Energy for Sustainable Development最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive approach for electricity and clean cooking access through solar photovoltaic mini grids: The Kobe refugee camp case study","authors":"Sonia Ramos-Galdo ,&nbsp;Andrea A. Eras-Almeida ,&nbsp;Javier Mazorra Aguiar ,&nbsp;Miguel A. Egido-Aguilera","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The literature on e-cooking lacks case studies on integrated energy and clean cooking approach for community-based infrastructures in displacement settlements. This case study from the Kobe refugee camp fills this gap by incorporating up-to-date and context-specific data. The study enhances e-cooking literature by specifically examining the integration of electric pressure cooker (EPC) demand into scalable photovoltaic mini-grids (PVMGs) designed under a comprehensive approach – to address electricity and cooking needs – and long-term sustainability. Using HOMER Pro, a recognized power system modelling software, to optimize the MG from the load profile, the study assesses the benefits, challenges and open issues, with a particular focus on access levels achieved, costs and environmental impact; demonstrating that integrating high efficiency e-cooking appliances as EPCs significantly increases initial investment but has minimal impact on the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) while creating a stable demand anchor. This research also demonstrates that when capital expenses are covered through donations, and the system is and properly maintained, this solution enables Multi-Tier Framework (MTF) Tier 4 energy access, equivalent to Modern Energy Cooking Services (MECS). Comparative analyses of metrics such as leveraged cost of cooking a meal, global warming potential and MTF level confirm that an e-cooking solution combining EPC with optimized PVMG is economically and environmentally beneficial in this context compared to the baseline situation of cooking with traditional three-stone firewood stoves, with high scalability potential to other refugee camps in the context. Additional advantages include reduced deforestation and resource conflicts between refugees and host communities.</div><div>Although findings may not be universally applicable, the decreasing costs of lithium-ion batteries and solar PV and the increasing reliability and quality of the solar PV technology, alongside rising biomass fuel prices, make electric cooking a cost-effective alternative, particularly in displacement settings. This study offers a valuable resource for energy practitioners and policymakers, supporting integrated e-cooking and electricity solutions. It addresses climate, energy, and development challenges in the humanitarian sector while contributing to SDG 7 and SDG 13.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101691"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grid-edge renewable technologies enabling sustainable cities through big data analytics for energy sustainability","authors":"Benedito D. Bonatto ,&nbsp;Tiago M. Barbosa ,&nbsp;Vinicius B.F. Costa ,&nbsp;Walmir Freitas ,&nbsp;Luiz C.P. Silva ,&nbsp;Fernanda C.T. Arioli ,&nbsp;Tiago R. Ricciardi ,&nbsp;Madson C. de Almeida ,&nbsp;Gilberto de Martino Jannuzzi ,&nbsp;Marcelo S. Castro ,&nbsp;Hildo Guillardi Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to public data from the 2019 Distributor's Geographic Database (BDGD), the Brazilian public sector consumes 41.0 TWh of electricity per year, implying R$ 24.2 billion (US$ 4.8 billion) in expenses. The current business model is traditional, that is, the public sector exclusively purchases electricity from distribution companies at fixed rates. However, the electric sector business model has become outdated by the development of renewable distributed generation sources, energy storage systems, and competitive retail electricity markets. In this context of grid-edge technologies, where decarbonization, digitalization, and decentralization urgently promote energy transition, big data analytics applied to the BDGD can be useful for proposing more advanced business models for the public sector, focusing on enhancing electricity affordability, efficiency, and government sustainability. Therefore, this study contributes to an innovative framework called BDA4ES (Big Data Analytics for Energy Sustainability) by (i) creating a methodology that enables researchers to access the BDGD, process the data, and add complementary data, and (ii) conducting a thorough evaluation of investment opportunities in photovoltaic (PV) generation to make the Brazilian public sector more sustainable (financial, social, and environmental). Preliminary results demonstrate that by investing in PV generation, the Brazilian public sector could save R$ 476 billion (US$ 95 billion) over 25 years, representing a return on investment of 366 %, thus avoiding 46.2 Mt CO₂-eq of global warming potential (GWP), representing 3.4 % per year of the annual Brazilian carbon footprint on electricity generation. Moreover, when assuming an interest rate of 4.4 % (2019 average Brazilian basic interest rate – SELIC) the discounted payback time is 6.3 years (again, between 1 and 2 political mandate of 4 years), and the Net Present Value (NPV) is R$ 233 billion (US$46.5 billion) over 25 years. From this perspective, considering the overall socieconomical, environmental and political benefits, it becomes evident the public sector energy sustainability project's potential. The conventional optimized tariff model (TAROT) indicates that such a project would imply regulatory tariff increases up to 2.52 %, which is not