American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Personalization of Words in Anomia Treatment for People With Aphasia: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Amy Vogel-Eyny, Mara Steinberg Lowe, Sameer Ashaie, Samantha Slattery, Brooke Boxrud, Nichol Castro","doi":"10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This scoping review examined how \"personalization\" of treatment targets, specifically words, has been defined and implemented in anomia interventions for people with aphasia following stroke or primary progressive aphasia. The review identified (a) how studies define personalized words, (b) the methods used to select them, and (c) the linguistic characteristics of personalized targets.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews, systematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL on July 8, 2024, with no date limits. Eligible studies reported treatment involving personalized single-word targets for adults with aphasia. Data extraction captured how personalization was defined or described, word selection methods, involvement of participants and partners, and linguistic characteristics. Descriptor terms were analyzed for semantic relatedness using the WordNet LESK algorithm to identify higher order dimensions of the concept \"personalization.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-one studies met inclusion criteria. Few provided explicit definitions; most described personalization using descriptors such as \"relevant,\" \"functional,\" \"familiar,\" \"useful,\" \"frequent,\" and \"meaningful.\" Network analysis grouped these into three dimensions: meaningful, functional, and frequent. Common selection methods included interviews (<i>n</i> = 11), free listing (<i>n</i> = 8), performance informed (<i>n</i> = 7), and category based (<i>n</i> = 5). All studies involved participants with aphasia; most (<i>n</i> = 14) included a communication partner.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Personalization is widely referenced in anomia treatment but rarely operationalized. Clearer reporting of personalization dimensions, selection methods, and linguistic features would improve comparability and align research with person-centered frameworks such as the Life Participation Approach to Aphasia and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.32118373.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naming, Not Othering: Reframing Communication Labels in Speech-Language Pathology Practice.","authors":"Shanna Caprice Lee-Holloway","doi":"10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This letter proposes that we, speech-language pathology professionals, should stop labeling languages and skills as \"differences\" with the implication that they are different from General American English (GAE). Instead, we should refer to specific languages by their proper names (e.g., African American English, GAE, Spanish, and French). This letter also highlights how labels can influence individuals' perceptions of a language's legitimacy. This letter is intended to open a dialogue on an important topic rather than provide a comprehensive review or analysis. Considerations that warrant further attention will be highlighted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Referring to languages and skills by their name is necessary for speech-language pathologists, fostering a culture of cognitive and linguistic acceptance rather than facilitating an \"othering\" tone when describing skills and characteristics that do not reflect a standard or dominant ideology. Consideration of this proposed philosophical shift is needed for the sake of ethical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysphagia Management in Geriatric Medicine: Clinical Perspectives and Practice Patterns.","authors":"Raele Donetha Loy, Danielle Brates, Joanne Yee, Ashwini Namasivayam-MacDonald, Harmonie Chan, Nicole Werner, James L Rudolph, Liron Sinvani, Nicole Rogus-Pulia","doi":"10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Swallowing care in older adults involves multiple providers, but how non-speech-language pathologist (SLP) providers approach dysphagia management is unclear. This study explored perspectives on dysphagia management among geriatrics-focused health care providers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A 21-item mixed-methods online survey study was disseminated to geriatrics-focused, licensed health care providers (excluding SLPs) using Qualtrics software (Qualtrics). The survey was opt-in, and all responses were collected anonymously. Health care providers were identified through various methods, including online forum postings, local and national presentations, and the snowball method. Data were analyzed descriptively, and free-text responses were examined using inductive thematic analysis with a jointly developed codebook. Two coders completed manual coding in Excel, and a third reviewer resolved discrepancies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-two providers responded. Most felt confident (69.5%) and knowledgeable (81.7%) about dysphagia but wanted more training (74.4%), especially on interventions (75.6%). The primary screening barrier was poor integration into clinical workflows (52.4%), while perceived relevance to care (58.5%) was the primary screening facilitator. Though 92.7% of health care providers referred to SLPs when dysphagia was suspected, most did so for 1%-25% of patients (68.3%). Most respondents asked about swallowing in ≥ 50% of patients with dementia (69.6%). Thematic analysis revealed concerns that SLPs lack person-centered approaches, particularly regarding diet modifications. These concerns appeared related to other systems-level themes identified in the analysis, including limited interdisciplinary collaboration and constrained clinical resources.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests a need for better collaboration among health care professionals to improve swallowing-related care for older adults. It is likely that structural changes within the broader education and workplace systems will be necessary to improve collaboration and optimize current approaches to swallowing care.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Preliminary Investigation of the Prevalence of Motor Speech Impairment Within a Pediatric Outpatient Clinical Setting.","authors":"Kate Nealon, Sammy Floyd","doi":"10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a motor speech disorder often co-occurring with language impairment and complex neurodevelopmental disorders. An association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and CAS has been suggested but not definitely quantified. The reported prevalence of CAS has been variable. The current study sought to quantify prevalence of apraxia as well as comorbid ASD presentation in a pediatric population in a large outpatient hospital setting.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An electronic medical record (EMR) was used to identify all pediatric clients between the ages of 24 and 48 months that presented to the outpatient clinic between January 1, 2016, and March 28, 2022. Clients were included that had either a primary or secondary diagnosis of expressive language disorder, language disorder or apraxia with treatment focusing on intelligibility, or articulation disorder.