American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Cultural Perceptions of Language Development in a Population Sample of 54-Month-Old Children From Aotearoa New Zealand.","authors":"Jayne Newbury, Bridget White, Kane Meissel, Noriko Panther, Helena Cook, Rahera Cowie, Elaine Reese","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00485","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>There is a dearth of information on cultural perceptions of children's language development for ethnic minorities in New Zealand to guide service provision. The current study explored differences across ethnicities in mothers' report of language concern and child language scores within a complex cultural, social, educational, and political context.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data from the antenatal and 54-month waves of Growing Up in New Zealand were utilized. At the 54-month wave interviews, 5,053 mothers were asked if language concerns had been raised and to rate their child's main language proficiency along with other measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Logistic regression models (including influencing variables) indicated Chinese, Indian, and other Asian mothers were less likely to report language concern, whereas Māori, Pacific, other Asian, and Middle Eastern, Latin American, and African children were more likely to score low on the language measure. Higher maternal education was associated with higher child main language scores, but not with language concerns. Child multilingualism was not associated with low language scores, and these mothers were less likely to raise concern.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated differences by ethnicity in mothers' language concern and child main language scores, which are likely to affect access to speech-language pathology services, as these typically rely on parent concern being expressed. Cultural bias in the language measure may also be present. Further research is needed to ask ethnic communities their views on culturally appropriate ways to identify children with communication needs and to develop culturally safe services.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"118-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Impacts of Anticipated Success on Employment Outcomes Among Adults Who Stutter.","authors":"Molly Jacobs, Hope Gerlach-Houck, Patrick Briley","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00202","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Stuttering is associated with disparities in labor market outcomes among young adults, but little is known about how labor market outcomes associated with stuttering change over time. Therefore, this study characterized longitudinal associations between stuttering and early life expectations, job satisfaction, receipt of employer-provided insurance benefits, and income.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The analysis used data from three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, which contained 16,653 individuals aged 18-43 years interviewed over 18 years. First, regression models evaluated the likelihood of employment between people who stutter (PWS) and people who do not stutter (PWNS). Second, conditional on employment, two-stage likelihood models quantified differences in their job satisfaction, receipt of employer-provided insurance benefits, and earned income, controlling for age, sex, race, and household characteristics. Finally, the relationship between their reported education and income expectations and these employment outcomes was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although stuttering was not related to the likelihood of working or receiving employer-provided benefits, PWS were 20%-22% (<i>SE</i> = 0.06-0.07) less likely to be satisfied with their jobs than PWNS, and dissatisfaction increased with age. Additionally, the odds of earning a higher income were significantly lower for PWS than for PWNS. PWS who anticipated attending college and earning a middle-class income were more likely to be satisfied with their jobs and earn a higher income. However, PWS were less likely to expect that they would earn a middle-class income (PWNS: 46.4%, PWS: 36.3%) or graduate from college (PWNS: 70.9%, PWS: 58.4%) compared to PWNS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Labor market inequities associated with stuttering persist and increase with age. PWS have significantly lower expectations for their likelihood of future success, and these expectations predict their future occupational outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"246-260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing Motivation Increases Intelligibility Benefits of Perceptual Training in Dysarthria.","authors":"Stephanie A Borrie, Katerina A Tetzloff, Tyson S Barrett, Kaitlin L Lansford","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00196","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Perceptual training offers a promising, listener-targeted option for improving intelligibility of dysarthric speech. Cognitive resources are required for learning, and theoretical models of listening effort and engagement account for a role of listener motivation in allocation of such resources. Here, we manipulate training instructions to enhance motivation to test the hypothesis that increased motivation increases the intelligibility benefits of perceptual training.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Across two data collection sites, which differed with respect to many elements of study design including age of speaker with dysarthria, dysarthria type and severity, type of testing and training stimuli, and participant compensation, 84 neurotypical adults were randomly assigned to one of two training instruction conditions: enhanced instructions or standard instructions. Intelligibility, quantified as percent words correct, was measured before and after training.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Listeners who received the enhanced instructions achieved greater intelligibility improvements from training relative to listeners who received the standard instructions. This result was robust across data collection sites and the many differences in methodology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides evidence for the role of motivation in improved understanding of dysarthric speech-increasing motivation increases allocation of cognitive resources to the learning process, resulting in improved mapping of the degraded speech signal. This provides empirical support for theoretical models of listening effort and engagement. Clinically, the results show that a simple addition to the training instructions can elevate learning outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"85-96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11745309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability in Stuttering Severity and Other Symptoms Across Three Fluency States.","authors":"Edward C Brown, Tricia Hedinger, Tim Saltuklaroglu","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00011","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To quantify variability in external stuttering and other stuttering symptoms and reactions within adults who stutter (AWS) across three fluency states.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 130 AWS responded to an online survey that first asked them to rate their external stuttering severity when least fluent (LF), most naturally fluent (MNF), and when using fluency shaping (FS) techniques using a 9-point semantic differential scale. Fourteen subsequent questions probed a wide range of stuttering symptoms and listener reactions in reference to each of the three states.