Co-Detection of ADV, Influenza B, and HPIV: Independent Risk Factors for SMPP with Changes in NPIs.

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 VIROLOGY

Viruses-Basel Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI:10.3390/v17091266

Linlin Huang, Ting Shi

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Abstract

Background: This study investigated the epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) and explored the risk factors for severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) in children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 36,380 children with acute respiratory infections who underwent multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for nine respiratory pathogens from September 2021 to November 2024. Results: A total of 36,380 children with ARTIs were enrolled in this study. The co-detection rate of MP with other pathogens was significantly higher in the post-NPIs period than in the NPIs period (36.5% vs. 25.7%, p < 0.01). Multivariate regression identified the detection of influenza A virus (InfA), InfB, human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), human bocaparvovirus (HBoV), human rhinovirus (HRV), adenovirus (ADV), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) as protective factors against MP epidemics (p < 0.01); meanwhile, older age, the cancellation of NPIs, and summer-autumn seasons were found to be risk factors. After adjusting for sex, age, period, season, and pathogens, InfB (OR: 3.009, 95%CI: 1.041-8.697, p = 0.042), HPIV (OR: 2.226, 95%CI: 1.170-4.235, p = 0.015), and ADV (OR: 2.035, 95%CI: 1.105-3.750, p = 0.023) were identified as independent risk factors for SMPP. Conclusions: These findings highlight post-NPI shifts in MP epidemiology and identify ADV, InfB, and HPIV as early warning markers for SMPP.

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ADV、乙型流感和HPIV的联合检测：与npi变化相关的SMPP的独立危险因素。

背景：研究急性呼吸道感染（ARTIs）患儿肺炎支原体（Mycoplasma pneumoniae， MP）的流行病学，探讨儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎（SMPP）的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2021年9月至2024年11月对36380例急性呼吸道感染患儿进行9种呼吸道病原体多重实时聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测的资料。结果：共有36380名ARTIs患儿纳入本研究。MP与其他病原体的共检出率在npi后明显高于npi期间（36.5% vs. 25.7%, p < 0.01）。多因素回归分析表明，甲型流感病毒（InfA）、乙型流感病毒（InfB）、人副流感病毒（HPIV）、人波卡帕沃病毒（HBoV）、人鼻病毒（HRV）、腺病毒（ADV）、人呼吸道合胞病毒（HRSV）和人偏肺病毒（HMPV）的检测是预防MP流行的保护因素（p < 0.01）；同时，年龄、npi取消和夏秋季节被发现是危险因素。在调整性别、年龄、时期、季节和病原体后，inb （OR: 3.009, 95%CI: 1.041 ~ 8.697, p = 0.042）、HPIV （OR: 2.226, 95%CI: 1.170 ~ 4.235, p = 0.015）和ADV （OR: 2.035, 95%CI: 1.105 ~ 3.750, p = 0.023）被确定为SMPP的独立危险因素。结论：这些发现突出了新疫苗接种后MP流行病学的变化，并确定ADV、InfB和HPIV是SMPP的早期预警标志。

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来源期刊

Viruses-Basel VIROLOGY-

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

12.80%

发文量

2445

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915) is an open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies of viruses. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications, conference reports and short notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. We also encourage the publication of timely reviews and commentaries on topics of interest to the virology community and feature highlights from the virology literature in the ''News and Views'' section. Electronic files or software regarding the full details of the calculation and experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material.