American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Speech Sound Production in Australian English-Dutch Bilingual Children.","authors":"Hayo Terband, Bhavana Bhat, Anniek van Doornik","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Determining if suspected speech errors in bilingual children are due to bilingual language acquisition or a speech sound disorder is challenging for speech-language pathologists (SLPs). This study investigates how the productions of nonword imitation (NWI) tasks of English-Dutch bilingual children differ from other speech tasks, both in direct comparison and relative to norm data.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Seventy-seven typically developing Australian English-Dutch bilingual children aged 4-12 years participated in this study. All children completed the Dutch test battery called the Computer Articulation Instrument. Data on language exposure were collected through parent/caregiver questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The English-Dutch bilingual children scored lower than the norm data on the picture-naming and consistency task but not on NWI and diadochokinesis tasks. Specific phonological processes were more evident in bilingual children, and these patterns differed according to the task. The consistency task revealed a unique pattern of production in bilingual children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results confirm that the NWI task may be the most language neutral. Detailed phonological error analysis indicates that SLPs assessing English-Dutch bilingual children should pay attention to voice onset time, fricatives, and vowels.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discourse Measures From the Modern Cookie Theft Picture Description Are Sensitive to Mild Communication Deficits Not Captured by the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised Aphasia Quotient.","authors":"Lisa D Bunker, Shauna K Berube, Voss Neal, Lindsey Kelly, Catherine Kelly, Erin L Meier, Argye E Hillis","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R) is often used for diagnosis of aphasia. However, persons scoring above the WAB-R diagnostic cutoff may still present with language difficulties indicative of aphasia. Identification of residual language challenges is critical for treatment referral or inclusion in research. We examined differences in discourse following acute left-hemisphere stroke for those above/below the WAB-R diagnostic cutoff compared to healthy controls, as well as recovery during the first year.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Sixty-eight participants with acute left-hemisphere stroke completed the WAB-R and were classified as <i>aphasic by WAB-R</i> (ABW; <i>n</i> = 42) or <i>not aphasic by WAB-R</i> (NABW; <i>n</i> = 26). They completed the Modern Cookie Theft (MCT) picture description task at two time points: acute and either 3, 6, or 12 months poststroke. Responses were analyzed for content units, total verbal output, efficiency, and lateralization of content (i.e., right vs. left side of stimulus) and compared to 49 healthy controls. Differences between groups were examined using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Change over time was examined using robust linear mixed-effects regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Wilcoxon tests showed differences between healthy controls and ABW or NABW on all MCT metrics except efficiency for those NABW. Regression models showed no main effects of group or interaction between group and time point.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The NABW group showed deficits in verbal output, content production, and laterality on the MCT picture description task, suggesting the presence of possible aphasia and hemispatial neglect. Measures derived from the MCT may be more sensitive to residual language/communication difficulties not captured by the WAB-R. The NABW group also showed similar patterns of recovery as the ABW group, highlighting the MCT task's ability to capture change for those with mild impairments. Results support use of the MCT task in clinical settings, particularly if/when mild deficits are probable/suspected.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28608116.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasopharyngoscopic Velopharyngeal Port Function Assessment: A Randomized Comparative Trial of 3D-Printed Versus Ready-Made Models.","authors":"Namık Yücel Birol, Özlem Ünal Logacev, Esra Yaşar Gündüz","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of nasopharyngoscopic velopharyngeal port assessment training given to speech-language pathology undergraduate students using a high-cost, ready-made endoscopy training model versus a low-cost, 3D-printed model.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A randomized comparison trial was conducted with 36 final-year undergraduate students from nine different speech-language pathology programs in Türkiye. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups and received training either with ready-made endoscopy model or the 3D-printed model. The training included theoretical and practical components, followed by self-confidence, procedural proficiency, and satisfaction assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups significantly improved in self-confidence and procedural proficiency from the pretest to posttest. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding performance, indicating that the 3D-printed model was as effective as the ready-made model. Satisfaction levels were high across both groups, with no significant differences noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The low-cost, 3D-printed endoscopy training model was found to be as effective as the high-cost, ready-made model in improving students' self-confidence and proficiency in nasopharyngoscopic velopharyngeal port assessment. This finding suggests that 3D-printed models can be a viable and cost-effective alternative for simulation-based education in speech-language pathology programs, particularly in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and Facilitators to Assessment Practices in Linguistically Diverse Children: A Preliminary Application of Theoretical Domains Framework.","authors":"Sabreen NoorAli, Stephanie De Anda, Lauren M Cycyk, Sara Starlin","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Linguistically diverse children face health disparities in special education services in part due to limited linguistic responsivity in communication assessment practices. This study uses the first application of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to reveal the various factors that affect the implementation of linguistically responsive practices and their respective barriers and facilitators.