American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Features of Swallowing Function in Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis: Preliminary Evidence Using Well-Tested Assessment Frameworks.","authors":"Kevin Renz Ambrocio, Rohit Aggarwal, David Lacomis, Xingyu Zhang, Kendrea L Focht Garand","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00061","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Evidence surrounding swallowing impairment in sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) is based on nonstandardized and nonvalidated assessment methods. We investigated (a) IBM's impact on swallowing function and oral intake status using well-tested assessment frameworks; (b) changes in swallowing over time; and (c) age, sex, and swallowing impairment severity's influence on oral intake status.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a secondary analysis of Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP) and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) data from 13 patients with IBM (seven females; <i>M</i>_age = 60.2 [±13.6] years) and 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We compared MBSImP Overall Impression (OI), Oral Total (OT), Pharyngeal Total (PT), and FOIS scores between groups. Specific to the IBM cohort, we analyzed repeated OT and PT scores and calculated whether age, sex, and OT and PT scores predicted FOIS scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IBM cohort demonstrated poorer OI scores across six swallowing components than healthy controls (each <i>p</i> < .05). Unlike OT scores (<i>p</i> = .84), PT (<i>p</i> = .033) and FOIS (<i>p</i> < .001) scores were worse in the IBM cohort. Repeated OI scores revealed changes in three swallowing components (each <i>p</i> < .05), but repeated OT (<i>p</i> = .16) and PT (<i>p</i> = .30) scores did not significantly change. Age, sex, and OT and PT scores did not influence FOIS scores (each <i>p</i> > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pharyngeal impairments were most prominent in the IBM cohort, and their oral intake status was adversely affected. Our preliminary data showcase the application of robust assessment methods to investigate swallowing function in IBM, enhancing standardization and comparability across studies.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27165450.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2793-2804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of the Kaufman Speech to Language Protocol for Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech and Comorbidities When Delivered in a Dyadic and Group Format.","authors":"Aravind K Namasivayam, Karina Cheung, Bavika Atputhajeyam, Julia Petrosov, Miriam Branham, Vikas Grover, Pascal van Lieshout","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00098","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The current study is a Phase I clinical study with the goal of determining feasibility and the effectiveness of the Kaufman Speech to Language Protocol (K-SLP) for children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and comorbidities. We hypothesized that K-SLP intervention would result in improved outcomes and maintenance of treatment effect at 3-4 months postintervention.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Single-subject experimental design with multiple baselines across behaviors was replicated across a group of six children. Five out of six participants completed the study. The K-SLP intervention was administered in dyads four times a week for three consecutive weeks. Outcomes included assessment of word/syllable shapes, articulation accuracy, speech intelligibility, and functional communication. Treatment progress was measured through: (a) the administration of custom probe word lists and (b) assessments carried out at pretreatment, immediately following intervention and approximately 3-4 months after the study period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four out of five participants demonstrated significant improvements to words targeted in treatment and three out of five generalized these to untreated words. Furthermore, three out of five participants showed immediate and clinically significant posttreatment improvements in speech intelligibility and functional outcomes, and this increased to four out of five participants at 3-4 months follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study provides preliminary support for the effectiveness of the K-SLP program when delivered in dyads to children with CAS with comorbidities. The study replicates earlier findings and reaffirms the positive outcomes of K-SLP for children with CAS.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2904-2920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Changes Toward Reflective Practice: Documented Shifts in Speech-Language Pathologists' Evaluation Practices.","authors":"Giselle Núñez, Molly Buren, Tara Bailey, Catherine Crowley","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00172","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This qualitative study explored the experiences of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in professional learning communities (PLCs) during a year-long virtual professional development (PD) opportunity using an implementation science (IS) framework in an urban public school district for dynamic assessment (DA) training. The DA presented in the PD was modified based on ongoing discussions with key stakeholders in the district, so that it could be reasonably implemented in clinical practice while preserving the integrity of the DA's purpose.