particularly worrisome. Therefore, the results demonstrate the economic, social, and environmental viability of deploying PV systems to supply green electricity to the public sector, thereby enabling sustainable cities. Although the analyses focused on the public sector and PV generation, the proposed methodology can be used to conduct several distinct studies on energy sustainability for corporate and government social responsibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101707"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the regulatory gap: A policy review of extended producer responsibility for power battery recycling in China","authors":"Jie Yang ,&nbsp;Qingyun Jiang ,&nbsp;Junxian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production of electric vehicles in China is continuously increasing, leading to the issue of retired power batteries recycling. According to the degree of end-of-life (EOL), the recycling of power batteries can be divided into cascading utilization and material recycling. As the number of retired power batteries rising each year, effective recycling paths for power batteries are urgently needed to achieve sustainable development, protect the environment, and reduce carbon emissions. Currently, the legal framework for the recycling of electric vehicle power batteries in China needs further enhancement, especially in the implementation of the extended producer responsibility (EPR). This includes clarifying the rights and obligations of responsible parties, particularly the financial responsibilities, clarifying the information collection and reporting system, and promoting incentive mechanisms. In this process, experiences from the European Union in managing waste batteries can be drawn upon to further improve China's legal system for power batteries recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101697"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of vernacular architecture in enhancing the environmental sustainability of the building sector","authors":"Ajay Kumar K.C. ,&nbsp;Brijesh Mainali ,&nbsp;Anish Ghimire ,&nbsp;Bikash Adhikari ,&nbsp;Sunil Prasad Lohani ,&nbsp;Bivek Baral","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nepal's rapid urbanization, rural-to-urban transition, and economic growth have driven a major shift in building construction, moving from traditional methods using brick, stone, mud, and wood to contemporary Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) buildings. This transition in building construction practice raises critical questions about changes in the building life cycle energy use and emission. So, the study aimed to assess the life cycle energy consumption and carbon emissions (CO₂-eq.) of the typical traditional building types in Nepal namely: attached brick houses (ABH), isolated brick houses (IBH), and isolated stone houses (ISH).</div><div>The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the Nepalese traditional building shows that the life cycle energy use of traditional buildings ranges from 3573 to 5864 MJ/m², with emissions between 438 and 681 kgCO₂-eq/m²—substantially lower than RCC counterparts. A crucial factor is the use of biogenic materials in traditional buildings, which can sequester −126 to −185.5 kgCO₂-eq/m² during their lifecycle, offering a natural mechanism for reducing carbon emissions. In Nepal, where the energy mix is predominantly hydropower and residential buildings have minimal operational energy demands due to limited space heating and cooling provision, embodied carbon becomes a decisive factor in evaluating the environmental impact of construction. Traditional building practices present a compelling strategy for reducing embodied energy and emissions, thereby supporting sustainable development. The study highlights the importance of leveraging traditional building methods to create a low-carbon future, particularly in contexts like Nepal where renewable energy resources and low operational energy needs align with the advantages of biogenic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101695"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use and impacts of an ethanol cooking fuel promotion pilot in Dar es Salaam","authors":"Wenrui Qu ,&nbsp;Remidius Ruhinduka ,&nbsp;Maggie L. Clark ,&nbsp;Megan Benka-Coker ,&nbsp;Ashlinn Quinn ,&nbsp;Harry Stokes ,&nbsp;Wubshet Tadele ,&nbsp;Marc Jeuland","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring access to affordable and clean energy resources (as articulated in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7) is critical to achieving a range of human development outcomes. Numerous studies have examined how clean cooking technology can, under the right circumstances, reduce household air pollution and shift household time use. Yet, empirical research on the adoption and impacts of bioethanol, an emerging clean cooking fuel that is frequently promoted in policy dialogues, remains limited and largely descriptive. Thus, this paper evaluates the effects of a large-scale, UNIDO/GEF-sponsored ethanol promotion program implemented in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. To mitigate against bias from non-random selection into ethanol stove ownership and confounding by observable factors that may influence the outcomes of ethanol stove adoption, we apply multiple regression and matching methods to analyze survey data collected from 844 households. We document increases in cooking time with ethanol fuel and primary use of ethanol stoves, indicating that this technology was taken up by targeted households. Yet, no clear health improvements or net time savings result among these households. This is likely due to the continued use of charcoal stoves and insufficiently robust stoves, which dampen cooking time savings and air pollution reductions, and a weak ethanol fuel supply chain to convenient retail outlets, with implications for fuel collection time. Improvement in technology and program design and implementation, focusing on user experiences and convenience aspects, is necessary to achieve better outcomes and deliver tangible economic benefits to households.