American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Comparing Self-Efficacy, Self-Compassion, and Growth Mindset Among Adults With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Danielle H Girard, Leah L Kapa, Kristen Ackley","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00327","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We investigated whether performance on predictors of academic achievement, namely, self-efficacy, self-compassion, and growth mindset, differ between adults, primarily college students, with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their peers without TBI history.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eighty-nine respondents anonymously completed an online survey that included demographic questions and three predictive measures of academic achievement: the New General Self-Efficacy Scale (NGSE), the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF), and the Growth Mindset Scale. An additional 12 participants with TBI from a previous study (Ackley, 2022) were included in our data analyses, which compared results between participants with and without a TBI history.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the group level, respondents with a TBI history demonstrated a significantly higher growth mindset than uninjured peers. An age- and gender-matched comparison of a smaller subsample of college student participants confirmed the group difference on growth mindset and revealed higher self-efficacy scores among the student group with a TBI history.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As a group, individuals with TBI did not demonstrate significant differences on self-efficacy and self-compassion measures relative to uninjured peers and also demonstrated higher growth mindset. Thus, evidence does not support the assumption that these are areas of deficit for individuals with TBI history, which suggests that the NGSE, the SCS-SF, and the Growth Mindset Scale are not meaningful ways of measuring progress during cognitive-linguistic treatment in college students who have sustained TBIs unless an individual demonstrates specific deficits in these areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2025-2039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Executive Function Performance Predict Treatment Response in Preschoolers With Developmental Language Disorder?","authors":"Leah L Kapa","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00396","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The goal of the current study was to examine whether executive function scores predicted response to conversational recast treatment among preschoolers with developmental language disorder (DLD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Forty-nine preschoolers with DLD who received Enhanced Conversational Recast treatment were included in the analyses. Their response to treatment was indexed by the effect size of their accurate production of a targeted morpheme following treatment relative to their production of the morpheme prior to treatment. Stepwise regression analyses determined whether treatment response was predicted by their standardized language scores and/or by their scores on four executive function tasks that measured selective sustained attention, working memory, inhibition, and attention shifting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the potential predictors included in the model, only Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS), which is a measure of attention shifting, was a significant predictor. DCCS scores were positively predictive of treatment outcomes and accounted for 20% of variance in treatment effect among participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In addition to considering a child's language abilities when selecting language treatments, clinicians may also take into account their executive function abilities, as children with DLD who had higher DCCS scores tended to have larger positive treatment responses to Enhanced Conversational Recasting. These findings highlight the multifaceted nature of the skills needed for children to succeed in language treatments and provide guidance for selecting treatments that are most appropriate for individual children given their profile of strengths and limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2040-2052"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12270835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rephrasing Messages on Demand: Effects on Speech Production in Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Annalise R Fletcher, Alan A Wisler, Samantha Budge, Brian Nalley, Stephanie A Borrie","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00343","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>When faced with challenging communicative situations, people with dysarthria are commonly advised to rephrase their message, using common words and keeping sentences short and manageable. However, it remains unclear whether relevant clinical populations can implement these changes on demand. The goals of this study were to (a) identify lexical changes that occur when speakers are prompted to rephrase sentences and (b) examine how rephrasing messages affects acoustic measures of speech production and listener perceptual ratings.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Speech samples were collected from 11 speakers with Parkinson's disease and 11 age-matched adults. In a baseline condition, speakers read 29 sentences from the Natural Stories Corpus. Following this, speakers received verbal instructions on how to rephrase statements and were prompted to make each sentence easier to understand (rephrasing condition). Transcripts from both conditions were analyzed to measure lexical diversity and sophistication. Sentence-level measures of average sound pressure level, pitch variability, speech rate, pause duration, and listener ratings of ease of understanding were also investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both speaker groups were able to significantly reduce the lexical diversity and sophistication of sentences following a brief educational protocol. However, rephrased speech stimuli were not judged as easier to understand. Acoustically, rephrased stimuli were associated with greater pause durations and a reduction in average speech intensity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Speakers, both with and without a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, can simplify their language when prompted to do so. However, it is possible that the cognitive demands associated with rephrasing language could interfere with the clarity of speech production.