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>SLPs in an urban district were trained virtually using DA over the course of the school year. PD topics focused on decreasing bias and incorporating evidence-based practice into SLP approaches to speech-language evaluations. The SLPs underwent three training sessions and three separate PLC sessions. The SLPs were assigned a series of case studies to complement PLC sessions. An IS framework informed each step of the PD and PLCs to ensure applicability and integration of the content. Of the 366 SLPs working in the district, 209 consented and filled out two questionnaires and three exit slips to gather information on their experiences with the DAs and PLC models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SLPs reported new insights into their practice, including changes in assessment practices, awareness of bias in assessment practices, and increased confidence in working with families during the evaluation process. Two additional themes emerged: increased collaboration and enhanced group problem-solving skills when working with peers in PLC groups, and expanded proficiencies and heightened skills when applying DA practices to evaluations. The two challenges faced by SLPs included time constraints and confidence in the mastery of DA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study offers an approach to shifting evaluation practices in large districts to incorporate more evidence-based approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2921-2938"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scoping Review on the Intersection Between Voice and Swallowing Measures in Healthy and Disordered Populations.","authors":"Amna S Mira, Lindsey J Goldsberry, Melissa J Previtera, Amanda K Simmons, Victoria S McKenna","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00025","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Voice and swallowing are distinct functions that share anatomical and physiological properties; however, research investigating their intersection is limited. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the literature surrounding the relationship between voice and swallowing measures in healthy adults and those with non-degenerative disorders. Specifically, we aimed to elucidate whether objective voice measures could be used as correlates of swallowing function.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We systematically searched four databases (Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science) for relevant literature using a combination of key words and controlled vocabulary generated from the Yale Mesh Analyzer. The inclusion criteria consisted of peer-reviewed studies in the English language that reported on healthy adults and/or patients with non-degenerative neurological disorders and pulmonary diseases and contained instrumental and/or objective voice and swallowing measures. Two raters completed the abstract screening process followed by independent full-text reviews. Case studies, review studies, gray literature, or abstract-only studies were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 5,485 screened studies, 182 were fully reviewed, with only 11 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Eight studies found an association between voice and swallowing objective measures, whereas the other three did not. Significant voice measures that were related to swallowing safety and/or physiology included maximum fundamental frequency (<i>F</i>0), <i>F</i>0 range, maximum phonation time, biomechanics of effortful pitch glides, and voice onset time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although there was heterogeneity in the measures used, specific objective voice measures showed promise in clinical practice as a screening tool for dysphagia. Further investigations are needed to validate the clinical utility of these measures across diverse patient populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3082-3099"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142086389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximizing the \"Functional\" in the Functional External Memory Aid Tool for Patient-Centered Treatment Planning in Mild Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"Alyssa M Lanzi, Julia L Mendez, Megan Tobin, Melissa A Johnson","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00110","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The Functional External Memory Aid Tool (FEMAT) is an 11-item performance-based measure that simulates everyday tasks (e.g., medication management) to measure one's use of compensation (e.g., pill organizer). The FEMAT is not a norm-referenced diagnostic tool; rather, it is designed to provide clinicians with information about a patient's function and compensation in a standardized format. To provide further evidence for validity of the FEMAT, the purpose of this study was to conduct a mixed-methods analysis of FEMAT responses to operationalize the types of behaviors elicited during test administration.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We adopted an embedded single-case study design to analyze the FEMAT administrations of 12 community-dwelling female participants, ages 73-90 years, who met criteria for mild cognitive impairment. These participants were part of the original validation sample during which they completed the FEMAT (Version 1.0) in a single session with an assessor. Sessions were video-recorded and transcribed. We analyzed the data qualitatively in two phases using theme and subtheme codes and then quantitatively analyzed the data for response trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our thematic analysis revealed four themes to operationalize participants' verbal and behavioral FEMAT responses: (a) used an external memory aid (EMA), (b) described using a strategy, (c) discussed memory and comprehension, and (d) discussed functional information. While completing the FEMAT, most participants described using a strategy (85%) and discussed their self-perceived memory and comprehension (33%). Several subthemes also emerged within each theme (e.g., self-perceived memory strengths and barrier).