European Geriatric Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Rethinking frailty and intrinsic capacity in medical education in Europe through an EAMA student collaboration.","authors":"Emil Lundgren, Christine Serratrice, Florent Guerville, Martin Aasbrenn, Neus Gual, Jesus Mateos-Nozal, Rebecca Winter, Teemu Kipinoinen, Adam Gordon, Siri Rostoft, Stefan Grund, Maaike L De Roo","doi":"10.1007/s41999-026-01522-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-026-01522-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate how intrinsic capacity, functional ability, and frailty are integrated into European undergraduate medical curricula and to develop an educational tool to address identified gaps.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-phase approach was adopted. Phase 1 involved an exploratory survey of 19 universities across 10 European countries to assess whether these concepts were included in curricula, how they were taught, and the allocated teaching hours. Phase 2 focused on creating and disseminating an interactive PDF for teachers and students. The tool was pilot-tested and translated into multiple languages, followed by a feedback survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Frailty appeared in learning outcomes in 89% of universities (median teaching hours: 2h; range 0-11h), functional ability in 83% (median 1.5h; range 0-5h), and intrinsic capacity in 28% (median 0h; range 0-8h). Teaching was predominantly lecture-based for frailty and functional ability, while intrinsic capacity was taught through both seminars and lectures. The interactive PDF was endorsed by EuGMS and received positive feedback from 71 respondents across 23 countries. 95.8% found it useful; 90% rated content and design as very good. Most planned to use it in undergraduate teaching (66%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intrinsic capacity is scarcely integrated into European medical curricula despite WHO priorities. Embedding this concept alongside frailty requires curriculum-level changes and accessible resources. The interactive PDF offers a practical, multilingual resource to bridge this gap. Broader dissemination and integration into curricula are essential to align education with WHO's Healthy Ageing goals and improve geriatric education and care.</p>","PeriodicalId":49287,"journal":{"name":"European Geriatric Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148686119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive screening for MCI in low-educated and illiterate older adults: comparative diagnostic accuracy of four instruments.","authors":"Deniz Cengiz, Ceyda Kayabaşı, Murat Pehlivan, Özge Özgün, Okan Turhan, Aybüke Uyar, İskender Arda Nacar, Mert Eşme, Cafer Balcı, Meltem Gülhan Halil, Mustafa Cankurtaran, Burcu Balam Doğu","doi":"10.1007/s41999-026-01573-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-026-01573-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cognitive assessment in older adults with low educational attainment presents a diagnostic limitation. Conventional instruments may show reduced accuracy in populations with limited literacy. Therefore, we aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of four cognitive screening instruments for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults with low education.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective study, adults aged ≥65 years with educational attainment at or below the primary school level were recruited from a geriatric outpatient clinic. Participants underwent assessment with the RUDAS, QMCI-TR, S-MMSE, and DemTect. MCI was diagnosed according to Petersen criteria by geriatricians blinded to cognitive screening test results. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 242 participants (mean age 74.0 ± 5.8 years; 62.0% female) were included, of whom 100 (41.3%) had MCI. RUDAS demonstrated comparatively better diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.740, 95% CI 0.666-0.798), with a cut-off value of ≤23 yielding 83.0% sensitivity and 73.2% specificity. QMCI-TR and S-MMSE showed lower discriminative performance (AUCs 0.666 and 0.631, respectively), while DemTect showed no significant discriminative value (AUC 0.464). RUDAS remained the strongest independent predictor of MCI in multivariable analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cognitive screening performance varied substantially across instruments in older adults with low educational backgrounds. While RUDAS showed the highest, albeit modest, diagnostic accuracy, other tools showed more limited or no diagnostic utility. Given that MCI represents a high-risk state for progression to dementia, these findings highlight the potential for misclassification, underscoring the need for appropriate test selection to improve early detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":49287,"journal":{"name":"European Geriatric Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different exercise types and intensities in older adults with sarcopenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Huang Jin-Hao, Ge Si-Yuan, Dong Lu, Xu Guo-Hui","doi":"10.1007/s41999-026-01570-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-026-01570-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Exercise is an important non-pharmacological strategy for the management of sarcopenia. However, the relative effects of different exercise modalities and dose parameters remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The analysis comprehensively evaluated the effects of different exercise interventions and prescription parameters on sarcopenia-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen randomized controlled trials involving 1,267 participants were included. Compared with routine control, moderate-intensity resistance training (MRT) showed the clearest improvement in handgrip strength (mean difference [MD] = 2.