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7,550 results were produced by the EMR, analysis revealed that 1,477 (19.6%) of the children had received a diagnosis of ASD, and 184 (2.4%) received a diagnosis of apraxia. Nineteen of the children with ASD also received a comorbid diagnosis of apraxia (1.3%). In addition, several additional diagnoses comorbidly presenting with CAS were explored, including ASD, mixed expressive-receptive language disorder, phonological disorder, and other developmental disorders of speech and language, but none were found to be positive significant predictors of a CAS diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings of the current study (prevalence of CAS at 2.4%) are in agreement with previous literature. Results of comorbidity analysis of ASD and CAS revealed that the presentation of these comorbid diagnoses is not as rare as previously found yet not as frequent.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Multimodal Acoustic Therapy for Children With Cochlear Implants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Jonghwa Jeonglok Park, Minyoung Shin, Jiyeon Ha, Wonwoo Lee, Jiseong Kim, Myeongsin Kang, Jun Ho Lee, Jeong Mi Park, Sang-Yeon Lee","doi":"10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a smartphone-based rehabilitation method, Multimodal Acoustic Therapy (MAT), integrating linguistic and nonlinguistic auditory training in improving hearing outcomes in cochlear implant (CI) users.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A double-blind, active-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted at Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea. Thirty-three CI users aged 8-20 years with over 2 years of device use were randomized to MAT or control groups. Participants underwent 8 weeks of home-based training using a smartphone-based digital therapeutic. The MAT group received structured training designed to improve frequency and phoneme discrimination using both linguistic stimuli and nonlinguistic auditory stimuli with auditory-visual feedback. The control group listened to a curated playlist of various music genres through a smartphone application. The primary outcome was a change in melodic contour identification score for music perception. Secondary outcomes were changes in consonant, vowel, and monosyllabic word tests for speech perception. Outcomes were compared at baseline and after 8 weeks of training.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 33 randomized participants, 28 completed the trial (MAT, <i>n</i> = 13; control, <i>n</i> = 15). Compared with the control group, the MAT group demonstrated greater improvements in melodic contour identification (mean change = +11.5 percentage points, 95% CI [+3.6, +19.4] vs. +0.1 percentage points, 95% CI [-2.8, +3.0]; <i>p</i> = .010) and consonant identification (+14.1 percentage points [+8.0, +20.2] vs. +5.9 percentage points [+2.3, +9.5]; <i>p</i> = .028). Vowel identification (median change = +7.1 percentage points, interquartile range [IQR, 0, +7.1]) and monosyllabic word recognition (median change = +5.6 percentage points, IQR [0, +11.1]) also showed significant gains in the MAT group (<i>p</i> = .016 and <i>p</i> = .007, respectively), whereas the control group showed minimal or no (<i>p</i> = .831 and <i>p</i> = .114, respectively) improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MAT improved hearing outcomes in experienced pediatric and adolescent CI users. These findings support the use of digital therapeutics as a feasible and practical approach to auditory rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.32129725.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of an Adapted Alphabetic Principle and Phonemic Awareness Intervention to Improve Spelling for Adolescents Who Use or Need Augmentative and Alternative Communication.","authors":"Nicole Romano, Jessica G Caron, Cayla Solis","doi":"10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Learning the alphabetic principle (AP) and developing phonemic awareness (PA) are foundational skills for learning to spell. For individuals who use or need augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), spelling is vital as it increases communication through the independent generation of words or phrases. The current study aimed to teach AP and PA skills utilizing an adapted keyboard to adolescents who use AAC.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A single-case, concurrent, multiple-probe-across-participants design was employed. The outcome variables in the study included percentage correct of grapheme-phoneme correspondence; percentage correct of phoneme identification in beginning, middle, and final positions of trained and untrained words; percentage correct of typing graphemes corresponding to phonemes in beginning, middle, and final positions of trained and untrained words; and percentage correct of typed consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words and CVC word letter sequences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All three participants made substantial gains in every dependent variable, with medium and large statistically significant effects, and all students could generalize their skills to untrained words. Additionally, two of the three students learned to spell CVC words without being explicitly taught. These gains, across many skills, were observed only after an average of 10 hr of instruction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings from the study add to the evidence that individuals with minimal or no speech can learn foundational skills for spelling. Additional implications include considerations and adaptations when providing an adapted AP and PA intervention for learners who use or need AAC, such as modifying for nonspoken responses and using an AAC keyboard to support the acquisition of skills important for spelling and communicating through orthography.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.32117863.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower Versus Higher Cost Sound Level Meters for the Calibration of Clinical Sound Pressure Level Measurements.","authors":"Youri Maryn, Fergio Sismono","doi":"10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00517","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Clinical measurements of voice/speech sound pressure level (SPL) require calibration. However, relatively expensive sound level meter (SLM) may be required, which can be problematic for clinicians with limited resources.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study therefore compared performance (correlation and error) of 11 lower cost mobile communication device (MCD)-based SLMs (SLM_MCD; without or with miniature measurement microphones and dedicated software) with Class 2 SPL measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only three SLM_MCDs provided accurate SPL measurements. In four other SLM_MCDs, response was nonlinear.