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2170-2188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12270839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Self-Awareness in Chronic Moderate-Severe Acquired Brain Injury: The Social Cognitive Communication Intervention Combined With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation.","authors":"Eva Pettemeridou, Kalia Lofitou, Ioulia Solomou, Marina Charalambous, Melanie Ioannou, Andria Lori, Savvas S Papacostas, Marios Pantzaris, Fofi Constantinidou","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00326","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an integrated rehabilitation intervention combining the social cognitive-communication (SocCom) training with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for individuals with chronic moderate-severe acquired brain injury (MS-ABI), focusing on enhancing self-awareness and executive functions in an outpatient setting.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty-five individuals with MS-ABI (<i>M</i>_age = 39.64, <i>SD</i> = 14.78; <i>Mdn</i>_{timesinceinjury} = 6.00 years). Participants were randomly assigned to either the combined intervention (<i>n</i> = 12) or the SocCom group (<i>n</i> = 13). The intervention was delivered over an 11-week period. A comprehensive neuropsychological and psychosocial assessment, along with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), were conducted pre and post intervention implementation to assess its impact on self-awareness, executive functions, and quality of life. Nonparametric tests were conducted to examine within- and between-group differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants of both groups showed significant within-group improvements (<i>p</i> < .05) in memory, executive functions, semantic knowledge, and quality of life, demonstrating the interventions' broad impact. Furthermore, neurophysiological changes measured via the fNIRS indicated significant brain function alterations (<i>p</i> < .05) in the combined intervention group, suggesting a synergistic effect of SocCom and tDCS. Between-groups comparisons revealed superior improvements in the combined intervention group in tasks requiring visual memory, executive function, and processing speed, underscoring the added value of tDCS in cognitive rehabilitation outcomes for individuals with chronic MS-ABI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The integrated SocCom and tDCS intervention offers a promising strategy for enhancing cognitive and psychosocial outcomes in individuals with chronic MS-ABI, suggesting a valuable addition to existing rehabilitation efforts and supporting a more personalized, holistic approach to recovery.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.29385503.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2228-2243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Respiratory Lung Volume Training on Speech Breathing, Voice, and Vocal Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Soren Y Lowell, Richard T Kelley, Hannah Edwards, Anya Freedman-Doan, Lisandra Pereyra Maldonado, Mariela Mercado, Joanne Thai, Raymond H Colton","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-25-00009","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-25-00009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the short- and long-term effects of Respiratory Lung Volume Training (RLVT) on speech breathing and voice in people with primary muscle tension dysphonia (pMTD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty-four participants with pMTD were randomized to either RLVT or control training (ConT) and completed six 1-hr training sessions. Increased lung volume initiations and terminations were targeted in RLVT using real-time visual biofeedback of lung volumes, whereas the ConT condition implemented a sham Expiratory Muscle Strength Trainer (placebo). Respiratory inductive plethysmography was used to measure speaking lung volumes before and after training. Voice and vocal function outcomes included acoustic measures, auditory-perceptual listener ratings, and self-ratings of speaking effort and impact of the voice disorder. Long-term follow-up assessments were completed for the RLVT condition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increases in lung volume initiation, termination, excursion, and amount of lung volume used per syllable were all significantly greater after RLVT than after ConT. All increases in respiratory outcome measures were maintained at 3 and 6 months posttraining except for lung volume excursion, which was significantly higher than baseline levels at 6 months but not 3 months posttraining. Acoustic and auditory-perceptual voice severity also showed significantly greater improvement after RLVT than after ConT with gains maintained for both follow-ups. Relative to vocal function, whereas speaking effort was significantly lower after RLVT than after ConT, both conditions produced similar and significant reductions in self-rated voice handicap. Improvements in these vocal function measures were maintained at long-term follow-up timepoints.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Speech breathing, voice, and speaking effort outcomes showed significantly greater improvement after RLVT than after ConT in this group of participants with pMTD, with improvement maintained at 6 months post-RLVT. The higher levels of lung volume targeted in RLVT may promote more efficient vocal behavior through functional and mechanical respiratory-laryngeal interactions while decreasing speaking effort.