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76-3.98). It also ranked highly for skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and gait speed, but the related evidence remained uncertain. The findings for SMI were affected by local inconsistency. For gait speed, no intervention showed a significant advantage over routine control. Exploratory analyses suggested that training intensity, frequency, and intervention duration may jointly shape treatment responses across different outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MRT may be considered a reasonable option for improving handgrip strength in older adults with sarcopenia. However, the current evidence does not support identifying a single best exercise approach across all outcomes. Exercise prescription for sarcopenia should therefore be guided by the target outcome and clinical relevance.</p><p><strong>Registration number: </strong>CRD42024603850.</p>","PeriodicalId":49287,"journal":{"name":"European Geriatric Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frailty in older adults: detection and management in primary care. Fisterra clinical practice guideline.","authors":"Iñaki Martin-Lesende, Ana Gorroñogoitia-Iturbe, Nuria Goñi-Ruiz, Pedro Abizanda-Soler","doi":"10.1007/s41999-026-01541-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-026-01541-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To provide an evidence-based, practical framework for the detection and management of frailty in community-dwelling older adults in primary care.</p><p><strong>Finding: </strong>Active opportunistic case finding in individuals aged ≥ 70 years using simple performance-based tools enables early identification of frailty. Multicomponent interventions integrating physical exercise, nutritional support, medication optimisation and psychosocial strategies are effective in preventing or reversing frailty.</p><p><strong>Message: </strong>Systematic frailty management in primary care is feasible and should be based on early detection and personalised, multidimensional care plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":49287,"journal":{"name":"European Geriatric Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From memory clinics to Brain Health Services: implications for older adults and the future of cognitive care in Europe.","authors":"T J Welsh, Y Chen, S P Kennelly, T J Quinn, D Religa, S D Shenkin, P Soysal, H M Roitto","doi":"10.1007/s41999-026-01557-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-026-01557-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the implications of transitioning from traditional memory clinics to Brain Health Services (BHS) for older adults, and to advocate for a geriatric-informed, equitable, and function-oriented approach to brain health care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This perspective article draws on discussions within the EuGMS Brain Health and Dementia Specialist Interest Group and relevant literature to examine the implications of emerging Brain Health Services for older adults.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The emergence of Brain Health Services represents a significant shift in cognitive healthcare, moving beyond traditional memory clinic models focussed primarily on dementia diagnosis and management towards prevention, risk reduction, and maintenance of cognitive function. Potential benefits include earlier engagement with cognitive care, multidomain lifestyle interventions, reduction of stigma surrounding dementia, and facilitation of access to emerging disease-modifying therapies. However, substantial challenges remain. Biomarker-driven approaches may overemphasise Alzheimer's disease-centric frameworks despite the high prevalence of mixed pathologies and complex comorbidity in older adults. Ethical concerns surrounding risk disclosure, inequitable access, and resource allocation are also considerable, particularly if services disproportionately benefit younger, healthier, or socioeconomically advantaged populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Brain Health Services should be reframed through a gerontologically informed lens that prioritises function, independence, quality of life, and equitable access alongside prevention. Integration with comprehensive geriatric assessment and existing older persons' care pathways is essential. Future research should focus on pragmatic real-world evaluation, inclusive outcome measures, and personalised approaches that account for heterogeneity in ageing. Ultimately, the success of BHS will depend on their ability to support healthy ageing while remaining responsive to the lived realities and priorities of older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":49287,"journal":{"name":"European Geriatric Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Older patients' experiences of two exercise programmes in a geriatric ward: a qualitative study.","authors":"Linda Sandberg, Nathalie Frisendahl, Christina Sandlund, Anne-Marie Boström, Anna-Karin Welmer","doi":"10.1007/s41999-026-01569-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-026-01569-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Older adults hospitalised for acute illness are highly vulnerable to functional decline, often exacerbated by inactivity. Although exercise interventions may reduce