American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Moving Toward Anti-Ableist Practices in Aphasia Rehabilitation and Research: A Viewpoint.","authors":"Kristen Nunn, Victoria Tilton-Bolowsky, Ayelet M Kershenbaum","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00456","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Ableism is a pervasive set of beliefs that regard nondisabled bodies and minds as ideal and necessary to live a full life. Ableism manifests for people with aphasia as stigma and discrimination based on their language ability. We assert that ableism contributes to decreased quality of life for people with aphasia and should be actively challenged and disrupted by clinicians and researchers in the field.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We applied the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework (HSDF) to outline how stigma and discrimination are perpetuated against people with aphasia on the basis of language ability and their downstream health and social consequences. We presented this framework at the Clinical Aphasiology Conference in 2023 and share themes and challenges that arose from this discussion and from our ongoing learning.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Applying the HSDF to aphasia outlined potential sequelae of ableism. We identified preliminary foci of future initiatives aimed at challenging ableist beliefs and practices and means to monitor the effectiveness of such interventions. Furthermore, we draw attention to the seeming tension between anti-ableist practices and traditional language rehabilitation goals. We assert that this tension may be a catalyst for fruitful discourse on how clinicians and researchers can resist ableism while honoring the lived experiences of people with aphasia and their goals for language rehabilitation. These discussions may be facilitated by existing models in disability studies (e.g., the political/relational model).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clinicians and researchers are well positioned to challenge ableism and minimize the resultant health and social impacts for people living with aphasia. Anti-ableist practices are not antithetical to aphasia rehabilitation and can be thoughtfully integrated into rehabilitation practices and discourse.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Picturing Better Materials: Normative Data on a Novel Illustration Set for Scientific and Clinical Use.","authors":"Mackenzie E Fama, Erin L Meier","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00401","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Picture stimuli are essential materials for language research and clinical practice. Here, we generated a modern, full-color set of 310 illustrations representing a carefully designed, culturally sensitive list of imageable nouns. We normed the images in a diverse sample of healthy adults, so the images can be used in various populations, including older adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We recruited a diverse online sample of 200 adults ages 19-76 years. Participants typed a name for each picture and reported how familiar they were with the item (familiarity) and how well the illustration matched their mental image of the item (image agreement). We assessed relationships among these three measures, between these measures and word features (e.g., frequency, length), and between these measures and demographic characteristics of our sample.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred ninety-seven of 310 items had 70% or higher name agreement among participants. Most items had good to excellent image agreement and familiarity. The image measures showed expected relationships with relevant word features (e.g., frequency, length). Older age was associated with higher image agreement and familiarity but not written naming accuracy. As a group, Black participants demonstrated lower written naming accuracy than White and mixed race participants. Education, sex, and self-reported multilingualism were not significantly related to image measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We generated a novel set of illustrations with strong name agreement, familiarity, and image agreement, which are suitable for a variety of uses in research and clinical settings. Our normative data suggest a future need for item-level analysis to explore variability in performance across different racial groups.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26321926.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of Acquired Brain Injury as Expressed Through Mask-Making: A Qualitative Analysis.","authors":"Sarah Kaytlyn Gregory, Amy M Kemp","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00381","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Acquired brain injury (ABI) extends beyond the immediate aftermath, and understanding individual experience of ABI is paramount to providing effective support mechanisms. This study examined how people with ABI used mask-making to engage in self-expression.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Publicly available data from the Unmasking Brain Injury Project website, an advocacy group for people with ABI, were analyzed. A qualitative approach with hybrid inductive/deductive analysis was used to explore how people with ABI use art to express their emotional experiences of ABI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1,049 masks had narratives describing the visual components and meaning in the associated masks. Three major themes emerged: the multiplicity of experiences after ABI, including positive, negative, and mixed outcomes; the expression of emotional pain and living with loss through art; and the importance of positivity, purpose, and faith in the experience with ABI. <i>Multiplicity</i> was the central expression represented in the masks. The most commonly represented emotional experiences were: <i>emotional pain and living with loss</i> and <i>positivity, purpose,</i> and <i>faith</i>. The masks incorporated literal depictions of the ABI, visual metaphors, and intentional use of colors and shapes for self-expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results support previous findings that emotional experiences after ABI are complex and often interlaced with several emotions. The most prominent feelings include emotional pain and living with loss, and positivity, purpose, and faith. Mask-making may be a particularly appropriate method for people with ABI to process or express emotional experiences, as well as to provide clinicians with visual records of sense of self, coping, or progress.