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2115-2140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12270840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swallowing Function After Pioneering Partial Face and Whole Eye Transplant: Clinical Insights.","authors":"Margaret Lico, Kaitlin Hanley, Alay Shah, Sachin Chinta, Daniel J Ceradini, Eduardo D Rodriguez","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00364","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>There is limited literature reporting swallowing outcomes in the pre- and postoperative period for patients undergoing facial transplantation. This case report aims to utilize a combination of objective and patient-reported outcome measures to highlight swallowing improvements following the world's first face with whole-eye transplantation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Outcome measures in jaw range of motion, anterior containment, texture progression, airway protection, and pharyngeal swallow function were collected pre-transplantation by two speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and at multiple postoperative visits after the procedure was completed. Specific outcome measures included the Gothenburg Trismus Questionnaire, Maximal Incisor Opening, Modified Teachers Drooling Scale, Functional Oral Intake Scale, Eating Assessment Tool-10, The Penetration-Aspiration Scale, and the Modified Barium Swallow Study Impairment Profile. Measures were then compared over a 1-year time period to assess changes in swallow function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Improvements in jaw range of motion, anterior containment, and airway protection were observed. The patient's stated goal of returning to full PO diet following face transplant was achieved within 1 year.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Swallowing and trismus outcome measures are an important tool for monitoring progress along a patient's recovery journey, especially following unique procedures such as face transplantation. Based on this single patient case study, facial transplantation can lead to improvements in both objective and patient-reported outcomes. Future goals for research should continue to explore this unique population due to the limited literature available for SLPs, as well as include development of valid and reliable assessment tools specific to the face transplantation population.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1921-1930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Longitudinal Study of Auditory Comprehension in Poststroke Aphasia.","authors":"Camille Salvas, Jacinthe Paré, Simona Maria Brambati, Alberto Osa García, Amélie Brisebois, Karine Marcotte","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00494","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Most studies documenting the longitudinal recovery of auditory comprehension in poststroke aphasia begin in the subacute phase. The present study aimed to address this gap by exploring the longitudinal changes in auditory comprehension from the acute to the chronic phase and their neural correlates.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty-one Laurentian French persons with aphasia (PWA) following a first left middle cerebral artery stroke underwent three language assessments (acute: 0-72 hr, subacute: 7-14 days, chronic: 6-12 months postonset). Auditory comprehension was assessed at each time point using two tasks, sentence-picture matching and sequential commands. From the sentence-picture matching task, four measures were extracted (single-word, subject-verb, canonical subject-verb-object, and noncanonical subject-verb-object comprehension), while one measure was derived from the sequential commands task, totaling five measures. Lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) was used to identify the brain regions associated with comprehension impairments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All five auditory comprehension measures showed significant positive changes between acute and chronic phases. Persistent comprehension impairments with canonical sentences and sequential commands were more likely to occur in the chronic phase. LSM analyses revealed that comprehension of noncanonical sentences was associated with lesions in the supramarginal gyrus and extended to the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Similarly, the comprehension of sequential commands was associated with lesions in the MTG, extending to the STG and insula.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current findings suggest that PWA with more severe impairments in the acute phase reach a similar performance in the chronic phase than people with milder aphasia and suggest a critical role for the left MTG in the recovery of auditory comprehension, especially with complex stimuli.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.29202788.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2212-2227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interim Treatment Fidelity for a Randomized Controlled Comparative Effectiveness Trial of Two Variants of Semantic Feature Analysis Treatment for Aphasia.","authors":"Miranda C Babiak, William D Hula, Alyssa Autenreith, Mary M Nader, Shannon Austermann Hula, Alexander Swiderski, Robert Cavanaugh, Kristen Nunn, Jeffrey P Johnson, Michael Walsh Dickey","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00331","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluated treatment fidelity for an ongoing randomized controlled trial comparing two variants of semantic feature analysis (SFA) treatment for naming impairment in aphasia. In this trial, participants are being randomized to treatment conditions (many- or few-features) in which they are asked to generate either 11 or five features per SFA trial.