this risk, uncertainty remains regarding how such programmes should be designed and tailored for frail patients. Embedded within the PREV_FUNC randomized controlled trial, this study explored older patients' experiences of two in-hospital exercise programmes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study was conducted at a geriatric hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Using an inductive approach within a constructivist paradigm, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 patients aged ≥ 75 years who had participated in either a comprehensive or a simple exercise programme. Data were analysed inductively using reflexive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One overarching theme emerged: Structured exercise disrupted inactivity and sparked hope for a turning point. This theme comprised four subthemes: Exercise awakens hope for improvement; Getting out of bed can be challenging; Overall confidence in structured exercise; and Support from the physiotherapist is crucial.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From the patients' perspective, the exercise programmes helped break periods of inactivity and fostered hope for recovery. These findings suggest that in-hospital exercise may support physical activity in geriatric wards, although individual adaptation and support remain essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":49287,"journal":{"name":"European Geriatric Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elective admissions and treatments in the final three months of life: a nationwide retrospective study of older adults.","authors":"Sofie Rutten, Joost W van den Berg, Rob D van der Mei, Bianca M Buurman, Hanna C Willems","doi":"10.1007/s41999-026-01560-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41999-026-01560-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Research on potentially inappropriate care at the end of life in older adults rarely distinguishes between acute and elective care. As elective care is plannable, it allows for timely deliberation on its appropriateness. This study aimed to explore elective hospital care and specific elective treatments in the final three months of life to identify areas warranting re-evaluation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide retrospective observational study was conducted using linked administrative data, including data from electronic patient records and health insurance claims from all secondary and tertiary hospitals across the Netherlands. Included were 104,544 older adults aged ≥ 65 who died between April and December 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the final three months of life, 41.7% of older adults received no hospital care, 14.5% received outpatient care only, 42.4% were admitted, and 15.9% were electively admitted. Some of the most frequent elective treatments were chemo- and/or immunotherapy (12,102), radiotherapy (13,924), dialysis (30,087), and cataract surgery (584). Treatments during elective admissions included gastrointestinal endoscopies (979), gastrointestinal tract organ resections (229), gastrointestinal-ostomy surgeries (228), exploratory laparotomies (177), heart valve surgeries (179), arterial interventions (coronary: 266; aorta/side branches: 147; peripheral: 786), hip surgeries (136), leg amputations (115), and artificial feeding procedures (683). A substantial proportion occurred in the final month of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elective hospital care is common in the final three months of life among older adults, with limited time to experience meaningful benefit. These findings highlight the need to reconsider the appropriateness of elective care at the end of life to better align care with patients' preferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":49287,"journal":{"name":"European Geriatric Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External validation of the Hip Fracture Prognosis Tool to predict the probability of gait recovery after hip fracture.","authors":"Cristina González de Villaumbrosia, Raquel Barba-Martín, Isaac Martín de Diego, Carmen Lancho-Martín, Marina Cuesta-Santa Teresa, Cristina Ojeda-Thies, Patricia Condorhuamán-Alvarado, Pilar Sáez-López","doi":"10.1007/s41999-026-01561-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-026-01561-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The Hip Fracture Prognosis (HF-Prognosis) Tool was developed using data from the Spanish National Hip Fracture Registry (SNHFR) to predict 30-day recovery of ambulation. Our study's aim was to externally validate the model in a later cohort (2021-2022) to ensure its continued predictive accuracy and clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the SNHFR, a multicenter, prospective registry. Patients aged ≥ 75 years admitted for fragility hip fracture with information on pre-fracture ambulation were included. The primary outcome was recovery of pre-fracture walking ability at 1 month. Predictors included age, pre-fracture ambulation, cognitive impairment, anesthetic risk, fracture type, surgical delay, early mobilization, weight-bearing authorization, pressure ulcers, and discharge destination. Logistic regression-based predictions were compared with observed outcomes. Model performance metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F1 score) and discrimination with the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC), estimated via bootstrap resampling were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>13,824 patients were included (age range 75-109 years, 77.2% female). Baseline characteristics were generally similar to the development cohort, though some variables showed higher missing data in the validation cohort. Consistent with the original cohort, 30-day recovery of ambulation was 67.9%. The model demonstrated stable performance (AUC 0.717, 95% CI 0.708-0.726), and predicted probabilities closely matched observed outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The HF-Prognosis Tool shows moderate predictive validity for 30-day recovery of ambulation after hip fracture using routinely collected variables. It is freely accessible online, providing clinicians with an evidence-based tool to inform clinical decision-making and discharge planning. Further validation in other national audits is recommended to confirm generalizability.