American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology最新文献

{"title":"The Feasibility of an Online Language Program Delivered Through Music and the Impact of Dosage on Vocabulary Outcomes in Young Children With Down Syndrome.","authors":"Pauline Frizelle, Eva McMullan, Eibhlín Looney, Darren Dahly, Ciara O'Toole, Nicola Hart","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00375","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies have explored the feasibility of online language interventions for young children with Down syndrome. Additionally, none have manipulated dose frequency or reported on the use of music as a medium through which language and sign can be learned.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the feasibility and acceptability of an online language through music intervention for young children (1-3;6 years) with Down syndrome and (b) compare effectiveness at two intervention dose frequencies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study was carried out in two phases using a mixed-methods design. <i>Phase 1:</i> Qualitative data were gathered from parents to examine feasibility when implementing a video-based language intervention. <i>Phase 2:</i> Seventy-six families participated in an online language intervention at home. Effectiveness was examined comparing two groups, randomly assigned to a high and low dose frequency. The Down Syndrome Education (DSE) checklists (combined) were the primary outcome measure. Process data were gathered to determine intervention acceptability in practice and to identify factors that would improve successful future implementation. Acceptability data were analyzed with reference to the theoretical framework of acceptability (Version 2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-three parents completed the Phase 1 scoping questionnaire, five of whom took part in focus groups. Once weekly morning sessions were indicated as the preferred scheduling choice. Phase 2 quantitative data were analyzed using beta regression adjusted for baseline scores and indicated no additional benefit to receiving the higher dose. However, exploratory interaction models suggested that the efficacy of the high-dose intervention was higher (than low-dose intervention) in participants with higher baseline DSE performance. Parents perceived the intervention to be effective and positive for the family.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results add to our knowledge of real-world effective online interventions and suggest that a critical minimum language level is required for children with Down syndrome to benefit optimally from a higher intervention dose frequency.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25979704.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying and Addressing Functional Communication Challenges in Patients With Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia.","authors":"Gabriela Meade, Mary M Machulda, Heather M Clark, Joseph R Duffy, Hugo Botha, Jennifer L Whitwell, Keith A Josephs, Rene L Utianski","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00013","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We describe the communication challenges of four patients with a neurodegenerative disorder consistent with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), characterized by early behavioral and personality changes. By describing their clinical profiles, we identify common barriers to functional communication in this population and provide recommendations for how speech-language pathologists (SLPs) might contribute to minimizing them.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Four patients with bvFTD were selected from a cohort of patients with progressive communication impairments. Three of them returned for at least one follow-up visit. Case histories are presented along with the results of comprehensive speech and language, neuropsychological, and neurological testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the time of initial evaluation, patients were between the ages of 54 and 66 years and had been experiencing symptoms for 1.5-6 years. Consistent with their bvFTD diagnoses, all patients had prominent behavioral and personality changes that impacted communication. Patients 1 and 2 also had mild aphasia at enrollment, primarily characterized by anomia and loss of word meaning. Patients 3 and 4 both had apraxia of speech and moderate-to-severe aphasia at enrollment with prominent anomia and agrammatism. All four patients had impaired executive functioning and relative sparing of visuospatial skills; episodic memory was also impaired for Patients 2 and 4. Even though functional communication was progressively limited for all patients, none of them received regular support from an SLP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case series adds to a scant, but growing, literature demonstrating that patients with bvFTD have communication impairments. SLPs are uniquely positioned to identify barriers to functional communication and to provide tailored strategy training to the patients and their care partners over the course of their disease. Systematic evaluation of the efficacy of treatment in this population would be valuable.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25933762.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11253250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Cervical Bracing on Elderly Patients With Dysphagia.","authors":"Jodi Hernandez, Glen Leverson, Susan L Thibeault","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00394","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to determine if cervical bracing with a PMT collar increases risk of airway invasion and pharyngeal residue in elderly patients with dysphagia. Additionally, it aimed to identify patient preference for cervical bracing during deglutition.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty-one patients underwent a videofluoroscopic swallow study. Thin liquid, nectar thick liquid, pudding, and cracker were administered with cervical collar on and off with order of condition randomized. The Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) was used to grade swallows, with McNemar's test of symmetry used to determine whether the categorical PAS score was similar between conditions. Pharyngeal residue was measured following swallows. Patients were asked which condition they preferred, and which was more comfortable with \"no difference\" being a selection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant difference in PAS categorization score was measured for any consistency (<i>p</i> = .317-.919). Significantly more pyriform sinus residue was measured in the collar off condition (<i>p</i> = .003), albeit amounts were within normative range, with no difference measured in vallecula residue between conditions (<i>p</i> = .939). Forty-five percent of participants preferred to swallow with the collar off, while 55% indicated no preference. Forty-one percent of participants indicated increased comfort with collar off, while 59% indicated no difference in comfort. No participant preferred swallowing or indicated increased comfort with the collar on.