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Treatment fidelity was addressed via study design, manualization of the treatment, provider training, and maintenance of daily treatment logs, among other approaches. Fidelity was assessed through protocol adherence checks, interrater reliability of feature counting, and analysis of treatment dosage. Protocol adherence was measured using a 20-item checklist. Interrater reliability was evaluated for feature counts on 10% of treatment sessions. Treatment dosage was analyzed to confirm differentiation between many-features and few-features groups in terms of features generated and exposed and equivalence in terms of total treatment time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall protocol adherence was 99%. Interrater reliability for feature counting showed good-to-excellent agreement. Analysis of treatment dosage in terms of features per trial confirmed clear differentiation between groups, with the many-features group generating or being exposed to approximately 10-11 features per trial compared to four to five features for the few-features group. Analysis of other aspects of dosage also suggested good fidelity to the design.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This ongoing trial of SFA is being implemented with high levels of treatment fidelity. The study demonstrates the importance and feasibility of comprehensive fidelity monitoring in aphasia treatment research. Detailed fidelity procedures and outcomes support interpretation, replication, and clinical implementation of study findings.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.29230937.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2081-2097"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12270838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Feasibility of Using Smartphones for Measuring Sound-Level Difference as a Treatment Outcome.","authors":"Calvin Peter Baker, Anna Miles","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00538","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In the last decade, acoustic voice analysis using smartphones and freely downloadable apps has gained popularity. This observational study aimed to establish the feasibility of using uncalibrated smartphone devices with internal microphones as sound-level meters (SLMs) of voice in suboptimal clinical environments with ambient noise for sound-level difference measurement.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Four smartphones (two iPhones and two Androids) were tested against a Class 2 Casella SLM. Within-device consistency and linearity were tested across a range of synthesized tones and recorded sustained /a/ vowels, adjusting for app choice, microphone-to-source distance, sound type, intensity, frequency, and ambient noise level (< 30, < 50 dB). The strength of within-device test-retest reliability was also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across devices, single dB values differed widely. Under all conditions, a strong linear relationship was seen across the Class 2 SLM and all smartphones (<i>R</i>² > .980). An increase in ambient noise from < 30 to < 50 dB did not affect the linearity of any of the tested devices (<i>R</i>² > .980). The test-retest reliability showed near-perfect linearity across measurement iterations and between devices, <i>R</i>² > .998, τ > .99. Measured differences between white noise tokens across all devices showed good agreement, intraclass correlation coefficient (2,1) = .88.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Provided that internal linearity can be proven, uncalibrated smartphones demonstrate a feasible method of measuring pre-/posttreatment sound levels in sustained vowels provided that the device microphone-to-source distance and recording parameters (i.e., time and frequency weighting and application) are the same. Conversely, for absolute sound pressure level measurement, calibration with a gold standard SLM is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"2342-2350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability of Stuttering in Young Children: Caregivers' Perceptions and Experiences.","authors":"Amir Hossein Rasoli Jokar, Sadaf Salehi, J Scott Yaruss","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00341","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>It is widely known that stuttering is variable, but few studies have examined the variability of stuttering behaviors and experiences in young children. This study aimed to increase understanding of stuttering variability in preschool children based on the perspectives of their primary caregivers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study employed a mixed-methods approach involving 104 primary caregivers of English-speaking children who stutter in the United States. The children's ages were 2 years 11 months to 6 years 2 months. Caregivers provided insights about the variability of their children's stuttering via an online survey that gathered information about the amount, severity, and type of variability observed. The survey also gathered information about children's emotional and behavioral reactions to variability across situations, tasks, and time, as well as about the impact of variability on children and on the caregivers themselves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses confirmed that a high percentage of caregivers observed variability in different aspects of their children's stuttering. For example, 89% of caregivers reported that the amount of stuttering they see in their children's speech is variable. Emotional factors were identified as the most significant influencers of this variability, followed by paralinguistic, linguistic, and social factors. Variability was reported to not only affect children's communication and emotional well-being; caregivers reported that variability also affected their own emotional responses, as well as their interactions with their children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights the need for comprehensive, multifaceted clinical assessments and interventions for young children that account for variability in the behavior, impact, and experience of stuttering. Further research is needed to determine appropriate means of addressing stuttering variability in the assessment and intervention process.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1992-2009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12270842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}