</p>","PeriodicalId":49287,"journal":{"name":"European Geriatric Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Providing insight in resilience and recovery by using fatigability and its development over time in older adults after hip fracture surgery.","authors":"Jolijn Dijksterhuis, Marian Z M Hurmuz, Dieuwke van Dartel, Marloes Vermeer, René Melis, Johannes H Hegeman","doi":"10.1007/s41999-026-01514-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41999-026-01514-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Older hip fracture patients are often frail, complicating their recovery trajectories. Insight into patients' resilience may help in getting more understanding of their predicted recovery and adjusting their treatment plan accordingly. This study aims to assess if fatigability, calculated with the Capacity to Perceived Vitality ratio (CPV), at baseline and its development over time, can provide insight into recovery and resilience at hospital discharge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective cohort study, patients were included from March 2022 to February 2024. Growth modelling was used to test whether there was a change in CPV over time during hospitalization and which covariables were associated with CPV. Subsequently, two logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the role of CPV as a predictor of mobility at discharge (FAC score) and hospital complications (yes/no).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CPV did not significantly change over time (estimate = 0.99; 95%CI 0.90-1.10). At baseline, men had a factor 1.6 (p = 0.01) higher CPV than women and patients with a pre-fracture KATZ-ADL 6 score of 0 had a factor 2.1 (p = 0.003) higher CPV than patients with a pre-fracture KATZ-ADL 6 score of 2 or more. The logistic regression models showed that when the intercept of CPV increased, the odds of a dependent FAC score at discharge (p = 0.002) and of developing a complication (p = 0.037) decreased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CPV at baseline had predictive value for mobility at discharge and complications during hospitalization. Furthermore, there was no significant change in CPV over time, and the covariables gender and pre-fracture KATZ-ADL 6 mainly influenced the CPV at baseline.</p>","PeriodicalId":49287,"journal":{"name":"European Geriatric Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2211-2222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13562171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148158707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between physical function and type 2 diabetes risk in older adults: a longitudinal analysis from the KoGES-Anseong cohort.","authors":"Soomin Lee, DooYong Park, JinWon Rho, Jiwon Hong, Yeon Soo Kim","doi":"10.1007/s41999-026-01412-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41999-026-01412-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with functional decline in older adults, but whether baseline physical function predicts its incidence remains unclear. This study examined whether the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) predicts incident T2D in older Koreans, and whether resting heart rate (RHR) modifies this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 1,041 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 65 years (mean age = 72.2 years; 58.3% women) without T2D at baseline from the KoGES-Anseong cohort (2013-2020). SPPB scores were categorized as high (≥ 10) or low (< 10), and RHR was dichotomized at the median. Incident T2D was ascertained through fasting glucose, physician diagnosis, or diabetes medication. Cox proportional hazards models (adjusted for demographic, metabolic, and lifestyle factors) estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) over 5294 person-years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High SPPB scores were associated with a lower risk of T2D (HR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.25-0.94). This association was observed only in participants with elevated RHR (HR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.17-0.81), but not in those with lower RHR. Among individual SPPB domains, only lower-extremity strength showed a significant association with reduced T2D risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In older adults, superior physical function substantially reduces the risk of T2D, with lower-extremity strength as the primary contributor. Importantly, this benefit remains robust among individuals with elevated RHR, underscoring functional performance as a practical target for preventive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49287,"journal":{"name":"European Geriatric Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2123-2131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13562105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}