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Presence of a cervical collar in elderly patients with dysphagia did not result in a significant difference in airway invasion or total pharyngeal residue. There was significantly more residue in the pyriform sinuses when cervical bracing was removed. The majority of patients did not indicate a difference in preference or comfort between collar on/off conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criterion (Concurrent) Validity and Clinical Utility of the Tongueometer Device.","authors":"Brittany N Krekeler, Anna Hopkins, Meredith E Tabangin, Mekibib Altaye, Rachel Roberts, Raneh Saadi, Bonnie Martin-Harris, Nicole Rogus-Pulia","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00478","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Tongue manometry (i.e., tongue pressure measurement) is a commonly used assessment for patients with suspected oral-motor involvement in swallowing disorders. Availability of lingual manometry has changed in recent years, with the introduction of the Tongueometer device being a more affordable tongue manometry system. The purpose of this study was to test concurrent (criterion) validity of the Tongueometer compared to the current standard reference device, the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Adults without dysphagia were recruited for participation in this study. Standard lingual measurements (swallowing-related pressures, maximum isometric pressure [MIP], and maximum isometric endurance) were recorded, with the bulb anteriorly placed, with both devices, in a randomized order. The Bland-Altman method was used to determine concurrent (criterion) validity of these measurements compared to the clinical standard IOPI device. A recently available suggested corrective value by Curtis et al. (2023) was also applied, with comparisons made between devices both with and without the Curtis correction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final sample included 70 adult participants aged 20-89 years (<i>M</i>_age = 52.3 years). Measures with the Tongueometer device were significantly lower when compared with the same measures taken using the IOPI (<i>p</i> < .01) for all measures including MIP, endurance, and swallow pressures. The correction suggested by Curtis and colleagues did not ameliorate these differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Tongueometer lingual measurements were consistently lower compared to the IOPI. Clinical use of values taken with the Tongueometer device should be compared to normative data published for each specific device. Available features of each device (e.g., display, bulb texture, technology/application) should be considered when selecting which device to use with an individual patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11253644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140899996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should We Stop Using Lexical Diversity Measures in Children's Language Sample Analysis?","authors":"Nan Bernstein Ratner, Youngjin Han, Ji Seung Yang","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00457","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Prior work has identified weaknesses in commonly used indices of lexical diversity in spoken language samples, such as type-token ratio (TTR) due to sample size and elicitation variation, we explored whether TTR and other diversity measures, such as number of different words/100 (NDW), vocabulary diversity (VocD), and the moving average TTR would be more sensitive to child age and clinical status (typically developing [TD] or developmental language disorder [DLD]) if samples were obtained from standardized prompts.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We utilized archival data from the norming samples of the Test of Narrative Language and the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument. We examined lexical diversity and other linguistic properties of the samples, from a total of 1,048 children, ages 4-11 years; 798 of these were considered TD, whereas 250 were categorized as having a language learning disorder.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TTR was the least sensitive to child age or diagnostic group, with good potential to misidentify children with DLD as TD and TD children as having DLD. Growth slopes of NDW were shallow and not very sensitive to diagnostic grouping. The strongest performing measure was VocD. Mean length of utterance, TNW, and verbs/utterance did show both good growth trajectories and ability to distinguish between clinical and typical samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study, the largest and best controlled to date, re-affirms that TTR should not be used in clinical decision making with children. A second popular measure, NDW, is not measurably stronger in terms of its psychometric properties. Because the most sensitive measure of lexical diversity, VocD, is unlikely to gain popularity because of reliance on computer-assisted analysis, we suggest alternatives for the appraisal of children's expressive vocabulary skill.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11253636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Components of a Person-Centered Augmentative and Alternative Communication Intervention for People With Dementia: Opinions of an International Expert Panel.","authors":"Adele A May, Shakila Dada, Janice Murray","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00317","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Despite general agreement on the importance of person-centered care in speech-language pathology, guidelines for developing person-centered interventions for those with dementia are limited. This study aimed to obtain expert opinion on the components of a person-centered augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention for persons with dementia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A modified electronic Delphi technique was employed in a single round. A purposively sampled panel of experts was invited to provide their opinion on three open-ended questions related to (a) the elements of person-centered care, (b) communication supports, and (c) the interaction outcomes of a person-centered intervention. Thirty-one experts from nine countries participated on the panel. The majority were speech-language pathologists primarily involved in research. Qualitative written data were coded and analyzed using content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine components were identified across the three open-ended questions: (a) the unique characteristics of the person with dementia, (b) working with a person with dementia, (c) preserving personhood, (d) a different view on person-centered care, (e) a range of communication supports, (f) supportive conversational partners, (g) designing communication supports, (h) interaction outcome measure, and (i) meaningful interaction outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified nine components that are useful in guiding speech-language pathologists in crafting future person-centered AAC interventions for people with dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Health-Related Social Needs and Components of Social Competence Following Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Libby Dart, Angela Ciccia","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00404","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Health-related social needs (HRSNs) impact general health care and educational outcomes for children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their families. Furthermore, children with TBI of all severities experience negative social competence outcomes chronically postinjury. However, studies have not investigated the relationship between HRSNs and social competence outcomes for children after TBI. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between HRSNs and components of social competence (i.e., social skills, social communication, family functioning, and behavioral domains per the biopsychosocial framework for social competence) for children with TBI, per parent report.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study used a prospective, cross-sectional study design with a convenience sample. Online surveys were completed by parents of children with TBI (<i>N</i> = 22). On average, children with TBI were 4.84 years old at the time of their TBI and 9.24 years old at the time of study participation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Having a parent identify an HRSN in the domain of mental health was associated with social communication and family functioning difficulties for children with TBI. Statistically significant relationships were found between social communication and family functioning, externalizing behavior, and total behavior; family functioning and social relations; and family functioning and externalizing behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study support that children with TBI experience chronic deficits in components of social competence, and HRSNs are associated with these outcomes. Further research needs to consider HRSNs to improve equitable prevention, supports, and services for children with TBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Interactive Context on Acoustic Characteristics of Speech in People With Dysarthria: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Elizabeth Krajewski, Jimin Lee, Navin Viswanathan, Anne Olmstead, Zachary Simmons","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00372","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The current study compared temporal and spectral acoustic contrast between vowel segments produced by speakers with dysarthria across three speech tasks-interactive, solo habitual, and solo clear.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Nine speakers with dysarthria secondary to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis participated in the study. Each speaker was paired with a typical interlocutor over videoconferencing software. The speakers produced the vowels /i, ɪ, ɛ, æ/ in /h/-vowel-/d/ words. For the solo tasks, speakers read the stimuli aloud in both their habitual and clear speaking styles. For the interactive task, speakers produced a target stimulus for their interlocutor to select among the four possibilities. We measured the duration difference between long and short vowels, as well as the F1/F2 Euclidean distance between adjacent vowels, and also determined how well the vowels could be classified based on their acoustic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Temporal contrast between long and short vowels was higher in the interactive task than in both solo tasks. Spectral distance between adjacent vowel pairs was also higher for some pairs in the interactive task than the habitual speech task. Finally, vowel classification accuracy was highest in the interactive task.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, we found evidence that individuals with dysarthria produced vowels with greater acoustic contrast in structured interactions than they did in solo tasks. Furthermore, the speech adjustments they made to the vowel segments differed from those observed in solo speech.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech Disfluencies in Bilingual Lebanese Children Who Do and Do Not Stutter.","authors":"Selma Saad Merouwe, Raymond Bertram, Kurt Eggers","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Prior studies have shown that bilingual children who do not stutter (CWNS) exhibit a high number of disfluencies in both languages, increasing the risk of misidentification by speech-language pathologists as children who stutter (CWS). Conversely, there is a risk of misidentifying CWS with a relatively low incidence of disfluencies as CWNS. This study aims to explore the qualitative and quantitative distinctions in speech disfluency profiles between CWNS and CWS. The assessment covers both the dominant and nondominant language to examine the impact of language dominance on disfluency patterns.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 92 Lebanese bilinguals (70 CWNS and 22 CWS) from 4;06 to 7;06 (years;months) were included. Language dominance was determined based on parental assessments. Spontaneous and narrative speech samples were collected for each child in both languages and all stuttering-like disfluencies (SLD) and other disfluencies (OD) were coded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, CWNS showed a significantly lower percentage of total SLD, weighted SLD, SLD subtypes, and iterations compared to CWS. However, the number of disfluencies of CWNS exceeded monolingual clinical standards. Language dominance did not impact SLD and OD percentages, but some differences for SLD subtypes emerged. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that repetitions and dysrhythmic phonations are good predictors for correct CWS or CWNS classification, in contrast to OD. A combination of predictors from both languages led to better classification than using predictors from either language alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current study shows that speech disfluency percentages in bilingual CWNS typically surpass monolingual standards and can be at par with those of CWS. However, through careful consideration of disfluency characteristics, ideally in both languages, an accurate differential diagnosis of stuttering in bilingual children can be achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of Identifying Children With Brain Injury in Schools: Speech-Language Pathologists as Crucial Partners.","authors":"Jessica S Riccardi, Elisabeth D'Angelo, Erika B Hagen, Yalian Pei, Angela Ciccia, Juliet Haarbauer-Krupa, Katy H O'Brien, Jennifer P Lundine","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this article is to describe the importance of and strategies to identify traumatic brain injury (TBI) and associated cognitive-communication disorders (CCDs) in children, a priority identified by the attendees at the Fourth International Cognitive-Communication Disorders Conference. Childhood TBI is associated with a range of difficulties, including CCDs, that can adversely impact functioning and participation into adulthood. Identifying a history of TBI in children in schools is the crucial first step to then monitor, assess, and provide evidence-based intervention and accommodations in collaboration with families and medical and educational professionals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given that CCDs are treatable, effective identification, assessment, and management of students with TBI and resulting CCDs can reduce adverse outcomes in adult survivors of childhood TBI. Speech-language pathologists must be aware of their expertise in assessing and treating CCDs in children with TBI and advocate for programmatic and policy changes to better identify and support children with TBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141301919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}