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Two focus groups were conducted in Oregon with a total of nine speech-language pathologists, most of whom were multilingual. A deductive and inductive analytical approach in a two-stage process was employed, whereby barriers and facilitators were deductively coded using TDF domains (content analysis) and analyzed for subthemes within each domain as well as barriers and facilitators for each domain. Barriers and facilitators were summarized across overarching themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 33 themes were extracted from all the domains. The most commonly coded TDF domains in the focus group transcript were knowledge (69%), beliefs about consequences (48%), and environmental context and resources (33%). The overarching themes identified across domains were related to the role of family, flexibility and adaptability, limitations of assessment tools, need for help through experts, research and training, and approach to language differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings from this study offer a precise initial characterization of the barriers and facilitators to linguistically responsive communication assessment of children from birth to age 5 years. Future research should focus on supporting facilitators while eliminating barriers to ensure equitable service provision for all children.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28516196.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Single-Case Design Study of Collaborative Interpersonal Strategy Building With Audio Reflection for Improving Social Communication Following Acquired Brain Injury.","authors":"Heidi Iwashita, McKay Moore Sohlberg, Wendy Machalicek, Samantha Shune, Deanna Linville","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This article reports the results of a single-case experimental multiple-baseline study across participants aiming to evaluate treatment effects of a metacognitive, joint reflection intervention package for social communication after acquired brain injury (ABI).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Four adults with a history of ABI and their everyday communication partners (ECPs) participated in a novel intervention, the Collaborative Interpersonal Strategy Building with Audio Reflection (CISBAR), incorporating collaborative goal setting, metacognitive strategy instruction, and joint audio reflection. Primary participants and ECPs engaged in 6- to 7-min conversations on opinion topics during the baseline, intervention, and follow-up phases. Raters scored turn-taking behavior (interruption, length of speaking turn) in each videorecorded conversation sample in random order without knowing study phase. Pre-/post-intervention questionnaires captured client and partner perspectives of communication changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All four participants achieved personal communication goals. Visual analysis of specific communication targets supported a treatment effect in the two participants targeting interruption, but not in the two participants targeting verbosity. Design-comparable effect size analysis showed a medium effect size for decreasing interruption. Communication skills of all participants improved following CISBAR according to self- and partner-report questionnaires. Improvements in communication target behaviors maintained at 1-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results suggest that CISBAR shows promise as a treatment package for improving social communication post-ABI. The discussion considers the complexities of measuring changes in social communication, the treatment ingredients and candidacy considerations for CISBAR, and the emphasis on shared decision making in the therapy process.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing a Vietnamese Sentence Repetition Task Using Item Response Theory.","authors":"Giang Pham, Alexander Choi-Tucci, Ngoc Do, Kerry Danahy Ebert","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00381","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Sentence repetition can contribute to the identification of developmental language disorder (DLD). However, few studies have attempted to optimize the task for clinical practice. This study uses the item response theory (IRT) to optimize a Vietnamese sentence repetition task for screening and full-assessment purposes and evaluate the diagnostic utility of the new item sets.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We expanded the original task from 28 to 40 items to maximize the chances of having robust final item sets. The 40 items were administered to 196 children in Vietnam, ages 4-6 years. Participants met criteria for DLD (<i>n</i> = 28) or typical development (<i>n</i> = 122), while a subset did not meet criteria for either classification (i.e., Risk, <i>n</i> = 46). Using IRT, we compared different scoring systems and selected item sets with robust parameters and adequate fit to serve two clinical purposes, assessment and screening. We calculated diagnostic accuracy of these item sets using discriminant function analysis and compared results to raw score cut-points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimal item set for full assessment included 28 items (15 original items) and showed strong diagnostic accuracy, as did a 14-item subset (seven original items) designed for screening. The item set for full assessment also provided a quick characterization of children's grammatical performance. The strongest diagnostic values were derived from discriminant function analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study optimized two sentence repetition tasks for monolingual Vietnamese children for use in a full assessment or screening. Implications are discussed on how to utilize tasks in clinical practice. Future studies need to evaluate sentence repetition in older children and bilingual populations.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28570475.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability of Stuttering in Young Children: Caregivers' Perceptions and Experiences.","authors":"Amir Hossein Rasoli Jokar, Sadaf Salehi, J Scott Yaruss","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>It is widely known that stuttering is variable, but few studies have examined the variability of stuttering behaviors and experiences in young children. This study aimed to increase understanding of stuttering variability in preschool children based on the perspectives of their primary caregivers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study employed a mixed-methods approach involving 104 primary caregivers of English-speaking children who stutter in the United States. The children's ages were 2 years 11 months to 6 years 2 months. Caregivers provided insights about the variability of their children's stuttering via an online survey that gathered information about the amount, severity, and type of variability observed. The survey also gathered information about children's emotional and behavioral reactions to variability across situations, tasks, and time, as well as about the impact of variability on children