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SPL measurements with low-cost and MCD-based SLMs can be accurate, but, in this study, only for miniature measurement microphones for which factory-determined correction terms were available.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1268-1273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informed Consent in Speech-Language Pathology Documentation When Recommending Diet Changes.","authors":"Ed M Bice, Nicole K Tomitz, Steven J Baumrucker, Kristine E Galek","doi":"10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00381","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Informed consent is a legal and ethical requirement in health care, yet limited research has examined how speech-language pathologists (SLPs) document the process when recommending diet modifications. The study investigated the presence of the five components of informed consent in SLP documentation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective review was conducted on 201 clinical swallow evaluations, videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), and flexible endoscopic evaluations of swallowing reports. Reports were selected from medical records from two health care companies across acute and outpatient settings. Two raters reached consensus on the presence of the five core components of informed consent: understanding, disclosure, treatment, alternatives, and choice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, SLPs documented only two of the five components, and no report contained all five. Documentation of \"choice\" was significantly higher in outpatient settings compared to acute care (<i>p</i> = .006). Clinical swallowing evaluations were less likely to include \"understanding\" (<i>p</i> = .02) and \"choice\" (<i>p</i> > .001) compared to instrumental assessments, such as VFSS and flexible endoscopic evaluations of swallowing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings reveal a gap between ethical and legal standards and current documentation practices when recommending diet modifications. Incomplete documentation may compromise personal autonomy and increase the risk of professional liability. Enhanced education, targeted training, and systematic implementation of informed consent protocols are essential to promote best practice and safeguard both people with dysphagia and clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1191-1201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Neurocognitive Frameworks to Clinical Practice: How Music and Rhythm Are Utilized by Speech-Language Pathologists.","authors":"Johanna Brieussel, Jules Fumel, Laurent Ott, Anahita Basirat","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-25-00234","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-25-00234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Music- and rhythm-based interventions in the field of speech-language pathology are not new, and there has been an increase in neuroscientific studies seeking mechanistic accounts of their effects. However, the way speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are integrating the evolving research into real-world clinical practice remains elusive. This study aims to provide an overview of the situation and to identify factors that might be associated with the use of these methods.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were collected from SLPs in French-speaking countries via an online survey. They were analyzed using descriptive and associative statistical methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred thirty-five valid responses were analyzed. Despite not having enough clinical training in music- and rhythm-based methods, SLPs reported using music and rhythm to treat various disorders. When doing so, the primary goal was symptom-specific improvement, and the choice of method was largely dependent on the patient's clinical diagnosis. Improving clinical training, enhancing evidence-based knowledge through engagement with the scientific literature, and fostering personal engagement with music were found to be crucial factors in improving the integration of rhythm and music into clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Future studies should focus on identifying more effective ways to translate theoretical insights from scientific research into practical clinical tools for music- and rhythm-based interventions. Moreover, critical gaps in research must be addressed, including evaluating the effectiveness of these interventions, understanding the mechanisms underlying their potential benefits, and exploring how SLPs assess their efficiency in everyday practice.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.31839274.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1025-1037"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Can English Tell Us? English Tense/Agreement Measures as Tools for Identification of Spanish-English Bilingual Children With Developmental Language Disorder.","authors":"Juliana Ronderos, Anny Castilla-Earls","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-25-00223","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-25-00223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to examine the potential clinical use of English-only measures of tense/agreement to identify Spanish-English bilingual children with developmental language disorders (DLDs).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants included 129 Spanish-English bilingual children aged 4-7 years; 55 children were classified as having DLD. Language samples were elicited in English through story retell and story generation tasks to calculate tense/agreement composite measures of emerging diversity (tense marker total), productivity (tense/agreement productivity), and accuracy (modified version of the finite verb morphology composite). We investigated whether these measures in English show group-level differences in bilingual children with DLD from peers with typically developing language (TD) and the diagnostic accuracy of these measures while taking into account English vocabulary and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The group of children with DLD significantly underperformed the group with TD across all tense/agreement composite measures. When using optimized cutoff scores, tense/agreement measures yielded mixed results for diagnostic accuracy to identify children with DLD as correctly having DLD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Best practices recommend using converging evidence from both languages when assessing bilingual children. Given that English assessment is often the primary tool available to school-based clinicians, our findings indicate that English-only tense/agreement measures may provide valuable descriptive information about bilingual children's English language development. However, these measures should be interpreted within a comprehensive evaluation of language abilities and should not be used in isolation for diagnostic purposes.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.31383088.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"884-900"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147437001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}