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High intra- and interindividual variability was observed across all items probed. Within AWS, for 13 of 14 symptoms and reactions, LF was associated with the most negative ratings and MNF with the most positive ratings. FS ratings consistently fell between LF and MNF. Importantly, many symptoms continued to be prominently displayed even in the MNF state.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings provide a unique view of intra-individual variability in stuttering symptoms in reference to external stuttering severity. In addition, these data highlight the costs and benefits associated with using FS. Other clinical implications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"364-376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Velopharyngeal Impairment in Adults With Dysarthria: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Kristie A Spencer, Brandon Eddy, Ilias Papathanasiou, Dale Summers, Deanna Britton","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00287","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Velopharyngeal impairment (VPI) is a common manifestation of dysarthria, yet there is uncertainty regarding the evidence for treatment options. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate published intervention studies of VPI and to update the original Practice Guidelines for VPI, as part of the Dysarthria Writing Group of the Evidence-Based Clinical Research Committee of the Academy of Neurologic Communication Disorders and Sciences.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Four electronic databases were searched for articles published through September 2022 in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards. Multiple indices of methodological quality and risk of bias were used to evaluate studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded 1,347 articles, of which 31 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed by two blinded co-investigators and a third consensus reviewer. Therapeutic approaches centered on prosthetic treatment (<i>n</i> = 13), prosthetic treatment combined with another form of therapy (<i>n</i> = 7), and behavioral exercise (<i>n</i> = 7), with four additional studies reporting unconventional approaches (e.g., use of medication). No single treatment approach garnered strong evidence. However, converging moderate evidence suggests positive treatment outcomes for prosthetic approaches for moderate-severe speakers with flaccid/spastic dysarthria and behavioral treatment approaches for speakers spanning a range of nonprogressive dysarthrias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a critical need for well-controlled treatment studies of VPI that incorporate comprehensive and systematic description of baseline speech function, treatment protocols, and operationally defined outcome measures, particularly related to social validity and participation goals. Suggestions for how clinicians can apply extant research findings to practice are provided.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27655566.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"391-409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Efficiently Measure the Intelligibility of People With Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Kimberly L Dahl, Magdalen A Balz, Manuel Díaz Cádiz, Cara E Stepp","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00080","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine the most efficient approaches to measuring the intelligibility of people with Parkinson's disease (PD) when considering the estimation method, listener experience, number of listeners, number of sentences, and the ways these factors may interact.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and inexperienced listeners estimated the intelligibility of people with and without PD using orthographic transcription or a visual analog scale (VAS). Intelligibility estimates were based on 11 Speech Intelligibility Test sentences. We simulated all combinations of listeners and sentences to compare intelligibility estimates based on fewer listeners and sentences to a speaker-specific benchmark estimate based on the mean intelligibility across all sentences and listeners.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intelligibility estimates were closer to the benchmark (i.e., more accurate) when more listeners and sentences were included in the estimation process for transcription- and VAS-based estimates and for SLPs and inexperienced listeners. Differences between the benchmark and subset-based intelligibility estimates were, in some cases, smaller than the minimally detectable change in intelligibility for people with PD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The intelligibility of people with PD can be measured more efficiently by reducing the number of listeners and/or sentences, up to a point, while maintaining the ability to detect change in this outcome. Clinicians and researchers may prioritize either fewer listeners or fewer sentences, depending on the specific constraints of their work setting. However, consideration must be given to listener experience and estimation method, as the effect of reducing the number of listeners and sentences varied with these factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"70-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11745308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional Individualized Stuttering Therapy Outcomes At 24 Months Post Clinic: An Embodiment and Awareness Perspective.","authors":"Hilda Sønsterud, Kirsten Costain, David Ward","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00074","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Multidimensional Individualized Stuttering Therapy (MIST) is based on proactive collaborative work and shared decision making between client and clinician with the goal of identifying individual case-appropriate procedures and therapy elements in a manner that is meaningful and context-sensitive for each person. MIST combines value- and awareness-based elements from acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with stuttering and speech modification interventions. In keeping with the principles of ACT, we locate mindfulness as part of an embodied practice facilitated through a collaboration between the person who stutters and the speech-language therapist.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The aim of this study was to see whether the positive results of MIST recorded at 12 months post-therapy remained stable at 24 months post-therapy and to consider the role of embodiment and awareness within MIST. Fifteen of 18 adults already enrolled in a treatment study (2015/FO12451) took part in a single-group repeated-measures design. They completed measures of stuttering severity, impact of stuttering, unhelpful thoughts and beliefs about stuttering, general anxiety symptoms, and fear of negative evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant reduction of stuttering severity and negative impact of stuttering from pre-therapy to 24 months post-therapy. Unhelpful thoughts and beliefs about stuttering, symptoms of general anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation were reduced at 12 months post-therapy, and these values remained stable at 24 months post-therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MIST was associated with positive outcomes at 24 months post-therapy, suggesting a possible connection between the person-centered approach and longer-term benefit. Findings are discussed within the context of mindfulness and embodied adjustment, and shared client-clinician decision making. The absence of a control group is a limiting factor regarding certainty of interpretation. Future research is therefore needed on collaborative and individualized approaches to stuttering therapy that include embodiment and awareness perspectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"32-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aided Communication With Individuals Who Have Multiple Disabilities That Include Visual Impairments: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Naomi Nattress, Cindy Gevarter, Allison Nannemann, Elizabeth Martinez, Cathy Binger","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00242","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Despite several decades of research focused on improving early symbolic communication for individuals with multiple disabilities, relatively limited focus has been placed on individuals who also have visual impairments. To establish what is currently known about aided language adaptations for this population, a meta-analysis was conducted to examine augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention approaches for individuals with multiple disabilities that include visual impairments.