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adapting the Early Communication Indicator as a Social Communication Outcome Measure for Young Autistic Children: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Sallie Nowell, Jessica R Steinbrenner, Anna Wallisch, Brenda Salley, Jamie McGovern, Sarah McGauley, Linda R Watson, Dwight Irvin, Jay Buzhardt, Brian Boyd","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00004","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We sought to conduct a pilot investigation of the reliability and administration fidelity of a new play-based measure of social communication for infants and toddlers with an autism diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Our team adapted an existing measure, the Early Communication Indicator (ECI), for use with young autistic children in clinical and research contexts. In this brief report, we detail our adaptation process including administration and scoring of the final adapted measure based on data from a two-phase pilot study with young autistic children (<i>N</i> = 17).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This adapted measure, the Early Communication Indicator-Autism (ECI-A), captured a range of scores for the ECI, Initiation of Joint Attention, and Directed Communication in pilot testing. Interrater reliability was moderate to strong across the scored behaviors. Finally, parents were able to administer the ECI-A with high fidelity with support from the research staff.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This two-phase pilot study demonstrated promise for the ECI-A as a brief measure of social communication that can be administered by parents and reliably scored by trained staff with limited background in autism assessments. Validation of the ECI-A is presently underway.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26042077.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing the Framework for RigOr aNd Transparency In REseaRch on Swallowing (FRONTIERS): An Editorial.","authors":"Anna Miles, Julie Regan","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00352","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is an editorial introducing the Framework for RigOr aNd Transparency In REseaRch on Swallowing (FRONTIERS) forum.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Poststroke Dysphagia and Poststroke Depression and Its Risk Factors.","authors":"Janet Horn, Kit N Simpson, Annie N Simpson, Leonardo F Bonilha, Heather S Bonilha","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00264","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>A diagnosis of dysphagia and/or depression after stroke can impact the physical, psychological, and social welfare of stroke survivors. Although poststroke depression (PSD) and poststroke dysphagia are known to occur concurrently, there is a paucity of research that has specifically investigated their association. Therefore, we aimed to study the relationship between PSD and poststroke dysphagia during acute inpatient hospitalization and within 90 days after discharge. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the odds and hazard of being diagnosed with depression after stroke and estimate the time to depression diagnosis from the initial stroke diagnosis in patients with and without a diagnosis of dysphagia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using the acute inpatient hospital data set from our previous work, we pulled additional postdischarge administrative claims data from the 2017 Medicare 5% Limited Data Set and conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with poststroke dysphagia and PSD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients diagnosed with poststroke dysphagia had 2.7 higher odds of being diagnosed with PSD and had an approximately 1.75-fold higher hazard for PSD diagnosis in the 90 days after discharge compared to patients not diagnosed with dysphagia. Risk factors for PSD included having dysphagia, being female, and having dual eligibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results demonstrated a significant association between PSD and poststroke dysphagia. Additional research should further explore the impact of PSD on poststroke dysphagia.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Studies: A Proposed Checklist.","authors":"Pooja Gandhi, Renata Mancopes, Catriona M Steele","doi":"10.1044/2023_AJSLP-22-00167","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2023_AJSLP-22-00167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) is used widely in dysphagia research. However, variations exist in the conduct and interpretation of VFSS, including differences in contrast agents, food and fluid consistencies tested, patient positioning, intervention strategies trialed, fluoroscopy settings, resolution, and image storage solutions. It cannot be assumed that VFSS exams yield directly comparable results across different studies. It is essential that relevant elements of VFSS be clearly reported in research. The goal of this article is to outline optimal VFSS reporting as part of the Framework for RigOr aNd Transparency In REseaRch on Swallowing (FRONTIERS), a critical appraisal tool intended to promote rigor and transparency in dysphagia research.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We developed a set of 27 questions regarding the rigor and transparency of VFSS reporting, based on review of previous research articles. These were reviewed by all members of the FRONTIERS Framework collaborative, to determine which questions were mandatory, unnecessary, or needed revision, prior to inclusion in the final critical appraisal tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final FRONTIERS Framework tool contains 20 questions and seven subquestions regarding VFSS. These are grouped into four themes: patient/participant positioning, equipment and recording settings, contrast agents, and rating methods, including operational definitions and reliability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The VFSS section of the FRONTIERS Framework tool is intended to facilitate and promote rigorous and transparent reporting of all elements that may influence the interpretation of VFSS in research. This critical appraisal tool can also be used to guide research design and the evaluation of study outcomes contributing to best practices in the field of dysphagia research.