localization signals (NLSs). However, the nuclear import mechanism of UL36 homologue (UL36h) in HaHV1 remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized the NLS motif within HaHV1 UL36h and elucidated its interactions with the importin alpha (IMPα) nuclear import receptor. Through a combination of high-resolution crystallography and quantitative binding assays, we determined the key residues responsible for binding to IMPα and demonstrated isoform-specific variations in binding affinity. Our biochemical and structural analyses confirmed key interactions within the NLS that are essential for IMPα interactions. These findings advance our molecular understanding of HaHV1 host interactions and pave the way for the development of targeted antiviral strategies against abalone herpesvirus infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection Antagonizes the Secretion of Type I Interferons in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages by Interfering with the Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I/Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5 Pathway via Fc Gamma Receptor I. 抗体依赖性增强猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染通过干扰视黄酸诱导基因I/黑色素瘤分化相关基因5通路抑制猪肺泡巨噬细胞分泌I型干扰素
IF 3.5 3区 医学
Viruses-Basel Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.3390/v17091277
Liujun Zhang, Aiyang Wang, Weizhen Chen, Xing Feng, Bo Wang, Shaojun He, Hongjie Fan
{"title":"Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection Antagonizes the Secretion of Type I Interferons in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages by Interfering with the Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I/Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5 Pathway via Fc Gamma Receptor I.","authors":"Liujun Zhang, Aiyang Wang, Weizhen Chen, Xing Feng, Bo Wang, Shaojun He, Hongjie Fan","doi":"10.3390/v17091277","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type I interferons (IFNs), mainly IFN-α and IFN-β, play an essential role in defending against viral invasion by inducing the host's innate antiviral response. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is known to impair the IFN responses of infected hosts through the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) infection pathway, but the precise mechanisms employed are poorly understood. In this study, we showed that PRRSV alone induced a strong secretion of IFN-α and IFN-β in infected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) by activating the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)/melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) signaling pathway. By contrast, ADE infection of PRRSV significantly down-regulated the production levels of IFN-α and IFN-β in PAMs by negatively regulating the RIG-I/MDA5 signaling pathway and considerably enhancing the replication level of PRRSV in PAMs. Next, small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments revealed that Fc gamma receptor I (FcγRI) was responsible for the ADE infection of PRRSV in PAMs. In addition, we observed that FcγRI mediated the potent inhibition of IFN-α and IFN-β production through blocking the activation of the RIG-I/MDA5 signaling pathway in PAMs. Further, we found that FcγRI effectively inhibited PRRSV-induced synthesis of IFN-α and IFN-β by negatively regulating PRRSV-induced activation of the RIG-I/MDA5 signaling pathway in PAMs and significantly increased the viral production of PRRSV in PAMs. In conclusion, these results suggest that ADE infection of PRRSV may antagonize the secretion of type I IFNs (IFN-α/β) by interfering with the RIG-I/MDA5 pathway via FcγRI in PAMs, thereby facilitating the proliferation level of PRRSV in PAMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular Insights into HPV-Driven Head and Neck Cancers: From Viral Oncoproteins to Precision Therapeutics. hpv驱动的头颈癌的分子洞察:从病毒癌蛋白到精确治疗。
IF 3.5 3区 医学
Viruses-Basel Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.3390/v17091276
Mustafa Ozdogan, Gizem Tutkun, Muharrem Okan Cakir, Gholam Hossein Ashrafi
{"title":"Molecular Insights into HPV-Driven Head and Neck Cancers: From Viral Oncoproteins to Precision Therapeutics.","authors":"Mustafa Ozdogan, Gizem Tutkun, Muharrem Okan Cakir, Gholam Hossein Ashrafi","doi":"10.3390/v17091276","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a major role in the development of head and neck cancers (HNCs), particularly oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. This review highlights the key molecular mechanisms of HPV-driven carcinogenesis, focusing on the oncogenic E6 and E7 proteins and their disruption of tumor suppressor pathways and epigenetic regulation. We discuss the rising prevalence of HPV-related HNCs, their distinct clinical features, and diagnostic approaches such as p16 immunohistochemistry and HPV DNA/RNA detection. HPV-positive tumors show better prognosis and response to treatment, prompting interest in therapy de-escalation. Emerging strategies including immune checkpoint inhibitors, therapeutic vaccines, CRISPR-based gene editing, and ctDNA monitoring are advancing precision oncology in this field. We also examine the preventive potential of HPV vaccination and ongoing research into its role across various HNC subtypes. A deeper understanding of HPV's molecular impact may guide more effective, targeted, and less toxic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RNA Polymerase III Regulates HIV Replication and Latency. RNA聚合酶III调控HIV复制和潜伏期。