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Six relevant databases were systematically searched. Seven hundred eighty-nine articles were narrowed to eight intervention studies that met the design standards set for this review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the eight intervention studies that met design standards, five used modified versions of the Picture Exchange Communication System and three used a combination of approaches such as communication partner instruction plus environmental arrangement. Most studies used low-tech AAC such as tangible symbols, photo cues, and communication books, and most focused on improving independent requesting. Overall, the studies indicated positive findings for increasing pragmatic language skills such as requesting, turn-taking, and student-to-peer interactions. However, the total number of participants across studies was extremely limited (i.e., 19 participants total). Clearly, much additional research is required to devise adequate accommodations for individuals with multiple disabilities, including visual impairments, and to expand communicative functions beyond simple requests.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of visual impairment accommodations appeared largely effective for the included aided AAC interventions, although consultation with visual impairment specialists was not consistently reported across the included studies. More rigorous research must occur within this population to better inform clinical practice and future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"410-427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Diagnosis of a Pharyngeal Fricative and Therapeutic Monitoring of Velopharyngeal Function Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.","authors":"Kazlin N Mason, Ellie Botz, Thomas Gampper","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00292","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Speech disorders associated with velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) are common. Some require surgical management, while others are responsive to speech therapy. This is related to whether the speech error is obligatory (passive) or compensatory (active). Accurate identification of speech errors is necessary to facilitate timely and appropriate intervention. Recent studies have supported the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment process for VPD. The purpose of this study was to utilize MRI to support differential diagnosis and treatment planning in a child presenting with inconsistent nasal air escape, mild hypernasality, and compensatory speech errors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A nonsedated, fully awake, velopharyngeal (VP) MRI protocol was implemented to acquire anatomic data at rest and during phonation. Segmentations and visualization of the tongue, palate, adenoids, and nasopharyngeal airway were completed. Anatomic linear measurements were obtained for VP variables to assess VP function, establish a baseline, and monitor change over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VP anatomy was successfully visualized on MRI in multiple imaging planes. All anatomic measurements fell within normative expectations. Elevation and retraction of the soft palate occurred against the adenoid pad. A pharyngeal fricative was documented, resulting a small VP gap during speech. In contrast, adequate VP closure was obtained for vowels and other oral consonant sounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Quantitative assessment and visualization of the anatomy demonstrated adequate VP closure capabilities and a pharyngeal fricative substitution that had not been adequately perceived during routine clinical assessments. This study suggests a promising additive role for VP MRI for enhanced differential diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring in children with VPD and concomitant speech disorders.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27905451.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11745311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naming Ability in the Chronic Phase of Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Ryan McCurdy, Natalie V Covington, Melissa C Duff","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00249","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Naming difficulties are commonly reported in the acute and subacute stages of recovery of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and across severity levels. Previous studies, however, have used samples of mixed chronicity (acute and chronic) and severity (mild and severe) and then aggregated data across individuals from these distinct groups. Thus, we have little knowledge about the persistence of naming difficulties into the chronic stage of recovery in individuals with moderate-severe TBI.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To increase the rigor and reproducibility of naming research in TBI, the present study sought to determine the presence and profile of naming disruptions into the chronic stage of moderate-severe TBI using a confrontation naming assessment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thirty-three individuals aged 24-55 years in the chronic epoch of moderate-severe TBI and 33 demographically matched noninjured comparison (NC) participants completed the Philadelphia Naming Test (PNT). A mixed-effects logistic regression model predicting the probability of a correct response as a function of group was fit to the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with TBI performed well on the PNT (all participants with TBI had over 90% accuracy). However, participants with TBI were statistically less likely to correctly name an item relative to demographically matched NC participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides empirical evidence that naming difficulties persist into the chronic epoch of moderate-severe TBI. Despite high accuracy on the PNT, nearly 60% of these individuals with TBI reported continued difficulty with word finding in their daily lives. This discrepancy leaves open the possibility that, at this stage of injury, word-finding issues may be more reliably evoked and studied when the assessment is embedded within cognitively demanding and ecologically valid contexts (i.e., discourse, conversation). Further investigation of naming deficits in chronic moderate-severe TBI using a more naturalistic assessment is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"377-390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11745304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142839971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}