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech Intelligibility Outcomes Associated With Treatment for Acquired Apraxia of Speech: Magnitude of Change and Stability of Measurement.","authors":"Shannon C Mauszycki,Lisa D Bunker,Dallin J Bailey,Julie L Wambaugh","doi":"10.1044/2024_ajslp-24-00104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_ajslp-24-00104","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEThe purpose of this investigation was to examine single-word speech intelligibility outcomes following sound production treatment in a group of 22 speakers with chronic acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) and aphasia. Also, the stability of repeated posttreatment intelligibility measures was examined for two scoring methods.METHODThe Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech was administered twice to each participant at pretreatment and twice at 8 weeks posttreatment. The test-retest reliability of the pretreatment samples was evaluated in a prior study; repeated samples were found to be stable over sampling times. For the current study, the three expert listeners who had rated the pretreatment samples scored the posttreatment samples using transcription and multiple-choice scoring formats. An additional expert listener, blinded to sampling time, scored pre- and posttreatment samples.RESULTSThe posttreatment samples were found to be stable over sampling times for the group. Posttreatment intelligibility scores were statistically significantly higher than the pretreatment scores for both scoring methods (i.e., increases of 9%-10%). Scores derived from the two scoring methods were strongly, positively correlated, with multiple-choice scores being significantly higher than transcription. The scoring methods did not differ significantly in the amount of change found from pre- to posttreatment. There were no statistically significant correlations between AOS severity and changes in pre- to posttreatment intelligibility scores. Performance for most participants was similar to group performance.CONCLUSIONSStability of posttreatment intelligibility samples supports use of intelligibility scores as outcome measures. This group of speakers demonstrated statistically significant increases in single-word speech intelligibility following sound production treatment.SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26972425.","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Dysphagia Treatment: Adoption, Perceived Barriers, and Clinical Practices.","authors":"Soud Ebdah,Jeff Searl","doi":"10.1044/2024_ajslp-24-00175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_ajslp-24-00175","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEThis study aims to learn about the global adoption of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in managing dysphagia, identify the barriers to its adoption, and describe the existing clinical practices.METHODA total of 171 professionals from various international backgrounds initiated a specially developed online survey, and 122 responses were included in the final analysis. The survey consisted of 44 items related to NMES usage, perceived adoption barriers of NMES in dysphagia management, and clinical practices. The data were subjected to descriptive and correlational statistical analysis.RESULTSNMES is adopted by 50% of the participants' workplaces when considering responses globally and 42.7% in the United States. Most respondents reported both high self-assessed knowledge level and high interest in learning about NMES. Among the 21 posed barriers to NMES adoption, 19 were agreed upon by over 50% of participants, with the most reported being insufficient academic coverage, lack of expert endorsement, and heterogeneity in stimulation parameters. There was considerable diversity in the clinical application of NMES, particularly regarding the duration, frequency, and total number of sessions typically completed when using NMES.CONCLUSIONSNMES is adopted by half of the facilities and utilized by one third of dysphagia practitioners among the international respondents to this survey. The high interest expressed in NMES parallels the increasing volume of related research. Nonetheless, the widespread recognition of barriers and the substantial variability in clinical application underscore the need for international efforts to establish standardized protocols or guidelines, ensuring its effective and consistent use in clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Motivation for Voice Therapy Increases After Stimulability Testing: Validation of a Voice Therapy Motivation and Voice Perception Inventory.","authors":"Laura E Toles,Melanie Turner,Amy L Harris","doi":"10.1044/2024_ajslp-24-00058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_ajslp-24-00058","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEMeasuring patient motivation for voice therapy is an important component of determining prognosis and estimating compliance. Voice stimulability testing is assumed to influence the patient's motivation by improving their perception of the sound and/or feel of the voice. The purpose of this study was to validate a Voice Therapy Motivation and Voice Perception Inventory and to determine whether stimulability testing elicits improvements in motivation and patient-perceived voice status.METHODSeventy-five patients who underwent initial voice therapy evaluation completed a four-item inventory that queried their commitment to voice therapy, confidence that they could change their voice through voice therapy, perception of their voice severity, and ratings of their vocal effort. Inventories were completed shortly before and after stimulability testing. A psychometric analysis of the survey was conducted, including the internal consistency of each construct of the inventory along with content, predictive, and concurrent validity. Paired-samples statistical analyses were conducted to determine differences before and after stimulability testing, and Spearman correlations between voice and motivation ratings were conducted to determine relationships between the patient's perception of their voice and their motivation for voice therapy.RESULTSInternal consistency reliability was acceptable to good for each construct, particularly after stimulability testing. Motivation scales were predictive of returning for voice therapy sessions, subjective improvement of voice by the first therapy session, and likelihood of the patient practicing the home practice program. Patient ratings of voice severity and effort were positively correlated with clinician ratings of overall severity. Motivation and voice impairment perception improved following stimulability testing. Reduction in vocal effort was related to improved motivation, but change in voice severity was not.CONCLUSIONSVoice stimulability testing can influence patient motivation for voice therapy and patient-perceived voice improvements. It should be considered a critical part of the voice evaluation.","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}