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101692"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical trends, underlying factors and the 2035 horizon situation of GHG emission in 16 Middle Eastern nations","authors":"Ali Ahmadi Orkomi","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research examines GHG emissions across 16 Middle Eastern countries from 1990 to 2021 and projects emissions up to 2035. Utilizing artificial neural networks (ANN) and regression models, it assesses the influence of urban/rural populations, GDP per capita, energy intensity, and carbon intensity on emissions. The ANN with two hidden layers outperformed other models in 63 % of cases. Per capita emissions grew most in Oman, Saudi Arabia, and Iran, while the United Arab Emirates (ARE), Bahrain, and Qatar saw declines. A positive correlation between GDP and energy consumption was noted, with Iran showing the strongest correlation. All countries exhibited a positive relationship between carbon emissions and energy consumption, particularly in conflict-affected nations. Energy intensity has risen in Oman, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the ARE, and Lebanon. The carbon intensity of Middle Eastern countries, excluding Yemen, has demonstrated a downward trend, indicating a shift towards renewable energy. Projections of GHG emissions using ANN and multiple linear regressions (MLR) suggest a 35% increase by 2035compared to 2021 under a business-as-usual scenario, while an emission reduction scenario could lower emissions by 10.82 %, potentially reaching about 4.8 gigatonnes of CO_2e. In the Middle East, the anticipated emissions align closely with the SSP3-7.0 pathway, which faces significant mitigation and adaptation challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101693"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of passive direct current microgrids on off-grid energy transition: Concept development, testing, and implementation in a remote amazonian community","authors":"José de Arimatéia Alves Vieira Filho ,&nbsp;Arthur Correa da Fonseca ,&nbsp;Orlando Lemos de Lima Silva ,&nbsp;Victor Parente de Oliveira Alves ,&nbsp;Marcos André Barros Galhardo ,&nbsp;Pedro Ferreira Torres ,&nbsp;Samuel J. Williamson ,&nbsp;Wilson Negrão Macêdo","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Implementing Direct Current (DC) microgrids in isolated communities offers significant benefits such as energy efficiency, robustness, and reliability but introduces challenges, primarily due to technical complexity. DC microgrids necessitate specialized equipment and control systems to integrate renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and loads. This integration is particularly challenging in remote locations with limited expertise and maintenance support. The proposed microgrid operates passively, meaning it does not use additional devices or communication between power conditioners to manage the grid's voltage. This alternative approach employs conventional equipment from Solar Home Systems (SHS) using a passive open structure because, despite the global use of SHS in electrification projects for their simplicity and cost-effectiveness, there are limitations in capacity, generally restricting energy use to only one home. A more reliable system with enhanced power delivery capacity can be achieved by interconnecting SHS to form a microgrid. This paper discusses the development of a 24 V DC microgrid using commercial off-the-shelf components, contrasting with the sophisticated equipment typically required. The laboratory testing and the implementation in an Amazonian community are described. The laboratory facility has three SHSs and three independent loads used to evaluate the concept and design, demonstrating operating principles and system capabilities, such as load sharing under typical operating conditions and operation under contingencies. The community DC microgrid is then implemented with five interconnected SHSs, one without batteries, in a remote Amazonian community to run productive end-uses and domestic loads, which were monitored, and the practical results evaluated. The laboratory and community systems demonstrated improved reliability over an individual SHS. When failures occurred within the system, the other generation nodes continued to supply power to the loads. It was also found that 55 % of the total consumption (1963 kWh) was serviced from the battery and that generation curtailment often occurred during the day as most loads did not coincide with the peak generation time, indicating a significant potential for optimizing the energy usage from the load side. At the main nodes, the voltage range is between 0.96 and 1.21 p.u. During the day, the voltage is primarily determined by charging modes, with median values between 1.08 and 1.14 p.u. In contrast, at night or on cloudy days, the battery's voltages partially or wholly establish it, with median values between 0.97 and 0.99 p.u. The four community households surveyed had overwhelming positive views of the microgrid. These outcomes show the potential