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our analysis suggests that beyond a 4-point item score, the FEMAT elicits behavioral (e.g., used an EMA) and verbal (e.g., discussion of health information) content that may be useful for person-centered treatment planning. This study is part of a comprehensive research agenda establishing the evidence for the validity of the FEMAT to support its use to inform person-centered treatment approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3026-3039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Student Stories: Understanding Microaggressions and Interpersonal Conflict Within Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences Training Programs.","authors":"Mariam M Abdelaziz, Jean F Rivera Pérez","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00209","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The current study revisits our previous research, delving deeper into microaggressions (MAs) and interpersonal conflict (IC) in speech, language, and hearing sciences (SLHS) training programs. Participants came from both marginalized and nonmarginalized backgrounds.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A 39-item electronic survey based on our previous research was distributed online to 236 participants of current and former SLHS students through social media and e-mail listservs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Students that identified as belonging to marginalized and nonmarginalized groups reported high levels of MAs and IC, respectively. Linear regression revealed that the more marginalized identities a participant reported, the more aggression they experienced. Analyses also suggest that specific cultural and linguistic identities more likely predicted experiencing specific types of MAs than others. MAs and IC were largely underreported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the quantifiable prevalence of MAs and IC in SLHS training programs. It underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to address systemic inequities. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of fostering an inclusive and equitable environment in SLHS, promoting cultural competence, and social justice in the professions.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27105613.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2871-2888"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication, Socialization, and Literacy for Adults With Developmental Disabilities: An Interview Study of Parents' Perspectives and Experiences.","authors":"Sojung Kim, Hee-Tae Jung, Sunjung Kim Thao","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00177","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study highlights the significance of continuous support and services in communication, socialization, and literacy skills for adults with developmental disabilities (DDs). The aim of the study was to gather in-depth information on the individualized needs, lived experiences, and expectations of adults with DD by interviewing their parents.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 14 parents of adults with DD participated in one-on-one semistructured interviews. During the interviews, parents were asked to describe (a) their children's current communication, socialization, reading and writing skills; (b) the types of communication, socialization, and literacy support their children were receiving; and (c) the types of support that their children needed. Interviews were video- and audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thematic analysis revealed three main themes and eight subthemes: (1) insufficient support and services for adults with DD (i.e., lack of competent professionals and lack of literacy support), (2) approaches that the parents attempted for their children with DD (i.e., parents' responsibilities, technologies, and pseudoscience), and (3) recommendations for ongoing support and services (i.e., novel technologies, social media, and motivation).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights crucial gaps between the participating parents' desire for individualized, consistent, and innovative support and services for their adult children with DD and scarcity of resources in communication, socialization, and literacy. The dearth of evidence-based support and resources leads to easy access to pseudoscience. Future research is warranted to develop innovative, customized, and highly motivating programs in communication, socialization, and literacy for adults with DD.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27214407.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3051-3068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Functional Reading Activities to Motivate and Empower for Autistic Young Adults: A Single-Case Design Study.","authors":"Alison Prahl","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00425","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Functional Reading Activities to Motivate and Empower (FRAME) on use of reading comprehension strategies in intellectually and/or developmentally disabled young adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A single-case, multiple-probe design across functional literacy stimuli (e.g., text messages, e-mails) was replicated across three intellectually or developmentally disabled 23- to 26-year-old young adults, all of whom had a primary diagnosis of autism. Within FRAME, reading comprehension strategies were taught and practiced within the context of functional texts or activities of daily living that involve written language (e.g., text messages, e-mails). Each session followed the teach-model-coach-review approach and was conducted via telepractice. Participants' use of reading comprehension strategies was measured in baseline, intervention, maintenance, and with generalization probes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Visual analysis of the data indicated a functional relation between FRAME and the use of reading comprehension strategies for two of the three autistic young adults. All participants maintained increased use of reading comprehension strategies post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides preliminary evidence that FRAME is associated with improved use of reading comprehension strategies that maintains over time. Thus, FRAME has the potential to support continued improvement of functional reading skills throughout the lifespan, which is critical as autistic individuals make the transition from adolescence to adult life. Further research is needed to evaluate the effects of the intervention on more distal outcomes of written language and to examine how to best tailor the intervention to individual differences to optimize outcomes.