and on the caregivers themselves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses confirmed that a high percentage of caregivers observed variability in different aspects of their children's stuttering. For example, 89% of caregivers reported that the amount of stuttering they see in their children's speech is variable. Emotional factors were identified as the most significant influencers of this variability, followed by paralinguistic, linguistic, and social factors. Variability was reported to not only affect children's communication and emotional well-being; caregivers reported that variability also affected their own emotional responses, as well as their interactions with their children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights the need for comprehensive, multifaceted clinical assessments and interventions for young children that account for variability in the behavior, impact, and experience of stuttering. Further research is needed to determine appropriate means of addressing stuttering variability in the assessment and intervention process.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"It Is No Solution to Sit and Keep Quiet\": Experiences of Communicative Function in People With Parkinson's Disease Following Participation in a Group Intervention for Speech and Communication.","authors":"Joakim Körner Gustafsson, Ellika Schalling","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to explore and describe subjective experiences and feelings related to speech and communicative function for a group of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and whether these changed after participation in HiCommunication, an intensive group intervention program focusing on speech and communication for individuals with PD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Seven individuals who had completed the 10-week program participated in individual semistructured interviews that were transcribed and analyzed with content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight subthemes grouped into three main themes emerged during the analysis, including <i>communication challenges</i>, <i>insights from treatment</i>, and <i>practical considerations</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The overarching theme, <i>speech and communication training as a tool to respond to communication difficulties</i>, describes that a group speech and communication treatment program, HiCommunication, may help individuals with PD form and implement strategies to maneuver negative emotional stress related to communication and decrease the risk of social isolation.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28556273.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latine Caregivers' Perspectives of Autism-Related Services: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Molly Hoferle, Elizabeth Roepke","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Minoritized cultural groups in the United States experience disparities in diagnostic and intervention services for autistic children. Listening to the experiences of minoritized caregivers when accessing these services can identify areas for structural and individual improvement in cultural responsiveness.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a scoping review to map the experiences of Latine caregivers of autistic children in navigating autism-related services. Included studies were published between 2015 and 2024 and employed a qualitative design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-six studies were included in the review. The caregivers interviewed in these studies were primarily mothers; few studies included fathers or extended family members. Services reviewed included both assessment and intervention. Factors related to assessment and intervention uptake included communication, provider support, logistics, immigration, cultural beliefs, caregivers' knowledge about autism, and social systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Public education on the signs of autism and how to access services may address some of the barriers identified by caregivers in this review. Clinicians can provide education and support to empower caregivers to advocate for their children.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vivo Behavior of Transitional Foods as Compared to Purees: A Videofluoroscopic Analysis.","authors":"Ekaterina Bruno, Reva Barewal, Samantha Shune","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Medically tailored transitional foods (TFs) may be a clinically viable alternative to pureed consistency for individuals requiring texture-modified foods. However, little remains known about the performance of TFs during the swallow. The purpose of this investigation was to describe oropharyngeal swallowing physiology in patients with dysphagia during consumption of TFs as compared to pureed solids.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Retrospective chart reviews were conducted on 31 long-term acute care hospital inpatients (23 males; <i>M</i>_age = 57.5 years), who all had a primary medical diagnosis of acute respiratory failure. All patients received a videofluoroscopic swallow study that included both pureed and transitional solid (Savorease Therapeutic Foods) trials. Swallow function was assessed and described following the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP) interpretation approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences in scores were observed between pureed and transitional solids for any of the MBSImP component scores. Similarly, no statistically significant differences were observed in overall oral or pharyngeal composite scores. Although a majority of the individual patients performed similarly on both consistencies across the components scores, there was some variability across a few scores, with a subset of patients performing better with transitional solids for oral and pharyngeal residue and a subset of patients performing better with pureed solids for bolus preparation and initiation of the pharyngeal swallow. No instances of airway invasion were present across any of the solids trialed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this pilot study revealed that high-dissolving transitional solids did not increase apparent risk as compared to pureed textures, as there were no significant differences in swallowing safety and only some differences were observed in performance between the two textures. These findings may support the use of transitional solids as a \"bridge\" and safe consistency to facilitate progression to higher, more challenging textures in medically complex persons with dysphagia based on individual performance. This work represents an important initial step toward the integration of transitional solids into evaluation protocols, texture recommendations, and, potentially, into treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49240,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}