of this DC microgrid design to support the off-grid energy transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101690"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of coal plant retrofitting strategies in developing India’s net-zero power system: A data-driven sub-national analysis","authors":"Yifu Ding ,&nbsp;Dharik Mallapragada ,&nbsp;Robert James Stoner","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>India set Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets toward its net-zero carbon emission goal by 2070, which requires deep decarbonization of India’s power generation sector. Yet, coal power generation contributes to more than 60% of the total, and policies still permit further coal fleet expansion and lifetime extensions. In this paper, we investigate the role of retrofitting India’s coal plants for carbon capture and storage (CCS) and biomass co-firing in developing the net-zero power system. We model the power generation and transmission network expansions across 30 Indian regions in four representative technology scenarios under progressively tighter carbon emission caps, taking into account sub-national coal price variation and thermal efficiency of individual coal plants. Our analysis indicates that coal plant retrofitting with CCS could achieve gigawatt-scale deployment by 2035 if India reduces its annual carbon emissions from power generation to half of the 2021 level (i.e., 500 million tons of CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>). Both renewable capacity expansion and coal plant retrofitting with CCS reduce the unabated coal plant capacity, electricity generation costs, and carbon abatement costs. While exploiting renewable energy potential remains the most cost-effective decarbonization strategy, it faces challenges of low coal plant utilization and the uneven geographical distribution of renewable generation investments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101687"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative carbon footprint of electric and hydrogen vehicles: Insights from Morocco, Africa, and global energy transitions","authors":"Hamza Khaldi,&nbsp;Hamid Mounir","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the potential of electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen vehicles (HVs) to reduce lifecycle carbon emissions compared to thermal vehicles in various national energy contexts. Emissions are analyzed across production, deployment, and end-of-life stages, including recycling and non-recycling pathways. Results show that electric vehicles achieve substantial emissions reductions even in energy systems dominated by fossil fuels. For hydrogen vehicles, emissions vary significantly depending on the energy source. Those powered by carbon-intensive hydrogen generate higher emissions than combustion vehicles, while those using green hydrogen demonstrate transformative potential, surpassing electric vehicles in long-term emissions reduction. Countries with low-carbon energy mixes, such as France and Kenya, perform best, while nations reliant on fossil fuels face major challenges. In Morocco, accelerating investments in renewable energy and green hydrogen present an opportunity to strategically adopt hydrogen and electric vehicles, maximizing carbon savings and strengthening energy resilience. Overall, this study provides actionable insights for reducing global transport emissions through renewable energy adoption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101685"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized multi-generation system for sustainable desalination and power production using solar-driven Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) in Basra, Iraq","authors":"Hassan A. Hameed Al-Hamzawi ,&nbsp;Ali S. Abed Al Sailawi","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study designs and optimizes a solar-driven multi-generation system integrating parabolic trough solar thermal technology with Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) for sustainable desalination and power production in Basra, Iraq. The system addresses the region’s water scarcity by leveraging its abundant solar resources. Using the System Advisor Model (SAM), the parabolic trough plant’s thermal and electrical outputs were simulated, with the thermal energy driving the MED process. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimized key parameters, including steam temperature (60 °C to 200 °C) and the number of effects (6 to 24), to maximize efficiency. A six-hour thermal energy storage (TES) system ensured stable operation during solar fluctuations. The optimized MED system achieved a desalination rate of 104.7 kg/s, an exergy destruction rate of 600.9 kW, and a cost rate of 0.15 $/s, demonstrating a 20% efficiency improvement over conventional systems. TES enabled reliable operation, with thermal and electrical outputs peaking at 90 MW<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mtext>t</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span> and 35 MW<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mtext>e</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span>, respectively. The findings underscore the potential of integrating solar thermal technology with MED for scalable, efficient, and sustainable desalination in high-irradiance regions. This work provides a framework for optimizing renewable energy-driven desalination systems, contributing to global efforts in sustainable water production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101684"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}