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26882422.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2805-2822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Linguistic and Multicultural Considerations in Evaluating Bilingual Adults With Aphasia.","authors":"Jee Eun Sung, Michael Scimeca, Ran Li, Swathi Kiran","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00496","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The current study delineated a clinical and theoretical framework that clinicians and researchers can use to guide the assessment of bilingual aphasia at morphosyntactic, lexical-semantic, and phonological levels of language processing.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This tutorial outlines cross-linguistic and multicultural considerations that should be addressed in evaluating bilingual adults with aphasia (BWAs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the morphosyntactic level, we presented three features that should be taken into account when evaluating linguistic symptoms in languages considering whether they are typologically similar or dissimilar: word order, pro(noun)-drop, and morphological inflections of verbs. We suggest that clinicians need to conduct additional error analyses that reflect typological differences in syntactic templates, argument-deletion phenomena, and morphological inflections to better understand linguistic characteristics of impairments arising from the interactions of the two languages that may differ in many ways. At the lexical-semantic level, we addressed three cross-linguistic features that may impact naming performance in BWAs: cognates, lexical frequency, and semantic typicality. The presence of cognates between the two languages can lead to differential interpretations of naming performance. In addition, the same lexical items may exhibit varying lexical frequency and typicality across languages due to cultural and linguistic differences. We suggest that clinicians should thoroughly prepare the testing items considering the linguistic distance. Finally, we emphasized differences in segmental and suprasegmental features of phonology that could contribute to cross-linguistic phenomena during assessment of two or more languages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This cross-linguistic assessment framework contributes to a better understanding of linguistic impairments and communication difficulties experienced by BWAs. This framework can be utilized in current clinical practice to facilitate culturally and linguistically appropriate assessment and treatment approaches for BWAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2716-2731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142086390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When No Speech Norms Exist: Observations From Sinhala.","authors":"Shyamani Hettiarachchi, Mahishi Ranaweera, Shakeela Saleem, Kanagendran Krishnaveni","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00359","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>A well-established set of language-specific norms for phonological development is imperative in the assessment of child speech sound difficulties. Currently, English norms are used clinically (in the absence of norms for local languages) to determine if a child displays age-appropriate, delayed or disordered speech patterns in Sinhala. This preliminary exploratory study aimed to document phonological processes observed in typically developing Sinhala-speaking children aged 3;0-6;11 (years;months).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The Test of Articulation and Phonology-Sinhala, a picture-based assessment, was devised by the researchers and administered to 102 Sinhala-speaking children from three geographical locations (Colombo, Kandy, and Gampaha). The quantitative measures included percent consonants correct, percent vowels correct, and percent phonemes correct, while the qualitative analysis identified phonological processes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The quantitative results showed a marked influence of age on phoneme production accuracy with over 75% consonants correct by 3 years 6 months. The qualitative findings demonstrate common typical phonological processes and less common phonological processes in Sinhala compared to the speech pathology and cross-linguistic literature. Common phonological processes included fronting, stopping, and weak syllable deletion widely documented in linguistic and speech-language pathology literature. Many shared phonological processes were observed between Sinhala and Sri Lankan Tamil, the two main local languages, including fronting of retroflex sounds and lateralization. The phonological process of denasalization of prenasalized stops was observed in Sinhala, with no documentation of the phonological process found within the mainstream speech-language pathology literature.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and implications: </strong>These findings reinforce the need to document and use language-specific typical phonological processes in Sinhala given the implications for early and accurate identification of speech difficulties and intervention.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27068173.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2767-2792"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}