IF 3.5 3区 医学
Viruses-Basel Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.3390/v17091278
Landon Thompson, Imran Jamal, Juthika Das, Casey Dang, Zhenzi Hong, Doran Katz, Alberto Bosque, Vir B Singh
{"title":"RNA Polymerase III Regulates HIV Replication and Latency.","authors":"Landon Thompson, Imran Jamal, Juthika Das, Casey Dang, Zhenzi Hong, Doran Katz, Alberto Bosque, Vir B Singh","doi":"10.3390/v17091278","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The elimination of HIV latent reservoirs is an extremely challenging task due to the interplay of multiple mechanisms regulating latency. Thus, we need to identify novel strategies to target heterogeneous reservoirs uniformly. Recent reports have provided intriguing evidence for the novel antiviral function of RNA Polymerase III (RNAP III), which remains to be further explored. In this study, we evaluated the role of RNA Pol III in regulating HIV latency and replication. We first demonstrated that the pharmacological inhibition of RNAP III can lead to a strong reactivation of latency in cell lines representing both T and monocytic cellular reservoirs. Next, we investigated the involvement of RNA Pol III in regulating HIV-1 replication using HIV-1 pseudotyped (DuoFluo) virus and HIV-1-Bal in THP-1 and Sup-T1 cells. We show that the pharmacological inhibition of RNAP III significantly induced HIV transcription. These findings were further confirmed in physiologically relevant primary CD4 T cells, and a consistent increase in HIV transcription was observed up to 72 h. Collectively, our study suggests that inhibition of RNAP III can increase the rate of HIV transcription, while the total HIV DNA remains unchanged. Overall, our study identifies a previously unknown role of RNA Pol III in restricting HIV transcription and advocates that targeting RNAP III-driven mechanisms could be a novel strategy to reactivate HIV latent reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Living Together Apart: Quantitative Perspectives on the Costs and Benefits of a Multipartite Genome Organization in Viruses. 分开生活在一起:病毒多部基因组组织的成本和收益的定量观点。
IF 3.5 3区 医学
Viruses-Basel Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.3390/v17091275
Marcelle L Johnson, Dieke Boezen, Alexey A Grum-Grzhimaylo, René A A van der Vlugt, J Arjan G M de Visser, Mark P Zwart
{"title":"Living Together Apart: Quantitative Perspectives on the Costs and Benefits of a Multipartite Genome Organization in Viruses.","authors":"Marcelle L Johnson, Dieke Boezen, Alexey A Grum-Grzhimaylo, René A A van der Vlugt, J Arjan G M de Visser, Mark P Zwart","doi":"10.3390/v17091275","DOIUrl":"10.3390/v17091275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multipartite viruses individually package their multiple genome segments into virus particles, necessitating the transmission of multiple virus particles for effective viral spread. This dependence poses a cost in the form of reduced transmission compared to monopartite viruses, which only have a single genome segment. The notable cost of a multipartite genome organization has spurred debate on why multipartite viruses are so common among plant viruses, including a search for benefits associated with this organizational form.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the costs and benefits of multipartite viruses with three approaches. First, we reanalyzed dose-response data to measure the cost of multipartition to between-host transmission for multipartite viruses. Second, we developed a simulation model to explore when the sharing of viral gene products between cells is beneficial. Third, we tested whether multipartite viruses have a broad host range by estimating the host range for plant viruses using metagenomics data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find that the observed cost to transmission exceeds theoretical predictions. We predict that a virus gene-product-sharing strategy only confers benefits under limited conditions, suggesting that this strategy may not be common. Our results suggest that multipartite and segmented viruses have broader host ranges than monopartite viruses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our analyses also suggest there is limited evidence for the costs and benefits of a multipartite organization, and we argue that the diversity of multipartite virus-host systems demands pluralistic explanatory frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":49328,"journal":{"name":"Viruses-Basel","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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